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"Latar Belakang : Penelitian ini menganalisis respons adaptasi jaringan jantung pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten (HHI) pada tikus. Faktor transkripsi HIF-1α penting untuk mengatasi keadaan hipoksia, terdiri atas 2 subunit yaitu HIF-1α dan HIF-1β yang dalam keadaan hipoksia membentuk heterodimer dan mengatur ekspresi sejumlah gen target untuk mengatasi keadaan hipoksia. Hipoksia akan menyebabkan jantung mengalami beban yang meningkat berupa hipertrofi ventrikel. Jantung akan mengatasi keadaan tersebut melalui pembentukan Mb dan BNP-45.Metode : 25 ekor tikus jantan Sprague-Dawley dibagi dalam 5 kelompok dan 4 kelompok dipaparkan HHI menggunakan hypobaric chamber di Lakespra Saryanto TNI AU, selama 50 menit dengan variasi ketinggian, interval intermiten 1 minggu, 4 kali perlakuan (hari 1, 8, 15 dan 22). Dilakukan pengukuran protein HIF-1α dan Mb (ELISA), ekspresi relatif mRNA Mb dan BNP-45 (real time RT-PCR satu langkah).Hasil : Kadar protein HIF-1α meningkat pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik dan terus menurun hingga induksi hipoksia hipobarik intermiten 3 kali (ANOVA, p=0,0437). Ekspresi mRNA dan protein Mb meningkat pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik dan terus menurun hingga induksi hipoksia hipobarik intermiten 3 kali (ANOVA, p=0,0283; 0,0170), dan keduanya berkorelasi kuat (Pearson, r=0,6307). Ekspresi mRNA BNP-45 meningkat pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten 1 kali dan terus menurun hingga induksi hipoksia hipobarik intermiten 3 kali (ANOVA, p=0,0314). Hasil uji korelasi juga menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat antara protein HIF-1α dengan ekspresi mRNA Mb, namun sangat lemah dengan ekspresi mRNA BNP-45.Kesimpulan : Terjadi respons adaptasi HIF-1α, Mb dan BNP-45 pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten pada jantung tikus. Protein HIF-1 meregulasi ekspresi Mb dan BNP-45.

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Background: The study analyzed the adaptive responses of heart tissue after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) in rat. The transcription factor HIF-1 is important to overcome hypoxia condition, which consist of 2 subunits: HIF-1α and HIF-1β in a state of hypoxia form heterodimers and regulate the expression of a number of target genes to overcome hypoxia. Hypoxia, especially continuous one, may lead the heart to hypertroptive state. The heart will overcome the situation through the establishment of Mb and BNP-45.

Methods: Twenty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to IHH in a hypobaric chamber in Indonesian Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, for 50 minutes at various altitudes, 1 week interval for 4 times (day 1, 8, 15 and 22). HIF-1α and Mb protein were measured with ELISA. mRNA expression of Mb and BNP-45 were measured with one step real time RT-PCR.

Results: HIF-1α protein levels increased after induction of hypobaric hypoxia and continues to decrease after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 3 times (ANOVA, p=0.0437). mRNA expression and protein of Mb increased after induction of hypobaric hypoxia and continues to decrease after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 3 times (ANOVA, p=0.0283; 0.0170), and both are strongly correlated (Pearson, r=0.6307). mRNA expression of BNP-45 increased after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 1 time and continues to decrease after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 3 times (ANOVA, p=0.0314). Correlation test results also showed a strong relationship between HIF-1α protein with mRNA expression of Mb, but very weak with mRNA expression of BNP-45.

Conclusions: Adaptive response of HIF-1α, Mb and BNP-45 occurs after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in rat heart. HIF-1 protein regulated the expression of Mb and BNP-45."

