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"The Müller and northern Schwaner mountain ranges are home to a handful of tiny, isolated groups (Aoheng, Hovongan, Kereho, Semukung, Seputan), altogether totaling about 5,000 persons, which are believed to have been forest hunter-gatherers in a distant or recent past. Linguistic data were collected among these groups and other neighbouring groups between 1975 and 2010, leading to the delineation of two distinct clusters of languages of nomadic or formerly nomadic groups, which are called MSP (Müller-Schwaner Punan) and BBL (Bukat-Beketan-Lisum) clusters. These languages also display lexical affinity to the languages of various major Bornean settled farming groups (Kayan, Ot Danum). Following brief regional and particular historical sketches, their phonological systems and some key features are described and compared within the wider local linguistic setting, which is expected to contribute to an elucidation of the ultimate origins of these people and their languages."

"Adanya Globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi membuat manusia kini memiliki mobilitas tinggi dan mampu mengatasi masalah ruang, jarak, dan waktu. Meskipun memiliki mobilitas tinggi, manusia tetap memiliki kebutuhan untuk berhuni menetap. Kemudahan berpindah memicu sebagian manusia untuk melakukan berhuni sambil berpindah atau bertransformasi menjadi nomad modern. Dalam skripsi ini penulis membahas tentang nomad modern sebagai produk dari perubahan zaman, klasifikasi nomad modern dan bagaimana pola berhuni sambil berpindah yang mereka lakukan yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan teori tentang berhuni dan tempat sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam berhuni. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bila dikaitkan dengan konsep berhuni, pada pola berhuni berpindah yang dilakukan nomad modern terdapat anomali yang disebabkan naluri manusia untuk berhuni menetap dengan kebutuhan nomad untuk terus berada dalam perpindahan. Anomali yang dimaksud berupa dilema yang dirasakan nomad modern yang kemudian diselesaikan dengan adanya periode mooring (berhuni di suatu tempat dalam periode tertentu) yang dilakukan pada proses berhuni berpindah mereka. Mooring ini bertujuan sebagai pemulihan dari kelelahan selama perpindahan yang konstan sebelum melanjutkan kembali perjalanan mereka.

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The existence of globalization and the development of technology makes people now have high mobility and capable of overcoming the problem of space, distance, and time. Despite having high mobility, people still have the need to settle. These facility trigger some people to do mobile dwelling or transformed into modern nomads. In this paper the author discusses about modern nomad as a product of the change of time, the classification of modern nomad and their mobile dwelling pattern then asscociated with the theory of dwelling and place as one of the important aspects of dwelling. The results showed that when associated with the concept of dwelling, there is anomaly in the pattern of mobile dwelling that done by modern nomad caused by the human nature to settle and the mobility of nomad that needs to continue moving. This anomaly is a form of dilemma perceived by modern nomad who later settled it with mooring period (dwelling in a particular place within a certain period of time) that done on the process of their mobile dwelling. This mooring period is to recover from fatigue during constant displacement before resuming their journey."

"Kebudayaan Maroko merupakan percampuran antara budaya Berber, Arab, dan Eropa. Etnis asli Berber di Maroko terkenal dengan gaya hidup nomad atau berpindah-pindah dalam bermukim. Selain di Maroko, bangsa Berber banyak ditemukan di wilayah Afrika Utara seperti Aljazair, Tunisia, dan Mauritania. Sejak 1963, bangsa Berber mengadakan pertemuan tahunan bernama Festival Tan-Tan Moussem. Namun, festival ini sempat terhenti penyelenggaraannya selama 25 tahun hingga akhirnya kembali terselenggara pada 2004. Penelitian ini mengkaji permasalahan tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan festival Tan-Tan Moussem dan bagaimana revitalisasi festival Tan-Tan Moussem di Maroko. Dalam mewujudkan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan teori kebudayaan dan revitalisasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa festival Tan-Tan Moussem adalah festival kebudayaan suku nomad Berber di Maroko. Festival ini menjadi sarana pertemuan tahunan masyarakat nomad Sahara yang menyatukan lebih dari tiga puluh suku dari Maroko barat daya dan sebagian Afrika barat laut. Revitalisasi Tan-Tan Moussem dapat terlaksana dengan upaya dari Kementerian Pariwisata Maroko dan UNESCO.

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Moroccan culture is made up of a combination of the Berber, Arab, and Europe. The native Berbers in Morocco are known for their nomadic lifestyle, they don't have a settled home and never stay long in the same place. Apart from Morocco, Berbers are found in many areas of North Africa, namely Algeria, Tunisia, and Mauritania. Since 1963, the Berbers have held an annual meeting called the Tan-Tan Moussem Festival. At one point, however, the festival was put on hold for twenty-five years, and started to continued in 2004. This study aims to explain what exactly is Tan-Tan Moussem Festival and its revitalization in Morocco. The culture theory, together with revitalization theory are used to analyze this study. The method used are qualitative study with literature review approach. The result of this study shows that Tan-Tan Moussem Festival is a cultural festival of the Morocco's Saharan nomad tribe. This event becomes the place for annual gathering of the Saharan nomad tribe that includes more than thirty tribes from Southwest Morocco and a portion of Northwest Africa. The revitalization of Tan-Tan Moussem can be accomplished with the efforts of the Moroccan Ministry of Tourism and UNESCO.

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