Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This article explains how recent changes in China’s legal culture are being influenced by the two philosophies of good governance currently emphasised by the country’s leadership; that is, the rule of law and social harmony. Focusing specifically on criminal procedure, the article uncovers the essence of China’s current legal culture – that is, the juxtaposition of the rule of law and social harmony, and analogises it with the alloy of Confucianism and Legalism in dynastic China. This article pos its that the effort to amend the Criminal Procedure Law (‘CPL’) (2012) completes the transition of China’s legal culture because it accomplishes a substantive mixture of the rule of law and social harmony. The article then scrutinises the CPL amendments by classifying them into two groups in the light of their main functions – that is, to consolidate the rule of law and to legalise social harmony – and discusses how the rule of law and social harmony are further promoted in the criminal justice system through the first-year implementation of the CPL. A preliminary examination of the questions arising from the juxtaposition of the rule of law and social harmony under the CPL – which touches upon the basis of the criminal justice system and even the entire legal regime – precedes the conclusion of the article."

"History of arbitration in China -- Arbitration agreement -- Court and arbitral jurisdiction -- Applicable law -- Arbitration procedure -- Enforcement of arbitral awards in China -- Developments in domain name disputes."

"Penelitian ini mencoba menjelaskan mengenai mengapa China bertindak asertif terhadap Vietnam di dalam kasus sengketa di Laut China Selatan. Tindakan China terhadap Vietnam di kasus Laut China Selatan merupakan sebuah anomali. Ketika berhadapan dengan negara Asia Tenggara lainnya, China tidak bertindak asertif dibandingan ketika China berhadapan dengan Vietnam. China masih mengedepankan negosiasi dalam berhadapan dengan negara lain. Tetapi jika berhadapan dengan Vietnam, China lebih mengedepankan sikap asertifnya. Untuk mencoba menganalisis sikap China terhadap Vietnam tersebut, penulis menggunakna konsep offense-defense balance milik Jervis. Konsep tersebut menyatakan bahwa ketika suatu negara meningkatkan keamanannya maka keamanan negara lain akan berkurang. Namun efek tersebut dapat dikurangi oleh 2 indikator yaitu keuntungan ofensif dan defensif serta pembedaan senjata ofensif atau defensif. Keuntungan ofensif terjadi ketika teknologi alutsista dapat menetralisir keuntungan geografis yang ada. Keuntungan defensif terjadi ketika teknologi alutsista tidak bisa menetralisir keuntungan geografis. Sedangkan pembedaan senjata ofensif dan defensif dapat dilihat dari 3 variabel yaitu mobilitas, daya tembak dan kemampuan menyerang tiba-tiba. Dari hasil analisis, tindakan China untuk bertindak lebih asertif kepada Vietnam disebabkan karena China dan Vietnam sama-sama memiliki keuntungan ofensif dan alutsista yang mereka miliki dapat dibedakan antara yang memiliki kemampuan ofensif dan kemampuan defensif. Oleh sebab itu dalam hubungan China dan Vietnam terjadi hubungan yang memungkinkan terjadinya aksi asertif oleh salah satu negara.

---

This study tries to explain why China acts assertively towards Vietnam in the case of disputes in the South China Sea. China's action against Vietnam in the South China Sea case is an anomaly. When dealing with other Southeast Asian countries, China is not as assertive as when China is dealing with Vietnam. China is still prioritizing negotiations in dealing with other countries. But when it comes to Vietnam, China puts forward its assertiveness. To try to analyze China's attitude towards Vietnam, the author uses Jervis' offense-defense balance concept. The concept states that when a country increases its security, the security of other countries will decrease. However, this effect can be reduced by 2 indicators, namely offensive and defensive advantages and the differentiation of offensive or defensive weapons. Offensive advantage occurs when defense equipment technology can neutralize the existing geographic advantage. Defensive advantage occurs when defense equipment technology cannot neutralize geographical advantages. While the distinction between offensive and defensive weapons can be seen from 3 variables, namely mobility, firepower and the ability to attack suddenly. From the results of the analysis, China's action to act more assertively towards Vietnam is because China and Vietnam both have offensive advantages and their defense equipment can be distinguished between those with offensive capabilities and defensive capabilities. Therefore, in the relationship between China and Vietnam, there is a relationship that allows assertive action by one of the countries."