"Latar Belakang: Kurkumin diketahui sebagai antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antiproliferatif, dan antiangiogenik, sehingga menjadi salah satu alternatif terapi diabetes tipe 2 dengan menghambat progresifitasnya. Dengan sediaan nanopartikel availibilitasnya semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat adanya efek nanokurkumin terhadap komplikasi diabetes melitus khususnya kardiomiopati yang dinilai dengan ekspresi mRNA B-type natriuretic peptide BNP pada jaringan jantung. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jaringan tersimpan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Jaringan kemudian dibuat menjadi cDNA dari sintesis isolasi RNA jaringan jantung tikus. Diabetes tipe 2 pada tikus dibuat dengan menginjeksikan streptozotocin dan nicotinamide. Nanokurkumin diberikan dalam dosis 100mg/kgBB/hari selama 30 hari. Tingkat ekspresi mRNA BNP-45 diukur dengan qRT-PCR dan dihitung dengan metode Livak. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan ekspresi mRNA BNP-45 pada kelompok DM terhadap kelompok normal. Pemberian nanokurkumin sebanyak 100mg/KgBB selama 30 hari pada kelompok DM NK menghasilkan rasio ekspresi mRNA BNP-45 lebih rendah secara statistik terhadap kelompok DM. Kesimpulan: Nanokurkumin dapat menekan ekspresi mRNA BNP-45 pada jantung tikus yang diinduksi streptozotocin dan nicotinamide pada tingkat dosis 100mg/kgBB/hari selama 30 hari.

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Background: Curcumin is known as anti inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic. Therefore it is promising to become alternative treatment of type 2 diabetic by inhibiting its progressiveness. From previous study, it was reported that bioavailability of curcumin increases in form of nanoparticles. This study was conducted to see the effect of nanacurcumin on cardiomyopathy assessed by the expression of B type natriuretic peptide BNP mRNA in heart tissue.

Method: This experimental study used stored tissue from previous research. Then the tissue changed to cDNA from RNA isolation synthesis of rats heart tissue. The type 2 diabetic in rat was induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Nanocurcumin was given orally at the dose 100mg kgBW day for 30 days. The expression level of BNP 45 mRNA was measured by qRT PCR and calculated by the Livak method.

Result: There was an increased ratio of expression of BNP 45 mRNA in the DM group against the normal group. Nanocurcumin 100mg KgBB administered orally for 30 days in the DM NK group resulted in a statistically lower ration of BNP 45 mRNA expression than the DM Group.

Conclusion: Nanocurcumin may suppress expression of BNP 45 mRNA in the heart of rats induced streptozotocin and nicotinamide at a dose level of 100 mg kgBW day for 30 days."

