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"Many freshwater ecosystems are currently threatened by increasing salinity caused by both natural occurance human induced salinity."

"[Udang kering adalah sumber daya alam Indonesia yang mudah diperoleh dan didugamengandung kalsium yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuikadar kalsium udang (Macrobrachium sp.) dan pengaruh metode preparasi (ovendan non oven) dan isolasi (pengocokan, digesti asam, dan pengabuan) terhadappengukuran kadar kalsium menggunakan AAS dan ISE. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan kadar kalsium tertinggi diperoleh dengan metode isolasi digesti asam,yaitu 7.749 ppm (oven) dan 8.853 ppm (non oven). Terdapat perbedaan hasilpengukuran kalsium antar metode preparasi dan antar metode isolasi. Metodepreparasi berkorelasi kuat dengan hasil pengukuran kalsium. (r2=0,878; p<0,05);Dried shrimps is one of Indonesia?s natural resources which easily obtained andassumed to contain high calcium. This research aims to know the calcium level inMacrobrachium sp. and the effects of preparation (oven and non oven) and isolation(dilution, acid digestion, and ashing) methods in calcium level measurement by AASand ISE. Results showed that the highest calcium level was obtained by aciddigestion isolation which are 7,749 ppm (oven) and 8,853 ppm (non oven). Therewere calcium level differences between preparation methods, and among isolationmethods. Preparation methods have strong correlation with calcium levelmeasurement. (r2=0.878, p<0.05), Dried shrimps is one of Indonesia’s natural resources which easily obtained andassumed to contain high calcium. This research aims to know the calcium level inMacrobrachium sp. and the effects of preparation (oven and non oven) and isolation(dilution, acid digestion, and ashing) methods in calcium level measurement by AASand ISE. Results showed that the highest calcium level was obtained by aciddigestion isolation which are 7,749 ppm (oven) and 8,853 ppm (non oven). Therewere calcium level differences between preparation methods, and among isolationmethods. Preparation methods have strong correlation with calcium levelmeasurement. (r2=0.878, p<0.05)]"

"Penelitian mengenai penilaian kualitas perairan Situ Agathis Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok, Jawa Barat telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober--November 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji penggunaan makro invertebrata yang bersifat perifitik untuk menilai kualitas perairan Situ Agathis. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive random sampling, mengambil tumbuhan yang terdapat pada kolom air di stasiun inlet, midlet dan outlet serta melakukan pengukuran parameter lingkungan. Sampel yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Family Biotic Index FBI, indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener, dan indeks Dominansi Simpson. FBI digunakan untuk mengujikualitas air berdasarkan nilai toleransi dari tiap family, dan nilai FBI Situ Agathis adalah 6,71 yang termasuk kedalam perairan berkualitas buruk dengan tingkat pencemaran berat. Indeks keanekaragaman H' pada Situ Agathis adalah 1,93 tergolong keanekaragaman sedang yang artinya jumlah individu tidak seragam dannilai dominansi Situ Agathis sekitar 0,21.yang menunjukan tidak terdapatnya jenismakroinvertebrata yang dominan di Situ Agathis karena nilai dominansi beradadibawah 0,5.

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A research of Water Quality Assessment in Situ Agathis, Universitas Indonesia,Depok has been done from October November 2016. The reasearch was aimed toidentify and analyze the use of perifitic macroinvertebrates for assesing waterquality of Situ Agathis. Macroinvertebrates samples were taken using purposiverandom method by collecting plants sampel in three different stations inlet,midlet, and outlet of Situ Agathis, along with measurement of physical andchemical parameters. Macroinvertebrates sampel were identified and analyzedusing Family Biotic Index FBI , Shannon Wiener diversity index, and Simpson 39 sdominance index. The FBI value of Situ Agathis were classified as poor qualitywith score 6.71. The biodiversity index value of Situ Agathis was 1.93 andclassified as moderate diversity. The dominancy index of Situ Agathis was 0.21,and it indicated that there was no dominancy among macroinvertebrates familyfound in Situ Agathis."

