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"Why did the people of the Zambesi Delta affected by severe flooding return early to their homes or even choose to not evacuate? How is the forced resettlement of small-scale farmers living along the foothills of an active volcano on the Philippines impacting on their day-to-day livelihood routines? Making sense of such questions and observations is only possible by understanding how the decision-making of societies at risk is embedded in culture, and how intervention measures acknowledge, or neglect, cultural settings. The social construction of risk is being given increasing priority in understand how people experience and prioritize hazards in their own lives and how vulnerability can be reduced, and resilience increased, at a local level.Culture and Disasters adopts an interdisciplinary approach to explore this cultural dimension of disaster, with contributions from leading international experts within the field. Section I provides discussion of theoretical considerations and practical research to better understand the important of culture in hazards and disasters. Culture can be interpreted widely with many different perspectives; this enables us to critically consider the cultural boundedness of research itself, as well as the complexities of incorporating various interpretations into DRR. If culture is omitted, related issues of adaptation, coping, intervention, knowledge and power relations cannot be fully grasped. Section II explores what aspects of culture shape resilience? How have people operationalized culture in every day life to establish DRR practice? What constitutes a resilient culture and what role does culture play in a society’s decision making? It is natural for people to seek refuge in tried and trust methods of disaster mitigation, however, culture and belief systems are constantly evolving. How these coping strategies can be introduced into DRR therefore poses a challenging question. Finally, Section III examines the effectiveness of key scientific frameworks for understanding the role of culture in disaster risk reduction and management. DRR includes a range of norms and breaking these through an understanding of cultural will challenge established theoretical and empirical frameworks."

"Erupsi Gunung Merapi pada tahun 2010 membawa dampak kerusakan yang luas di daerah Kabupaten Sleman, khususnya Desa Argomulyo, kecamatan Cangkringan. Tak ingin dampak tersebut terulang kembali, Pemerintah mengeluarkan program Desa Tangguh Bencana yang ditujukan agar masyarakat memiliki kapasitas dalam mengurangi resiko bencana diwilayahnya. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk menganalisis implementasi pengurangan resiko bencana pemerintah berbasis masyarakat melalui Program Desa Tangguh bencana di Desa Argomulyo, Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, serta pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dengan stakeholders terkait di Desa Argomulyo, Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian implementasi program Desa Tangguh Bencana di Desa Argomulyo menunjukkan adanya pola sinergitas multistakeholders baik Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Sleman, Non-Governmental Organization/Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat, maupun masyarakat setempat yang tergabung dalam komunitas relawan Forum Pengurangan Resiko Bencana Desa Argomulyo. Dalam interaksi antar aktor tersebut, masyarakat Desa Argomulyo tidak lagi menjadi obyek, namun pelaku utama yang bergerak dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) dalam upaya pengurangan resiko bencana di wilayahnya dengan keaktifannya menangani sejumlah bencana serta meningkatkan kapasitasnya melalui berbagai pelatihan dan simulasi kebencanaan. Meskipun demikian, dalam implementasi program tersebut juga menemui kendala seperti minimnya pendanaan, terlebih dengan tidak adanya keterlibatan peran dari sektor swasta. Disamping itu, perlu juga menemukan pendekatan dalam menjaga antusiasme masyarakat terhadap kegiatan pelatihan simulasi.

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The eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010 brought widespread damage to the Sleman Regency, especially Argomulyo Village. Government issued a program called Desa Tangguh Bencana to improve the ability or capacity of the local community to reduce the risk of disasters in their areas. The purpose of the study was to analyze the implementation of community-based disaster risk reduction through Desa Tangguh Bencana Program in Argomulyo Village. This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach, as well as data collection conducted through interviews with relevant stakeholders in Argomulyo Village. The results of this research show a pattern of multistakeholder interaction between Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Sleman, Non-Governmental Organizations, and local communities. In the interaction between these actors, the people of Argomulyo Village are no longer the objects of the program, but the main actors in the program to reduce disaster risk in their area by actively handling a number of disasters and increasing their capacity through various training and disaster simulations. However, in the implementation of the program also encountered obstacles such as lack of funding and maintaining the enthusiasm of the local community."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang asesmen kapasitas penanggulangan bencana partisipatif di Kabupaten Flores Timur, provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dengan menggunakan instrumen kaji Local Government Self Assessment Tool (LGSAT). Instrumen ini mengukur kapasitas penanggulangan bencana yang secara kolaboratif dimiliki oleh pemangku kepentingan kebencanaan di Kabupaten Flores Timur termasuk pemerintah, lembaga non pemerintah dan masyarakat. Karena sifatnya yang partisipatif maka penilaian tersebut dikonsultasikan bersama dan ditetapkan bersama oleh para pemangku kepentingan kebencanaan di Flores Timur. Hasil analisa memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat beberapa indikator esensi ketangguhan bencana yang masih perlu ditingkatkan kapasitasnya. Instrumen LGSAT yang digunakan juga perlu disesuaikan dengan konteks dan pemahaman di masyarakat.