"Tujuan: Menganalisis ekspresi gen manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) pada jaringan jantung, otak dan darah tikus yang diinduksi hipoksia sistemik.Desain: penelitian eksperimental in vivo dengan menggunakan hewan coba.Metode: Sampe! penelitizm ini adalah 25 ekor tikus jantan strain Sprague Dawley (Rarms novergicus L), yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok: kelompok I tikus tanpa perlakuan hipoksia sebagai kontrol, kelompok II, III, IV dan V adalah kelompok tikus dengan perlakuan hipoksia 10% O2 selama 1, 7, 14 dan 21 hari. Setelah perlakuan tikus dimaiikan, kemudian darah, otak dan jantung tikus diambil untuk diperiksa tingkat ekspresi mRNA dengan menggunakan real time RT PCR dengan pewamaan SYBR green, serta diukur aktivitas spesifik MnSOD dengan menggunakan kit RanSOD® dengan ditambahkan NaCN untuk menghambat aktivitas CuZn SOD.Hasil: Pada hipoksia awa] (1 hari) ekspresi relatif mRNA MnSOD dan aktivitas spesifik MnSOD menunjukkan penurunan di darah dan jantung, sedangkan pada otak tidak te1jadi penurunan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam keadaan hipoksia sistemik perlindungan antioksidan pada otak terjadi lebih awal dibandingkan jantung dan darah. Pada hipoksia awal di jantung dan darah, mulai terjadi peningkatan ROS sehingga aktivitas spesink MnSOD menurun, namun belum dapat menstimulasi peningkatan eksprsi mRNA-nya_ Pada hipoksia I-I4 hari baik ekspresi mRNA maupun aktivitas spesiiik MnSOD pada ketiga jaringan tersebut mengalami peningkatan sejalan dengan lamanya hipoksia. Pada hipoksia lanjut (21 hari) terjadi korelasi negatif antara ekspresi relatif mRNA dngan aktivitas spesiiik MnSOD di jantung dan darah. Hal ini mnmgkin disebabkan karena produksi ROS yang sangat masif, sehingga ekspresi MRNA terus ditingkatkan namun stres oksidatif belum dapat diatasi, sedangkan pada otak fenomena tersebut tidak terjadi. Hal ini diduga karena peningkatan ROS pada hipoksia lanjut masih dapat diatasi dengan aktivitas enzim MnSOD yang tersedia tanpa harus meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA-nya. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa otak cenderung lebih dilindungi dalam keadaan hipoksia sistemik dibandingkan janrung dan darah. Hasil analisis uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ekspresi relatif MRNA dan aktivitas spesifik MnSOD pada induksi hipoksia sistemik pada darah sejalan dengan perubahannya pada jantung dan otak.Kesimpulan: Setiap jaringan mempunyai pola ekspresi gen MnSOD dan aktivitas MnSOD yang berbeda-beda pada kondisi hipoksia. Terdapat perbedaan regulasi ekspresi gen MnSOD antara hipoksia sistemik awal dan lanjut. Pengukuran ekspresi MnSOD (mRNA dan aktivitas spesifik) pada darah dapat sekaligus menggambarkan ekspresi tersebut pada jantung dan otak.

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Background: The aim of this study is to determine the gene expression of manganese supenoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in rat?s heart, brain and blood induced by systemic hypoxia.

Design: This study is an in vivo experimental study.

Method: This study was conducted on 25 male Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus no1°e:~_gicn.s~ L) which were divided into 5 groups and subjected to systemic hypoxia by placing them in hypoxic chamber supplied by 10% O3 for O, l, 7. I4, 2.1 days. respectively. Rats were sacrified after treatment, and the blood. heart and brain were used for measurement of relative mRNA level ofMnSOD with real time RT PCR and measurement of spesitic activity of MnSOD enzyme using RanSOD® kit.

Result: Determination of gene expression of MnSOD (relative mRNA expression and specific activity) in rat blood and heart cells under early hypoxic induction (1 day) resulted in the lower levels compared to the level in control group. After l day of hypoxic induction the gene expression level was then increased and again decreased under very late hypoxic condition (21 days) compared to the control. This suggests that the blood and heart cells at early hypoxia have not enough time to provide more MnSOD enzyme through gene expression to eliminate the sudden accumulation of ROS. In contrast to the results in heart and blood cells. the gene expression of MnSOD in brain cells were demonstrated to be increased since early systemic hypoxia (day I) up to day l4_ and tends to decrease under late hypoxic condition (day 21) although the level still slightly higher compared to the level in control group. Under late hypoxic condition (21 days). the capacity of1VlnSOD to eliminate the accumulated ROS has been saturated as found in brain cells, or even reduced to the lower level than in normal condition as found in blood and heart cells. This study could demonstrate that brain cells have different pattern of gene expression of MnSOD compared to blood and heart cells during several time points of hypoxic induction, particularly at early stage. It should also be considered that the levels of gene expression of MnSOD in each tissue were distinct although measured under the same condition. Analysis of Pearson correlation test shows that pattern of gene expression ot`MnSOD in blood cells is appropriate with the pattern in heart and brain cells under hypoxic condition.

Conclusion: Every tissue has the different pattern of gene expression of MnSOD (relative mRNA expression and specific activity) under hypoxic condition There is different regulation of MnSOD gene expression at early and late hypoxia Analysis gene expression of MnSOD in blood cells could represent the analysis of gene expression of MnSOD in heart and brain cells under hypoxia condition."

