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"Buku yang berjudul "Soils manual for design of Asphalt Pavement Structures" ini dipersembahkan oleh The Asphalt Institute. "

"Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) berasal dari hasil pengerukan jalan dalam kondisi perbaikan dimana RAP tersebut masih mengandung komponen aspal dan agregat dengan tujuan dapat digunakan kembali. Penelitian ini menghasilkan campuran beraspal dengan variasi kadar RAP 35%, 45%, 51.55% dan variasi kadar aspal 5%, 6%, 7% dengan total jumlah sampel 27 buah serta menganalisa pengaruh dari metode pencampuran dengan suhu hangat ( WMA) pada campuran beraspal yang dibuat untuk Laston lapis antara (AC-BC). Sampel akan dilakukan uji Marshall untuk mendapatkan nilai-nilai stabilitas, kelelehan, MQ, VIM, VMA dan VFA yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan spesifikasi Bina Marga untuk melihat campuran beraspal terbaik pada variasi kadar yang telah ditentukan serta dapat menentukan kadar aspal optimum dan kadar RAP optimumnya. Uji Factorial Design juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui signifikansi kadar RAP, kadar aspal dan interaksi keduanya terhadap nilai-nilai yang didapatkan dalam uji Marshall. Hasil penelitian didapatkan campuran terbaik pada kadar RAP 35% dengan kadar aspal 6% serta kadar aspal optimum 6.3%, signifikansi kadar RAP tidak berpengaruh terhadap seluruh nilai-nilai yang didapatkan dari uji Marshall sementara untuk kadar aspal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai VMA, VIM dan VFA.

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Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is derived from the results of dredging the road in repair conditions where the RAP still contains asphalt and aggregate components for the purpose of being reused. This study produced paved mixtures with variations in RAP levels of 35%, 45%, 51.55% with variations in asphalt content of 5%, 6%, 7% with a total 27 samples and analyzed the effect of mixing methods with warm temperatures (WMA) on mixtures paved made for Laston layers between (AC-BC). The sample will be tested by Marshall to obtain the values ​​of stability, melt, MQ, VIM, VMA and VFA to see the best asphalt mixture at a predetermined level variattion based on Bina marga specification and can determine optimum asphalt content and grade optimum RAP.

Factorial Design Test was also conducted to determine the significance of RAP levels, asphalt levels and their interactions with the values ​​obtained in the Marshall test. The results showed the best mixture of 35% RAP levels with 6% asphalt content and optimum asphalt content 6.3%, the significance of RAP levels did not affect all values ​​obtained from the Marshall test while the asphalt content had a significant effect on the values ​​of VMA, VIM and VFA."

"Pembangunan berkelanjutan kini menjadi salah satu hal yang harus dipertimbangan dalam melakukan suatu pembangunan. Salah satu dari konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan adalah recycle atau memanfaatkan kembali bahan yang telah digunakan sehingga dapat meminimalisir penggunaan sumber daya yang dapat habis terpakai. Saat ini pada perawatan jalan khususnya, sering kali menyisakan sisa hasil kupasan aspal RAP yang tidak dimanfaatkan kembali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaat RAP agar dapat digunakan kembali sebagai bahan campuran pembentukan aspal baru. Dengan melakukan eksperimen pada material RAP yang digunakan dalam kondisi campuran beraspal hangat atau warm mix asphalt WMA dengan penambahan asbuton retona untuk proses pencampuran aspal berjenis Laston Lapis Aus AC-WC yang kemudian akan di uji dengan Marshall Test. Proses pencampuran dilakukan pada temperatur hangat dimaksudkan agar dapat mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar dan mengurangi emisi gas karbon yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan asbuton Retona yang merupakan produk asli dalam negeri dan juga zeolite yang cukup mudah untuk didapatkan di Indonesia. Hal ini bertujuan untuk lebih memaksimalkan potensi bahan-bahan material dalam negeri. Pada akhir penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan metode factorial design untuk mendapatkan kadar optimum dari campuran asbuton retona dengan RAP yang digunakan dalam campuran hangat serta pengaruh RAP terhadap sifat-sifat campuran Laston Lapis Aus AC-WC.

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Sustainable development is now one of the things that must be considered in doing a development. One of the concept of sustainable development is recycle or reuse of materials that have been used so as to minimize the use of resources that can be used up. Currently on road maintenance in particular, it often leaves residual asphalt remover RAP that is not reused.

This study aims to utilize RAP to be reused as a mixture of new asphalt formation. Experiments on RAP material used in warm mix asphalt WMA mixed conditions with the addition of retona asbuton to the Asphalt Concrete Bonding AC WC asphalt process which will then be tested by Marshall Test. The mixing process is carried out at warm temperatures intended to reduce fuel usage and reduce emissions of the resulting carbon gas.

This research also uses Retona asbuton which is the original product in the country and also zeolite which is quite easy to get in Indonesia. It aims to further maximize the potential of materials in the country. At the end of this research will be analyzed by using factorial design to obtain optimum level from retona asbuton mixture with RAP used in warm mixture and RAP effect on mixed properties of Laston Lapis Aus AC WC. "

"Black Cotton Soil (BCS) collected from Guyuk, Adamawa State- North-eastern Nigeria, was treated with 0 to 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in 10% steps to evaluate the microstructure and strength of the compacted mixtures. The index property results show that the BCS and RAP are classified under clay of high plasticity (CH) and poorly graded sand (SP) respectively, according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). An extraction test gave a RAP bitumen content of 5.99%, which is within the value of 5–6% recommended in the literature. An x-ray diffraction test carried out on both the BCS and RAP showed that the BCS predominantly consisted of quartz, microcline, albite and kaolinite, which is similar to the results obtained in the literature, while the RAP, however, consisted of quartz, albite, orthoclase, phylogopite and actinolite, which is slightly different to what is reported in the literature, probably due to the source of the bitumen. The results of compaction, at a modified energy level, conducted on the mixtures, show that the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) increased from 1.890 to 2.034 mg/m3 at 30% RAP content, after which the value fell to1.925 mg/m3 at 100% RAP content. The Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) however, decreased from 13.7% at 0% RAP, to 8.8% at between 40-60% RAP content, after which the value increased marginally to 9.5% at 90% RAP. Similar to the MDD, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) increased from 11% at 0% RAP to a maximum of 35% at 30% RAP content, after which the value fell to 5% at 100% RAP content. 30% RAP is therefore the optimal mixture giving the highest strength and can be used as a sub-base material for roads with light traffic use, according to the Nigerian General Specification for Road and Bridge Works. Hence the 3.07% bitumen obtained for this mixture can be adopted as the fixation point for BCS-RAP mixtures. Durability was found to be far lower than the resistance to loss in strength of 80% suggested in the literature."