"Penelitian mengenai kualitas air di Saluran Tarum Barat dilakukan di tiga stasiun yang merepresentasikan bagian awal, tengah, dan akhir pada bulan Februari hingga Mei 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari Saluran Tarum Barat dengan menggunakan makroinvertebrata bentik sebagai bioindikator melalui metode Biological Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon BMWP-ASPT. Tidak hanya sampel makorinvertebrata, parameter lingkungan juga turut diukur. Hasil penelitian diperoleh enam famili makroinvertebrata yaitu Naucoridae, Viviparidae, Parathelphusidae, Pisauridae, Palaemonidae, dan Thiaridae. Famili Parathelphusidae dan Pisauridae tidak terdapat dalam daftar skoring BMWP. Saluran Tarum Barat memiliki rentang nilai ASPT 4,25-4,5 yang termasuk dalam kategori tercemar sedang.

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An assessment of water quality in Saluran Tarum Barat has been conducted at three stations representing the beginning, middle, and end of the canal from February until May 2017. This research aimed to determine the quality of Saluran Tarum Barat using benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicator through Biological Monitoring Working Party Average Score Per Taxon BMWP ASPT method. Not only samples of organisms were taken, but environmental parameter also measure.

The results obtained were six families of macroinvertebrates namely Naucoridae, Viviparidae, Parathelphusidae, Pisauridae, Palaemonidae, and Thiaridae. However, Parathelphusidae and Pisauridae families are not covered in BMWP scoring list. Saluran Tarum Barat has ASPT range from 4,25 ndash 4,5 which categorized as moderate pollution."

"ABSTRAKDi Universitas Indonesia UI terdapat enam situ yang mengalami penurunan kualitas air dari tahun ke tahun. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat secara kasat mata, pada perubahan warna air, bau, dan banyaknya limbah padat yang berada di situ yang berasal dari luar UI. Penurunan kualitas air tersebut salah satunya disebabkan oleh perubahan tata guna lahan di Daerah Tangkapan Air situ UI. Penelitian sebelumnya menguji kondisi perairan dengan Parameter biologis menggunakan makroinvertebrata sebagai penilaian situ, menghasilkan hipotesa bahwa kondisi sempadan situ UI yang paling mempengaruhi keberagaman dan kelimpahan makroinvertebrata Fadillah, 2017 . Pada penelitian ini ingin membuktikan pengaruh karakteristik sempadan terhadap makroinvertebrata menggunakan Tropical Rapid Appraisal Riparian Condition TRARC Version 1 untuk sempadan, serta indeks Average Score Per Taxon ASPT untuk makroinvertebrata, hasilnya terbukti bahwa nilai kondisi sempadan mempengaruhi keberagaman dan kelimpahan makroinvertebrata, hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil R 0,1 ndash; 0,7 dengan hasil korelasi 0,1 ndash; 0,5 dan nilai tekanan sempadan juga mempengaruhi keberagaman dan kelimpahan makroinvertebrata, hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil R 0,01 ndash; 0,6 dengan hasil korelasi 0,05 ndash; 0,6.

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ABSTRACTAt the University of Indonesia UI there are six situ water quality decreased from year to year. This can be seen in plain view, on the change of water color, odor, and the amount of solid waste that is in situ that comes from outside the UI. The decrease of water quality is one of the reasons caused by land use change in UI Water Catchment Area. Previous studies examined the condition of waters with biological parameters using macroinvertebrates as a situational assessment, resulting in the hypothesis that the conditions of the UI border most affect the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates Fadillah, 2017 . In this study to prove the effect of border characteristics on macroinvertebrates using Tropical Rapid Appraisal Riparian Condition TRARC Version 1 for the border, and the Average Score Per Taxon ASPT index for macroinvertebrates, the result proves that the value of border conditions affects the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates, evidenced from the results of R 0.1 0.7 with the correlation results 0.1 0.5 and the value of border pressure also affects the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrata, this is evidenced from the results of R 0.01 0.6 with correlation result 0,05 0,6."