"Latar Belakang: Jumlah kematian ibu karena komplikasi selama kehamilan tetap tinggi di seluruh dunia. Hipoksia plasenta diduga mengakibatkan komplikasi seperti penyakit iskemik plasenta (IPD), yang terdiri atas preeklampsia, plasenta abruptio dan pembatasan pertumbuhan intrauterin (IUGR). Selain itu, hipoksia plasenta juga diduga mengakibatkan prematuritas. Beberapa penelitian telah berkembang terhadap penggunaan biomarker untuk mendeteksi hipoksia. Sebuah master pengatur homeostasis oksigen adalah Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1), yang terdiri atas ?oxygen sensor? α-subunit (HIF-1α). HIF-1 mengaktifkan Carbonic Anhydrase-9 (CA9), sehingga mempertahankan cell survival di kondisi hipoksia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi plasenta yang hipoksia dengan mengukur ekspresi relatif mRNA HIF-1α dan mRNA CA9.Metode: Sampel merupakan bahan biologis tersimpan dari jaringan plasenta neonatus hipoksia dan non-hipoksia (n=6) yang disimpan pada suhu -80º C. Untuk melihat ekspresi relatif mRNA HIF-1α dan CA9 digunakan Real time RT-PCR.Hasil dan diskusi: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara ekspresi relatif mRNA HIF-1α (p=0.010) dan CA9 (p=0.001) pada jaringan plasenta neonatus hipoksia dibandingan nonhipoksia. Ekspresi relatif mRNA HIF-1α (0.34) dan CA9 (0.19) lebih rendah di jaringan plasenta neonatus hipoksia dibandingkan dengan non-hipoksia. Hasil ini bertentangan dengan teori bahwa ekspresi seharusnya meningkat pada hipoksia. Namun, terdapat bukti hubungan korelasi antara ekspresi HIF-1α dan CA9 yang kuat dan signifikan (p=0.987).Kesimpulan: Ekspresi HIF-1α dan CA9 di jaringan plasenta neonatus hipoksia lebih rendah dibandingkan non-hipoksia. Terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara ekspresi HIF-1α dan CA9.

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Background: Maternal death numbers due to complications during pregnancy are still high worldwide. Hypoxia of the placenta is suspected to lead to complications such as ischemic placental disease (IPD), comprising of preeclampsia, placental abruption and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Moreover, hypoxia of the placenta is also suspected to lead to prematurity. Research has deviated towards use of biomarkers to detect hypoxia. A master regulator of oxygen homeostasis is Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1), comprising of an ?oxygen sensor? α-subunit (HIF-1α). HIF-1 activates Carbonic Anhydrase-9 (CA9), allowing cell survival under hypoxia. This study aims to detect hypoxic placenta by measuring mRNA relative expression of HIF-1α and CA9.

Method: Samples were maternal placental tissue of hypoxic and non-hypoxic neonates (n=6) stored in -80º C. To measure mRNA relative expression of HIF-1α and CA9 real time RTPCR was used.

Results and discussion: There was a significant difference between mRNA relative expression of HIF-1α (p=0.010) and CA9 (p=0.001) in maternal placental tissue of hypoxic neonates compared to non-hypoxic. mRNA relative expression HIF-1α (0.34) and CA9 (0.19) was lower in maternal placental tissue of hypoxic neonates compared to non-hypoxic. These results oppose the theory that HIF-1α and CA9 mRNA relative expression should increase in hypoxia. However HIF-1α and CA9 mRNA relative expression were strongly correlated in each condition (p=0.987).

Conclusions: The mRNA relative expression of HIF-1α and CA9 in maternal placental tissue of hypoxic neonates was lower compared to non-hypoxic. There was a strong correlation between mRNA relative expression of HIF-1α and CA9."

