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"With a weight-of-the-evidence approach, cancer risk assessment indentifies hazards, determines dose-response relationships, and assesses exposure to characterize the true risk. This book focuses on the quantitative methods for conducting chemical cancer risk assessments for solvents, metals, mixtures, and nanoparticles. It links these to the basic toxicology and biology of cancer, along with the impacts on regulatory guidelines and standards. By providing insightful perspective, Cancer Risk Assessment helps researchers develop a discriminate eye when it comes to interpreting data accurately and separating relevant information from erroneous."

"This first comprehensive treatment of the subject for more than a decade includes the latest research on nanoparticle toxicology. The practical handbook addresses all areas where toxic mixtures are encountered, from environmental via occupational to medical settings, giving special consideration to air and water, and to the specific requirements for study design in mixture toxicology. While no extensive prior knowledge or toxicological experience is required, the practice-oriented case studies and examples in the second part make this the ideal companion for the professional toxicologist in industry or healthcare institutions with little time for academic study."

"Banyak kota-kota didunia dilanda oleh permasalahan lingkungan, paling tidak adalah semakin memburuknya kualitas udara yang terpapar oleh polusi udara saat ini merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan kota-kota seluruh dunia. Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) memasukkan 5 kota besar di Indonesia dalam hasil pemantauan polusi udara 1.082 kota di 91 negara. Jakarta menempati peringkat ke-238 dengan kadar PM10 sebesar 43 mikrogram/m3. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis besar risiko kesehatan pajanan PM10, SO2 dan NO2 pada hari kerja, hari libur dan Hari Bebas Kendaraan Bermotor (HBKB) pada populasi tukang ojek, PKL, petugas parkir, petugas satuan pengamanan dan polisi lalu lintas yang berjumlah 59 orang di wilayah Bundaran HI Jl. MH Thamrin Jakarta. Desain studi penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKL). Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai RQ untuk risk agent PM10 beresiko terhadap kesehatan populasi sampel baik perhitungan real time maupun life span.

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Many cities in the world beset by environmental problems, at least the worsening of air quality that are exposed by the current of air pollution is an integral part of the life of cities around the world. World Health Organization (WHO) includes 5 major cities in Indonesia in 1082 the results of monitoring of air pollution in 91 countries. Jakarta is ranked 238 with PM10 levels by 43 mikrogram/m3. The aim of this study is to analyze the big risk of PM10, SO2 and NO2 health exposure in weekdays, weekend, and free day car with 59 of motorcycle taxi drivers, cadgers, parkers, guards, and traffic polices in Bundaran HI Jl. MH Thamrin Jakarta area as the population. The design of study uses environmental health risk analysis method. The result of the study shows that in real time or life span calculation RQ value for risk agent PM10 is risky for the population health."

"Kegiatan produksi tomat tidak terlepas dari penggunaan pestisida jenis profenofos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko kesehatan akibat konsumsi tomat yang mengandung residu profenofos di Desa Cikandang Kecamatan Cikajang Kabupaten Garut. Metode penelitian adalah observasional study dengan rancangan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan. Konsentrasi profenofos tertinggi yaitu sampel II yaitu 0,189 mg/kg, dan konsentrasi rata-rata yaitu 0,129 mg/kg. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka konsentrasi profenofos dalam sayur tomat telah melewati batas normal menurut EPA (2006) yaitu 0,00005 mg/kg/h . Hasil menunjukkan untuk RQ non karsinogenik dari kelima dusun yang diteliti semuanya memiliki risiko untuk terkena penyakit. Sehingga manajemen pengurangan risiko kesehatan perlu dilakukan.

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Tomato production is inseparable from pesticide use type of profenofos. This research aims to know the health risks resulting from the consumption of tomatoes containing residues of profenofos in Cikandang village of Cikajang sub-district of Garut. The research method is the observational study with the draft Environmental Health Risk Analysis. The highest concentration of profenofos i.e. sample II IE 0.189 mg/kg, and average concentrations i.e. 0.129 mg/kg. Based on those results then the concentration of profenofos in vegetable tomato has gone through the normallimit according to EPA (2006) is 0.00005 mg/kg/day. The results show for the non carcinogenic RQ of Hillbilly who examined all have the risk to be exposed to the disease. Health risk reduction management so that needs to be done."

"Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) pembuatan alas kaki berperan penting dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia, namun sayangnya peran UMKM tersebut masih belum diimbangi dengan perlindungan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) kepada para pekerjanya. Setiap hari para pekerja di UMKM pembuatan alas kaki terpajan dengan berbagai bahan kimia baik melalui inhalasi maupun dermal yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan, iritasi mata dan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kesehatan terkait penggunaan bahan kimia pada pekerja di UMKM pembuatan alas kaki di Ciomas Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga UMKM pembuatan alas kaki di Ciomas – Bogor dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dan menggunakan metode Chemical Hazard Risk Assessment dari Department of Safety and Health Malaysia Tahun 2018. Bahan kimia yang dianalisis dibatasi hanya untuk benzene dan toluene. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mix-method, di mana tahap rekognisi bahaya dan evaluasi pajanan melalui dermal dilakukan dilakukan secara kualitatif, sementara evaluasi pajanan melalui inhalasi dilakukan secara kuantitatif berdasarkan pengukuran personal air sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level risiko bahan kimia melalui pajanan inhalasi termasuk kedalam level risiko moderat dan tinggi, di mana pajanan inhalasi yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan efek karsinogenik. Sementara melalui pajanan dermal masuk kedalam level risiko moderat, dengan efek kesehatan yang dapat terjadi yaitu, iritasi kulit dan mata. Tingginya pajanan yang diterima pekerja di UMKM alas kaki diperburuk dengan minimnya pengendalian yang dilakukan UMKM terhadap pajanan bahan kimia.

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Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSME’s) in footwear manufacturing sector contribute to provide jobs in Indonesia, but the role is still not balanced with the protection of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) for workers. Workers are daily exposed to extensive range of potential chemical occupational hazards either through inhalation or dermal which may lead to respiratory problem, eye and skin irritation. The research aimed to analyze health risks related to the use of chemicals among workers in MSME’s in footwear manufacturing. This research was conducted in three MSME’s in Ciomas - Bogor using cross sectional design and the Chemical Health Risk Assessment method by the Department of Safety and Health Malaysia Year 2018. The chemicals analyzed were limited to benzene and toluene. The data collection technique was carried out using mixmethod: qualitative method for hazard recognition and evaluation of exposure through dermal; and quantitative method for evaluation of exposure through inhalation, based on measurement of personal air sampling. The results showed that the level of risk of chemicals through inhalation exposure is included to the level of moderate and high risk, where high exposure can cause carcinogenic effects. While through dermal exposure is included to the level of moderate risk, with health effects that can occur, namely, skin and eye irritation. The high exposure received by workers in MSME footwear is exacerbated by the lack of control by MSMEs on exposure to chemicals."

"Proccedings ot the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Inclusive Approaches to Risk Assessment and Priority Setting for National Environemtnal Health Action Plans, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 15th-20th December 1997"

"PT.X merupakan salah satu perusahaan kimia yang memproduksi bleaching earth dengan komponen utama yang mengandung silika di dalamnya. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran konsentrasi silika, diketahui bahwa terdapat konsentrasi silika dengan mean 0,0018 mg/ di udara lingkungan pekerja bagian Bagging di PT.X. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan memprediksi tingkat risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan silika pada pekerja bagian bagging di PT.X dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) untuk melihat tingkat risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik dan karsinogenik akibat pajanan silika.Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya risiko kesehatan yang ditimbulkan oleh pajanan silika selama 25 tahun mendatang.

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PT.X is one of the chemical company that produces bleaching earth with the main component that consists silica. According to the result of Silica measurement, had been known that there was a silica concentration with mean 0.0018 mg/in the air of bagging area. Therefore this study was conducted to find out and predict the health risk that was caused by silica exposure in bagging area in the PT.X using an environmental health risk analysis method to see the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk due to silica exposure. The result showed that there was a health risk for 25 years of exposure duration caused by silica."