"The information on fish fauna in Belitung Island is still lacking. The study of ichthyofauna of Belitung Island was conducted in Pebruary-March 2002 and August 2003, using survey methods. The aims of studies are to know species richness, potency, local distribution, and related aspects. The results were recorded 60 species belonging to 27 families. Cyprinidae is dominant family with 13 species. The fishes were found almost have potency of ornamental fish. It was found that Eirmotus octzona, Acanthopsoides robertsi, Pangio shelfordii, Silurichthys hasseltii, Parakysis verrucosa, and Gymnochanda filamentosa extend their range to Belitung (new record for Belitung). Status, potency and utilization of fishes, new records distribution of geography, social economic and conservation aspects are represented in this paper. The information about freshwater fishes from Belitung Island is still rare. Last information was reported by de Beaufort in 1939. The objective of the research is to reveal the diversity of fishes in Belitung Island and to reveal their potency and utilization, distribution, abundance, and related aspect for their management and conservation. The research was conducted at Belitung Island, Province Archipelago of Bangka Belitung, between 2002 and 2003. Location of research in Lenggang River, Buding, Balok, Kembiri, Pala, and Air Raya Gunung Tajam. Survey method is used in this research. Specimens were collected from 21 location in six rivers by electrofishing (12 volt), gillnet (mesh size ½', ¾', and 1'), cast net, and hook. Fish specimens were fixed by using formalin 10% then soaked in alcohol 70%. All specimens are deposited at Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, as permanent collections. Fish identification was based on Weber and de Beaufort (1916; 1936; 1953; 1965), Inger & Chin (1962), Roberts (1989), Kottelat et al. (1993), and Eschmeyer (1998). In general, these established localities followed the variety of the landscape available such as: primary forest, secondary forest, 'kerangas' forest, agroforestry, villages, and estuary environments. Informal interview was conducted with the villagers especially with those who were familiar with fishing activities. There results were recorded 60 species belonging to 27 families. Cyprinidae is dominant family with 13 species. The fishes were found almost have potency of ornamental fish. It was found that Eirmotus octozona, Acanthopsoides robertsi, Pangio shelfordii, Silurichthys hasseltii, Parakysis verrucosa, and Gymnochanda c.f. filamentosa extend their range to Belitung (new record for Belitung). There were Tengkelesa'/Arwana (Scleropages formosus) in Lenggang River. According to the CITES, Tengkelesa' status is in Appendix I with a note captivity in Appendix II. Scleropages formosus has been protected by regulation, while according to the Governmental Legislation No.7 in 1999. Lenggang River is one of the largest water catchment area in Belitung Island. It has much more variation of riparian habitat than the other river. The number of species and family fish decreased closer to the river mouth. Factor which may influence this are the presence of plant material, the presence of a shading canopy, and the presence dam. The range of local distribution is 0,64-5,13%. Puntius gemellus is widest distributed and most abundanced. Segment of Lenggang River would conserve the continuing populations of Scleropages formosus. This habitat establishing small harverst reserves or fishery reserves (called 'Suaka Perikanan), where local community could manage this reservat could be perfomed. Activities related to this conservation habitat, controlled fishing activity or environmentally sound fishing should be encouraged. In line with the effort to increase individual income in the area, segment of the river from the mouth of the river could function as scientific and/ or adventurous tourism."