"Keadaan hipoksia dapat membuat sel melakukan adaptasi melalui ekspresi berbagai macam gen. Banyak gen tersebut adalah gen yang diinduksi oleh suatu faktor transkripsi yang disebut HIF-I HlF-la adalah subunit yang diregulasi oleh kadar oksigen untuk aktifitas faktor transkripsi tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola mRNA HIF 1u dan ekspresi protein HIF-ln pada organ ginjal dari tikus yang mengalami kondisi hipoksia secara sistemik yang terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok berdasarkan lamanya perlakuan (kelompok kontrol, hipoksia 13, 7 dan 14 hari masing-masing 6 ekor tikus) menggunakan Hypoxic Chamber dengan kadar 02 8% dan Nitrogen 92%. Pola mRNA HIF-la dilihat berdasarkan basil RT-PCR dengan membandingksn rasio kelompok nonnoksia dan kelompok hipoksia. Ekspresi protein HIF-1a dilakukan dengan metode Western Blot dengan menggunakan anti HIF-la sebagai antibodi primer.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan ekspresi mRNA HIF-la dibandingkan kontrol pada kelompok hipoksia 1 hari dan diikuti peningkatan pada kelompok hipoksia 3 hari dan mulai mengalami penurunan kembali pada kelompok 7 hari. Sementara protein HIF-la. memperlihatkan terdapatnya peningkatan ekspresi protein HIF-la yang mulai mengalami penurunan pada kelompok hipoksia 14 hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa regulasi H1F-1a terjadi pada tahap transkripsi dan tahap pasca translasi.

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Hypoxia could make cell to adapt trough gene expression. Many of these gene induced by the transcription factor called HIP-1. HIF-I tz is the subunit which regulated by oxygen level to activated the transcription factor.

The aim of this study is to know the pattern of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-Ia (HIP-la) mRNA and HIF-Ia protein Expression of Renal Rat in Systemic Chronic Hypoxia which divided to 5 groups based on the duration of hypoxia (control, I, 3, 7, and I4 days of hypoxia with 6 rats each group ) using hypoxia chamber with 8% oxigen and 92% Nitrogen. The pattern was measure with RT-PCR which combine the ratio of control group and the hypoxic group. The protein expression measure with Western Blot method using anti HIF-l a as 1? antibody.

The result shows that HIP-lo. mRNA expression decrease in 1" day of hypoxia, elevated and reach a peak at 3 days of hypoxia and start to decrease since then. While the HIP-lo. protein shows an increase expression until I4 days of hypoxia which start to decrease. It can be concluded that HIF-la regulation occurs in transcription level and post translation."

"ABSTRACTKondisi hipoksia menyebabkan stabilisasi HIF-1α, yang mengatur ekspresi beberapa gen seperti Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9). CA9 merupakan enzim yang memediasi homeostasis pH melalui reaksi reversibel CO2 dan H2O menjadi HCO3 - and H+.Aktivitas enzim CA pada sel tubulus ginjal yang meningkat seiring dengan kondisi hipoksia menyebabkan peningkatan ion H+ dalam urin. Pada kondisi tersebut, sel tubulus ginjal akan mensekresikan NH3 (amonia) ke dalam cairan tubulus sebagai penyangga sehingga sekresi H+ dari sel tubulus dapat terus berlangsung. NH3 akan bereaksi dengan H+ membentuk NH4 + (amonium). NH3 dihasilkan dari deaminasi glutamin oleh enzim glutaminase yang disintesis di dalam sel tubulus. 25 tikus jantan Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus L.) dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Sebanyak 20 tikus diinduksi dengan hipoksia (O2 10%) sebagai pemicu stabilisasi HIF-1α dan diobservasi selama 1, 3, 5, dan 7 hari pasca induksi. Kelompok kontrol tidak mendapat perlakuan induksi hipoksia. Semua tikus kemudian didekapitasi. Dari sampel ginjal, dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α, CA9, dan Gls1 (dengan real time RT-PCR), protein HIF-1α (dengan ELISA) serta aktivitas enzim CA total dan glutaminase. Ekspresi tertinggi mRNA HIF-1α, dan Gls1 dicapai pada hari ke-5 sedangkan ekspresi tertinggi mRNA CA9, dicapai pada 7 hari pasca induksi hipoksia. Konsentrasi protein HIF-1α sendiri tidak berbeda bermakna untuk semua kelompok. Aktivitas tertinggi enzim CA dan glutaminase dicapai pada kelompok 5 hari. Peningkatan mRNA dan aktivitas CA9 dan Gls1 pada kondisi hipoksia menunjukkan peran penting keduanya dalam menjaga homeostasis pH pada ginjal. Peningkatan mRNA CA9 dan Gls1 juga seiring dengan peningkatan mRNA HIF-1α yang menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi positif antara HIF-1α dengan kedua gen tersebut.

