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"[ABSTRAKPerkembangan situasi ekonomi internasaional semenjak tahun 1970-andiwarnai dengan peningkatan lalu lintas modal antar negara yangt telahmenimbulkan perdebatan di kalangan praktisi dan akademisi. Dengan latarbelakang tersebut, tulisan ini mencoba mengangkat mengenai landasan teoritisdari globalisasi keuangan yang diusung oleh dua pandangan liberal yaituKeynesian dan neoliberal. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa kedua pandangantersebut memiliki posisi yang sama kuat di bidang akademis dan terdapatperdebatan yang tidak berujung mengenai berbagai aspek dari globalisasikeuangan. Tulisan ini kemudian menemukan bahwa literatur globalisasi keuangandi negara berkembang sangat fokus pada pembahasan mengenai penyebab dankonsekuensi dari fenomena tersebut.

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ABSTRACTInternational economics has witnessed a dramatic increase in capital flowsbetween countries since 1970s. It has also sparked debate between practitionersand academician in explaining this phenomenon. Against this backdrop, thisliterature review tries to explain the theoretical foundation of the financialglobalization using liberal and Keynesian perspective. This literature finds thatboth perspectives are well-argued and the debate reaches an inconclusivity. Thisliterature also finds that most of the writings about globalization in developingcountries focus on the cause and effect of that particular phenomenon., International economics has witnessed a dramatic increase in capital flowsbetween countries since 1970s. It has also sparked debate between practitionersand academician in explaining this phenomenon. Against this backdrop, thisliterature review tries to explain the theoretical foundation of the financialglobalization using liberal and Keynesian perspective. This literature finds thatboth perspectives are well-argued and the debate reaches an inconclusivity. Thisliterature also finds that most of the writings about globalization in developingcountries focus on the cause and effect of that particular phenomenon.]"

"Studi ini menganalisis pengaruh dari korupsi dan utang publik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 43 negara berkembang demokratis pada periode 2002- 2021. Estimasi Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG- ARDL) digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat kointegrasi, yaitu hubungan keseimbangan jangka panjang antar variabel, serta dinamika penyesuaian jangka pendek setiap variabel. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang korupsi berdampak merugikan pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun dalam jangka pendeknya berdampak meningkatkan, 'sesaat'. Sebaliknya, utang publik berpengaruh meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang, sehingga utang publik menjadi instrumen pembiayaan alternatif yang penting bagi pembangunan negara-negara berkembang – yang seringkali mengalami defisit anggaran. Analisis kami juga membandingkan dampak korupsi maupun utang publik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi berdasarkan pengelompokkan negara dengan frekuensi tahun pemilu yang tinggi dan rendah. Menunjukkan hasil, bahwa pada kelompok 18 negara dengan frekuensi tahun pemilu yang tinggi, dampak korupsi lebih merugikan dibandingkan pada kelompok 25 negara dengan frekuensi tahun pemilu rendah. Sedangkan dampak utang publik pada dua kelompok negara tidak dapat dibandingkan karena hasil yang tidak signifikan pada sub-sampel 18 negara

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This study analyzes the influence of corruption and public debt on economic growth in 43 democratic developing countries in the period 2002-2021. Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) estimates are used in this research to look at cointegration, namely the long-term equilibrium relationship between variables, as well as the dynamics of adjustments in the short term for each variable. The results show that in the long term corruption has a detrimental impact on economic growth, but in the short term it has a 'momentary' growth impact. On the other hand, public debt has the effect of increasing economic growth in the long term, so public debt becomes an important alternative financing instrument for the development of developing countries - which often experience budget deficits. Our analysis also compares the impact of corruption and public debt on economic growth based on groupings of countries with high and low frequency of election years. The results show that in the group of 18 countries with a high frequency of election years, the impact of corruption is worse than in the group of 25 countries with a low frequency of election years. Meanwhile, the impact of public debt on the two groups of countries cannot be compared because the results are not significant in the sub-sample of 18 countries."

"[This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows.;This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows;This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows;This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows.