"Akhir-akhir ini ikan dari perairan darat Indonesia sudah jarang ditemukan di pasaran, kalaupun ada harganya akan sangat mahal. Selain produksinya yang menunan terus, ukurannya pun jarang yang besar. Keadaan ini menjadi suatu tanda bahwa ikan air tawar yang hidup sekarang ini di perairan darat Indonesia tidak lagi memiliki kesempatan untuk tumbuh dan berkembang.Keadaan ini menyadarkan manusia untuk dapat memenuhi kembali kebutuhannya serta menyediakan kembali ketersediaan sumberdaya ikan dengan mengusa fakan budidayanya. Odum (1971) mengemukakan bahwa bila populasi alam dimanfaatkan sampai batasnya, dan berkurang karena pengambilan ikan yang melampaui batas, maka tentu saja perhatian akan beralih kepada pemeliharaan ikan, atau budidaya air, terutama karena budidaya semacam itu dapat merupakan cara yang efisien untuk memproduksi pangan protein.Budidaya diharapkan dapat menghasilkan produksi yang selalu meningkat sehingga selain dapat menyediakan kebutuhan protein ikan sehari-hari juga dapat menjaga kelestarian dari keanekaragaman hayati ikan air tawar.Khususnya di Ibun, salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Bandung, masyarakat telah sejak dulu ikut berperanserta dalam pembudidayaan ikan air tawar. Namun, peranserta yang selama ini ada hanya terkait dengan kegiatan pemanfaatan dan berorientasi pada ekonomi tanpa memperhatikan kelestarian ikan air tawar. Maka, diperlukan peranserta yang aktif dari masyarakat pembudidaya ikan air tawar dalam hal perlindungan, pelestarian dan pemanfaatan secara lestari terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas ikan air tawar.Berdasarkan uraian di etas, maka yang pertu ditetiti adalah budidaya ikan yang dapat meningkatkan produksi ikan air tawar dan pengaruh peranserta masyarakat dalam budidaya ikan air tawar terhadap kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan bersifat deskriptif analisis. Pemilihan responden sebagai sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penarikan sampel secara acak sederhana. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) yang mencakup perhitungan frekuensi, ANDVA, korelasi, dan chi-square.Hasil penelitan yang dapat dipaparkan adalah:Produksi ikan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh masyarakat yang memiliki sistem budidaya kolam air tenang, setelah itu masyarakat yang memiliki sistem budidaya minapadi, potikultur/tumpangsari, kolam air deras, keramba, dan yang paling sedikit produksinya adalah masyarakat dengan sistem budidaya jaring apung. Jenis ikan yang paling banyak dibudidayakan adalah jenis ikan mas, lale Jumbo, nila, dan ikan nitem.Berdasarkan jawaban dari 120 responden yang diberi kuesioner, sekitar 0,83% memiliki tingkat persepsi sangat baik, 60,83% baik, dan 38,34% memiliki tingkat persepsi cukup. Tingkat peranserta masyarakat masih sangat rendah dengan nilai 85,83%. Tingkat peranserta masyarakat kategori rendah sebanyak 5,87%, cukup 3,33%, dan kategori tinggi hanya sebanyak 4,17%.Setelah melakukan penelitian dan pembahasan terhadap data yang didapatkan, maka ditemukan kesimpulan sebagai berikut:1. Budidaya ikan yang diiakukan masyarakat Desa Lampegan bervariasi dalam sistem budidaya dan jenis ikan. Budidaya yang dilaksanakan terdiri dari pembenihan dan pembesaran ikan. Kesemuanya ini menghasilkan produksi ikan yang meningkat dari waktu ke waktu, bagi pemenuhan konsumsi gizi dan peningkatan pendapatan keluarga.2. Persepsi masyarakat terhadap budidaya ikan sudah cukup tinggi, namun peranserta masyarakat masih sangat rendah. Oleh karena itu belum terlihat ada pengaruh peranserta masyarakat terhadap budidaya yang mereka lakukan selama ini.

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People Participation in Sustainable Freshwater Fish Cultivation (Study Case in Lampegan Village, Ibun Subdistrict, Bandung District, West Java)Recently, fish in the Indonesia's fresh water is rarely found in the market. Because of that, it is very expensive to buy. The production keeps going down and about the size never have a big one. This situation became a sign that freshwater fish in Indonesia's water never have a chance to grow and develop.

This situation realized people to get back to fulfill human needs and to provide fish resources by develop the cultivation. In Odum (1971) explained that if natural population (in this case is fish) is used and reach the limits, people will take many ways to get back to maintain fish or fish cultivation. It is an efficient way to produce protein food.

The cultivation is expected success in production, daily fish protein needs, and conservation. In Ibun, one of the sub Districts of Bandung District, people always participate in freshwater fish cultivation. People participation only connect with economy activity without consider the freshwater fish conservation. Because of that, people in this village should participate actively in freshwater fish by conservation, protection, and sustainable cultivate to get good quality and large quantity of freshwater fish.

The problems of this research are as follows: What kinds of fish cultivation can increase the production of freshwater fish and how the impact of people participation in fish cultivation that can conserve the biodiversity?

The research is using a survey method and type of this research is descriptive analysis. Respondent election as a research sample is using a simple random sample method. Data analysis is using a SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) which includes frequency, ANOVA, correlation, and chi-square calculation.

The results of this research are as follows:

The highest fish production is produced by people who have a quiet pond cultivation system, after that people who has minapadi cultivation system, polyculture / intercropping, fast pond, keramba, and the lower production is produced by people who has a float nit cultivation system. The fish type, which is the most, cultivated, is gold fish, fete freshwater catfish, nila, and nilem.

The questioner is given to 120 respondents. About 0,83% from 120 respondents have a very good perception level, 60,83% has a good perception level, and 38,34% has an enough perception level. The lower people participation level is about 85,83%, low people participation level is about 6,67%, enough people participation level is about 3,33% and the highest participation level is about 4,17%.

The conclusions of this research are as follows:

1. The fish cultivation in Lampegan village is several of cultivation system and fish type. The implementation of cultivation consists of seeding and growing fish. This implementation can produce fish that increases progress. It can increase family income and nutrient needs.

2. The people perception in fish cultivation is high enough, but the people participation is very low. So there is no impact of people participation to fish cultivation in this study area."