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The research is focused on disaster management participatory capacity assessment in East Flores District, using the Local Government Self Assessment Tool (LGSAT). This tool was used to assess the capacity on disaster management which collaboratively done by various stakeholders in East Flores. Since this was a participatory process, the assessment result was jointly discussed and agreed by all the stakeholders.

The result showed that some indicators from 10 Resiliency Essentials still need to be improved. It is suggested that the LGSAT instrument used in this assessment need to be adjusted with local context and understanding of the community."

"This book provides insight on how disaster risk management can increase the resilience of society to various natural hazards. The multi-dimensionality of resilience and the various different perspectives in regards to disaster risk reduction are taken explicitly into account by providing studies and approaches on different scales and ranging from natural science based methods to social science frameworks. For all chapters, special emphasis is placed on implementation aspects and specifically in regards to the targets and priorities for action laid out in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. The chapters provide also a starting point for interested readers on specific issues of resilience and therefore include extensive reference material and important future directions for research."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang implementasi kebijakan yang dituangkan dalam Sistem Penanggulangan Bencana pada penanganan bencana erupsi gunung Sinabung di Kabupaten Karo, provinsi Sumatera Utara. Banyaknya terjadi bencana dan khususnya jumlah gunung api aktif di Indonesia yang mencapai 122 gunung aktif, harus di sikapi dengan pembuatan kebijakan.Penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis implementasi George Edward III, yang terdiri dari faktor komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan struktur birokrasi. Kebijakan penanggulangan bencana yakni Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2007 yang di tuangkan dalam Sistem Penanggulangan Bencana harus dilakukan di semua daerah. Sistem penanggulangan bencana ini terdiri dari enam aspek, yaitu (1) aspek legislasi, (2) aspek kelembagaan, (3) aspek perencanaan, (4) aspek pendanaan/penganggaran, (5) aspek pengembangan kapasitas dan (6) aspek penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana. Sistem penanggulangan bencana yang akan dianalisis adalah (1) aspek legislasi, (2) aspek kelembagaan, (3) aspek perencanaan, (4) aspek pendanaan (5) aspek penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data primernya menggunakan wawancara.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan bencana melalui sistem penanggulangan bencana daerah masih buruk, aspek legislasi, aspek kelembagaan, aspek perencanaan, aspek pendanaan, dan aspek penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana belum bisa dilaksanakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor disposisi pemerintah menjadi faktor paling dominan yang mempengaruhi faktor-faktor lainnya.

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This thesis discusses the implementation of the policies outlined in the Disaster Management System in the handling of the eruption of Mount Sinabung in Karo, North Sumatra province. The number of disasters and in particular the number of active volcanoes in Indonesia which reaches 122 active volcanoes, must be take action with policy making.

This study uses implementation analysis model of George Edward III, which consists of factors communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. Disaster management policies that Act No. 24 of 2007 which showcased the Disaster Management System should be made in all areas. The disaster management system consists of six aspects, namely (1) the aspect of legislation, (2) institutional aspects, (3) aspects of planning, (4) the aspect of funding / budgeting, (5) and capacity development aspects (6) aspects of disaster management , Disaster management system that will be analyzed are: (1) aspects of legislation, (2) institutional aspects, (3) aspects of planning, (4) financing aspect (5) aspects of disaster management. This study used a qualitative approach. The primary data collection techniques using interviews.

Based on the research results, the implementation of disaster management policies through local disaster management system is still bad, legislative aspects, institutional aspects, aspects of planning, financing aspects, and aspects of disaster management cannot be implemented. The results showed that the government dispositions factors become the most dominant factor that affecting other factors."

