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"Indonesia merupakan negara yang cukup lambat dalam merespons seruan PBB untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan perempuan dalam seluruh proses perdamaian, termasuk dalam operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian. Indonesia membutuhkan waktu tujuh tahun untuk merespons seruan tersebut dengan melakukan pengiriman penjaga perdamaian perempuan. Hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi di tingkat nasional juga membuat pengiriman personel perempuan tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan dalam jumlah yang relatif minim. Kendati demikian, pengiriman penjaga perdamaian perempuan Indonesia mengalami lonjakan peningkatan pada tahun 2015-2021. Lonjakan pengiriman yang terjadi pada tahun 2019 bahkan berhasil membuat Indonesia menduduki peringkat delapan besar negara pengirim penjaga perdamaian perempuan terbanyak di dunia. Menanggapi fenomena tersebut, penelitian ini mempertanyakan mengapa Indonesia meningkatkan pengiriman penjaga perdamaian perempuannya pada tahun 2015-2021. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka analisis kebijakan luar negeri yang turut berusaha mengidentifikasi hubungan antara konsepsi peran nasional dengan kebijakan peningkatan yang diambil. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan peningkatan pengiriman penjaga perdamaian perempuan tersebut merupakan wujud performa peran dari konsepsi peran nasional yang ditampilkan secara dominan oleh Indonesia, yakni konsepsi peran penjaga perdamaian. Kendati demikian, penelitian ini juga menemukan sejumlah konteks lain yang turut berkontribusi dalam mewujudkan peningkatan ini, yaitu komitmen peningkatan pengiriman penjaga perdamaian perempuan yang disampaikan dalam kampanye dan keanggotaan Indonesia di DK PBB, adanya kepentingan birokratik dan dukungan dari aktor-aktor perumus kebijakan pengiriman pasukan Indonesia, dan kehadiran Menteri Luar Negeri yang mampu memberikan dukungan politik yang dibutuhkan untuk merealisasikan kebijakan ini.

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Indonesia has demonstrated a relatively reluctant response to UN calls in increasing the involvement of women in peacekeeping operations. It took seven years for the country to finally send a number of female peacekeepers as a response to the call. Obstacles found at the nation’s deployment mechanism also prevent the country from sending a great number of female peacekeepers. However, a relatively huge increase in the deployment of Indonesian female peacekeepers was apparent in the year 2015 to 2021. The rising number of female peacekeepers deployed in 2019 has even managed to turn Indonesia as the world’s eight largest female troops/police contributing countries (T/PCCs). Therefore, this study inquires why Indonesia has increased the deployment of its female peacekeepers in 2015 to 2021. To answer this question, this study employs an analytical framework of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) which also seeks to trace the relationship between national role conception and the adopted foreign policy. This study finds that the policy of increasing Indonesian female peacekeepers deployment is a form of role performance enacted to Indonesia’s dominant role conception as a defender of peace. However, this research also finds a number of other relevant contexts that have contributed to realizing this policy, namely the commitment to increase Indonesian female peacekeepers deployment as a campaign material and contribution during Indonesia’s non-permanent membership in the UN Security Council, the existence of bureaucratic interests and support from Indonesian troops deployment policy makers, and the presence of a Minister of Foreign Affairs who is able to provide the necessary political support to realize this policy."

"This book assesses the institutional, technical and market constraints as well as opportunities for smallholders, notably, emerging farmers in disadvantaged areas such as the former homelands of South Africa. Emerging farmers are previously disadvantaged black people who started or will start their business with the support of special government programs. Public support programs have been developed as part of the Black Economic Empowerment strategy of the South African government. These programs aim to improve the performance of emerging farmers. This requires, first and foremost, upgrading the emerging farmers skills by providing access to knowledge about agricultural and entrepreneurial practices. To become or to remain good farmers they also need access to suitable agricultural land and sufficient water for irrigation and for feeding their cattle. Finally, for emerging farmers to be engaged in viable farming operations, various factors need to be in place such as marketing and service institutions to give credit for agricultural inputs and investments; input markets for farm machinery, farm implements, fertilizers and quality seeds; and accessible output markets for their end products. This book develops a policy framework and potential institutional responses to unlock the relevant markets for smallholders."