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ABSTRACT

Hypoxia can stabilize HIF-1α, a protein that regulates many of genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, glycolysis, iron metabolism, and cell survival. One of these genes is Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA IX). CA IX is an enzyme which maintains pH homeostasis by converting CO2 and H2O into HCO3 - and H+ ions.

The activity of Carbonic Anhydrase in renal tubulus cell can cause an increase of H+ ion in urine. H+ ion must be buffered to prevent its gradient increase that can obstruct H+ secretion. In kidney, NH3 and H+ play an important role to form NH4 +, so secretion of H+ will be continued for pH homeostasis. Glutaminase function in conversion of glutamine into glutamate and NH3 was observed in this study. The samples were obtained from kidney tissues of rat exposed to chronic systemic hypoxia (O2 10% : N2 90%) for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Expression of HIF-1α, CA9, and Gls1 mRNA were examined by real time RT-PCR. HIF-1α protein was measured using Cusabio® ELISA, as with the specific activity of CA and glutaminase were measured by spectrophotometer. The maximum levels of HIF-1α and Gls1 mRNA, were achieved in 5 days after hypoxia induction, meanwhile CA9 mRNA expression was found to be the highest at 7 days after induction. HIF-1α protein did not differ significantly among the groups. The maximum CA and glutaminase specific activity was measured at 5 days group. The increase of mRNA and specific activity of both CA and Gls1 in hypoxia shows that both of these protein have an important role for encountering the changing of pH in kidney, especially in the first 5 days. The significant increase of CA9 and Gls1 mRNA is also in line with the increase of HIF-1α mRNA. It can be concluded that expression of CA9 and Gls1 gene is regulated by HIF-1α, although the HIF-1α protein have no difference among the groups."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:Obesitas merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang banyak ditemukandi negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Obesitas menjadi salah satu faktorrisiko timbulnya penyakit kardiovaskular. Diketahui bahwa populasi obesitasmemiliki kadar plasma BNP yang rendah dibanding kelompok normal. BNPadalah suatu hormon yang disintesis oleh miosit atrium yang berperan dalammeregulasi hemodinamik tubuh. Selain itu BNP memiliki efek anti fibrosis dan anti hipertrofi pada jantung. Dipikirkan bahwa adanya gangguan sintesis BNP di miosit jantung sebagai salah satu penyebab. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untukmelihat profil ekspresi mRNA BNP, NPR-A dan NPR-C pada populasi obesitas.Metode:Studi potong lintang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh DarahHarapan Kita (RSJPDHK). Jaringan miosit tersimpan yang sudah dilakukanekstraksi RNA dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan IMT, kelompok obesitas(IMT ≥27) dan kelompok normal (IMT <27) dan sesuai kriteria inklusi daneksklusi. RNA kedua kelompok dilakukan sintesis cDNA, ekstraksi protein danReal-Time PCR untuk mendapatkan mean ΔCt. Kemudian dilakukanpenghitungan menggunakan metode Livak untuk mendapatkan nilai ekspresirelatif mRNA. Data kemudian di analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS 20.Hasil Penelitian:Sebanyak 48 pasien diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini dengan jumlah kelompoknormal 34 orang dan kelompok obesitas 14 orang. Hasil ekspresi mRNA BNP,NPR-A dan NPR-C lebih rendah pada kelompok obesitas dibanding kelompoknormal. Namun, tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna ekspresi mRNA BNP (p0,768), NPR-A (p 0,838) dan NPR-C (p 0,768) antara kelompok obesitas dibanding kelompok normal. Kesimpulan:Penelitian ini tidak menemukan perbedaan ekspresi mRNA BNP, NPR-A dan NPR-C yang bermakna antara kelompok obesitas dengan kelompok normal.