"Disaster diplomacy merupakan salah satu jenis diplomasi baru yang berkembang pesat setelah Turki dan Yunani mengalami perbaikan hubungan akibat pemberian bantuan kepada satu sama lain ketika terjadi gempa pada 1999. Akan tetapi, implementasi disaster diplomacy tidak selalu berjalan mulus, seperti yang terjadi pada kasus India-Pakistan ketika gempa bumi 2005 terjadi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis resistensi pada implementasi disaster diplomacy melalui studi kasus pemberian bantuan oleh India kepada Pakistan ketika gempa bumi 2005 terjadi. Dalam melakukan analisis, penulis menggunakan teori Complex Adaptive System (CAS) untuk menganalisis aspek kebencanaan dan beberapa faktor lainnya sebagai aspek non-kebencaan. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik studi literatur dan wawancara dalam mengumpulkan data. Berdasakan analisis yang dilakukan, penulis menemukan setidaknya 9 penyebab resistensi disaster diplomacy India-Pakistan pada gempa bumi 2005. Salah satunya adalah tren hubungan kedua negara yang dipenuhi rasa curiga dan prasangka. Penulis juga membuktikan bahwa resistensi pada aspek kebencanaan terjadi dikarenakan aspek non-kebencanaan.

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Disaster diplomacy is a new type of diplomacy that developed rapidly after Turkey and Greece rapprochement due to providing assistance to one another when the earthquake occurred in 1999. However, the implementation of disaster diplomacy did not always run smoothly, as happened in the case of India-Pakistan during 2005 earthquake. This paper aims to analyze the resistance on the implementation of disaster diplomacy through the case of relief assistance provided by India to Pakistan when the earthquake hit in 2005. In conducting the analysis, the writer uses Complex Adaptive System theory to analyze the disaster aspects and several other factors of non-disaster aspects. The author uses qualitative method and literature review as well as interview to collect data. Based on the analysis conducted using the framework, the author found at least 9 causes of resistance on the implementation of India-Pakistan disaster diplomacy during 2005 earthquake. One of them is the relations between the two countries filled with suspicion and prejudice. The author also proves that resistances to the disaster aspect occur due to the non-disaster aspect."

"Psikolog sosial dan pakar kepribadian telah membahas bahwa pemahaman kita terhadap perilaku prososial, terutama setelah bencana alam, akan diperkuat dengan memeriksa tingkat empathy dan agreeableness orang. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengembangkan literatur sebelumnya tentang empathy dan agreeableness pada perilaku prososial. Sampel dari 327 anggota komunitas menyelesaikan survei online yang mengukur empati, keramahan, dan perilaku membantu bencana alam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bantuan bencana alam didorong oleh tingkat empathy dan agreeableness yang tinggi. Diskusi dilakukan pada implikasi dari hasil ini dan pemanfaatannya. Makalah ini menggunakan istilah “bantuan bencana alam” dan “perilaku prososial” secara bergantian. Psikolog sosial dapat menggunakan hasil penelitian ini untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengapa manusia melakukan perilaku prososial dengan memahami berbagai faktor seperti empathy dan agreeableness.

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Social psychologists and personality experts have discussed that, our comprehension towards prosocial behaviour, especially after natural disasters, will be strengthened by examining people’s degree of empathy and agreeableness. The present study intents on developing previous literatures regarding empathy and agreeableness on prosocial behaviour. A sample of 327 community members completed an online survey measuring empathy, agreeableness, and natural disaster helping behaviour. Results demonstrated that natural disaster helping is driven by high levels of empathy and agreeableness. Discussions were made on the implications of these results and their utilizations. This paper uses “natural disaster helping” and “prosocial behaviour interchangeably”. The results of this study could be used by social psychologists to understand further why humans carry out prosocial behaviours by understanding different factors such as empathy and agreeableness."

"This edition provides practitioners and students with a comprehensive understanding of the disaster management profession by utilizing a global perspective and including different sources of risk and vulnerability, systems that exist to manage hazard risk and the many different stakeholders involved. It examines the impact of many recent large-scale and catastrophic disaster events on countries and communities, as well as their influence on disaster risk reduction efforts worldwide. It also expands coverage of small-island developing states (SIDS) and explores the achievements of the United Nations Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015) and the priorities for action in the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction currently under development. It provides updated statistics on disaster frequency and impact and presents information on multilateral emergency management agreements as well as profiles of important NGOs and international organizations. --"