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Tesis ini meneliti tentang faktor-faktor yang menentukan arus masuk penanaman modal asing langsung di negara-negara maju dan negara-negara berkembang dengan menggunakan analisa data panel. Penelitian ini menggunakan data 27 negara maju dan 43 negara berkembang selama periode 1998 sampai dengan 2011. Variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah arus masuk penanaman modal asing per kapita. Sebagai variabel penjelas utama adalah tarif pajak penghasilan perusahaan. Sedangkan sebagai variabel penjelas tambahan adalah produk domestik bruto per kapita, tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan, upah minimal riil, populasi dan produksi energy. Berdasarkan pengukuran menggunakan random effect model diperoleh hasil bahwa pajak berpengaruh negative terhadap arus investasi asing namun tidak signifikan. Selain itu, jumlah populasi, upah minimum serta produksi energy juga berpengaruh negatif. Sebaliknya, PDB per kapita dan tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan berpengaruh positif terhadap arus masuk penanaman modal asing., This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows

in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes

data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998

to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory

variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs

GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum

wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of

natural resources.

Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main

explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant

even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage,

and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On

the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI

inflows]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh implementasi e-government terhadap persepsi korupsi di negara berkembang wilayah Asia Pasifik. Transparansi sebagai salah satu prinsip Good Governance diharapkan dapat menjadi alat pemberantasan korupsi yang efektif di wilayah tersebut. Egovernment dalam penelitian ini menggunakan E-government Development Index EGDI yang diterbitkan United Nations. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 23 negara dengan 109 observasi periode tahun 2010 hingga 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-government memberi pengaruh negatif signifikan pada negara dengan tingkat implementasi e-government yang lebih tinggi. Hasil tersebut menjadi masukan bagi negara-negara berkembang Asia Pasifik untuk segera meningkatkan implementasi e-government-nya agar upaya pemberantasan korupsi dapat berjalan maksimal.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of e-government implementation on corruption perception level in Asia Pacific developing countries. Transparency, one of good governance principles, is expcted to become an effective tool to curb corruption. e-government in this study is measured by e-government Development Index EGDI composed by United Nations. The sample consists of 23 countries with 109 observations, covering the period from year 2010 2015. The result reveals that e-government has negative effect on corruption when e-government implementation level is high.

Using three sub components of EGDI, it found that the telecommunication infrastructure index has negative effect on corruption. The result is clearly important to bring awareness to developing countries in Asia Pacific region to move forward their e-governments implementation and telecommunication infrastructure to the next level as one of the effective anti corruption strategies."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari Foreign Direct Invesment (FDI) dan kualitas institusi terhadap human capital di negara-negara berkembang. Selain itu, peneltitian ini juga menguji dampak dari interaksi FDI dengan kualitas institusi terhadap human capital negara-negara berkembang. Data yang digunakan merupakan data dari 80 negara berkembang di Dunia dari tahun 2002-2018. Dimensi human capital yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah pendidikan, dengan lebih spesifik yaitu school enrollment rate untuk tingkatan primary, secondary dan tertiary. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi panel data menggunakan metode estimasi Twostep system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). Hasil dari estimasi model penelitian menunjukkan bahwa FDI, institusi, interaksi FDI dengan kualitas institusi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap school enrollment rate, namun hasilnya berbeda pada masing-masing tingakatan. FDI dan interaksi FDI dengan Institusi berepangaruh positif dan signifikan pada tingkatan secondary dan tertiary. Sedangkan kualitas institusi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada tingkatan primary enrollment rate.

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This study aims to determine the impact of FDI and Institutional Quality on human capital in developing countries. In addition, this research also examines the impact of the interaction of FDI with Institutional Quality on the human capital of developing countries. The data used is data from 80 developing countries in the world from 2002-2018. The dimension of human capital used in this research is education with a more specific school enrollment rate for primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The method used in this study is panel data regression using the Twostep system Generelize Method of Moment (GMM) estimation method. The results of the research model estimation show that FDI, institution quality, FDI interaction with Institution quality have a positive and significant effect on school enrollment rate, but the results are different at each level. FDI and the interaction of FDI with institutional quality have a positive and significant effect at the secondary and tertiary levels. Meanwhile, institutional quality has a positive and significant effect on the primary enrollment rate."