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Obesity is presenting as a significant health problem across the world. Obesity is arisk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The plasma level of B-type natriureticpeptide (BNP) has been identified to be lower in obese people compare to normal.As we know, BNP is one of the cardiac hormones synthesized by atrial myocytethat plays a role in hemodynamic regulations. In addition, BNP exerts its antifibrotic and anti hypertrophic effects in the heart. It has been hypothesized thatone of the possible mechanism responsible for this inverse relationship is theimpaired synthesize of BNP by cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the aim of our study isto evaluate the mRNA expression profile of BNP, Natriuretic peptide receptortype-A (NPR-A) and Natriuretic peptide receptor type-C (NPR-C) incardiomyocytes of obese population. Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rumah Sakit Jantung dan PembuluhDarah Harapan Kita (RSJPDHK). Cardiomyocytes that have been performed theRNA extraction proses were divided into 2 groups, Obese group (BMI ≥27) andNormal group (BMI <27), according to BMI and inclusion and exclusion criteria.Synthesize cDNA, protein extraction and Real-Time PCR were performed inorder to have the mean of ΔCt. Livak method was used to determine the relativeexpression mRNA value. SPSS 20 for Windows was used for the purpose ofstatistical analyses. Results:48 patients were included in this study that consist of 34 patients in normal groupand 14 patients in obese group. The mRNA expression of BNP, NPR-A and NPRCwerelower in obese group compared to normal group. However, there was nosignificant difference between groups.Conclusion:In conclusion, there is no significant difference of mRNA expression of BNP, NPR-A and NPR-C between obese and normal group.;Background:Obesity is presenting as a significant health problem across the world. Obesity is arisk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The plasma level of B-type natriureticpeptide (BNP) has been identified to be lower in obese people compare to normal.As we know, BNP is one of the cardiac hormones synthesized by atrial myocytethat plays a role in hemodynamic regulations. In addition, BNP exerts its antifibrotic and anti hypertrophic effects in the heart. It has been hypothesized thatone of the possible mechanism responsible for this inverse relationship is theimpaired synthesize of BNP by cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the aim of our study isto evaluate the mRNA expression profile of BNP, Natriuretic peptide receptortype-A (NPR-A) and Natriuretic peptide receptor type-C (NPR-C) incardiomyocytes of obese population. Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rumah Sakit Jantung dan PembuluhDarah Harapan Kita (RSJPDHK). Cardiomyocytes that have been performed theRNA extraction proses were divided into 2 groups, Obese group (BMI ≥27) andNormal group (BMI <27), according to BMI and inclusion and exclusion criteria.Synthesize cDNA, protein extraction and Real-Time PCR were performed inorder to have the mean of ΔCt. Livak method was used to determine the relativeexpression mRNA value. SPSS 20 for Windows was used for the purpose ofstatistical analyses. Results:48 patients were included in this study that consist of 34 patients in normal groupand 14 patients in obese group. The mRNA expression of BNP, NPR-A and NPRCwerelower in obese group compared to normal group. However, there was nosignificant difference between groups.Conclusion:In conclusion, there is no significant difference of mRNA expression of BNP, NPR-A and NPR-C between obese and normal group."