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"Pengukuran kalibrasi alat ukur tegangan kerja non-invasive dengan sistem spektroskopi menggunakan pesawat sinar-x generator single phase, generator constant potential, detektor XR?100?CdTe serta software ADMCA telah dilakukan. Untuk mengkalibrasi sistem spektroskopi, digunakan dua sumber standar yaitu Americium241 dan Barium133. Dari hasil pengukuran, bahwa nilai tegangan puncak pada pesawat sinar-x generator single phase berbeda dengan hasil pengukuran menggunakan detektor unfors dan CdTe, sehingga perlu dikoreksi dengan nilai rasio yang diperoleh sebesar 0,91. Untuk pesawat sinar-x generator constant potential tidak perlu dilakukan koreksi karena nilai tegangan puncak pesawat sesuai dengan hasil pengukuran pada detektor unfors dan CdTe. Pada pesawat satu fase, ripple mempengaruhi nilai tegangan puncak yang terukur oleh spektroskopi, sedangkan pada pesawat constant potential pengaruh ripple sangat kecil.

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Measurement of calibration kilovoltage peak meter non-invasive with spectroscopy system using x-ray generator single phase, generator constant potential using detector XR-100-CdTe and ADMCA software has been done. To calibrate the spectroscopy system we use two standard sources, Americium241 and Barium133. The the measurement results showed that the value of the peak voltage at single phase x-ray generator different from the measurement results of CdTe and unfors detector, so we need to correct it by 0.91, for constant potential x-ray generator we do not need correction because the value of peak voltage is within agreement with the results of CdTe and unfors detector measurement. single phase x-ray generator measurement showed that ripple will affect the value of the peak voltage that measured using spectroscopy system, while for constant potential X-ray generator ripples have very small effects."

"The switched beam antenna is one type of the antennas, which has the ability to choose of radiation pattern with the desired target. It consists of the microstrip antenna array with two elements and the 3 dB hybrid coupler as a beamforming network in the single layer substrate. This paper presents an improvement of the characteristic of a wideband switched beam microstrip antenna array by using transformer 1/4 and the stub at between patch and 3 dB hybrid coupler. A measurement result of the return loss is achieved below to-29 dB at 9.4 GHz; it improves 10 dB better than the antenna without transformer 1/4 and stub. A wideband characteristic achieve up to 2 GHz 921%) at the center frequency (9.4 GHz). The result shows the antenna has 2 orthogonal beams at 20 derajat and 330 derajat."

"Pada tesis ini dirancang bangun sebuah quadrature hybrid coupler menggunakan subtrat FR4, yang bekerja pada frekuensi 2,55 GHz. Tapered line digunakan untuk meningkatkan bandwidthnya. Hal ini akan membuat lebar lengan seri coupler membentuk garis kurva. Hasil simulasi pada coupler yang diterapkan bentuk kurva pada frekuensi 2.55 GHz menunjukkan nilai reflection loss -21,68 dB , isolation loss -16,16 dB, beda phase 90,88o dan bandwidth yang dihasilkan sebesar 13,84 %. Sedangkan hasil pengukuran pada fabrikasi untuk frekuensi yang sama, memperlihatkan hasil reflection loss -17,898 dB, isolation loss -20,422, beda phase -82,3o dan bandwidthnya sebesar 17,84%. Penerapan garis kurva menunjukkan adanya penambahan bandwidth.

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This thesis designs and builds a quadrature hybrid coupler using FR4 subtrate, which operates at 2.55 GHz. Tapered line used to increase bandwidth. This will make the width of the series arms to form curve line. The simulation results at a frequency of 2.55 GHz show the value of reflection loss of -21.68 dB, -16.16 dB isolation loss, 90.88° phase difference and the bandwidth of 13.84%. While the results of measurements on the fabricated, shows reflection loss -17.898, isolation loss -20.422 dB, -82.3 ° phase difference and the bandwidth of 17.84%. Application of curve line shows the impact of the additional bandwidth."

"Dunia teknologi kini sudah tidak asing lagi dengan adanya teknologi DSP. Termasuk juga dunia musik dan audio. Sangat banyak ditemukan aplikasi dalam dunia audio dan musik yang menggunakan DSP sebagai prosesor utamanya. Salah satunya termasuk virtual surround sound yang saat ini banyak digunakan pada divais hand-held atau gadget-gadget berukuran kecil. Aplikasi virtual surround sound dikembangkan dengan metode Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) dalam dunia analog. Namun dengan pengembangan pendekatan algoritma, aplikasi virtual surround sound dapat diterapkan pada DSK TMS320C6713. Algoritma dirancang berdasarkan penggunaan digital filter FIR dan IIR yang karakteristiknya dirancang menggunakan FDA tool pada MATLAB. Pada skripsi ini dilakukan komputasi dijital HRTF menggunakan DSK TMS320C6713, dan dibandingkan dengan hasil komputasi tradisional pada referensi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi virtual surround sound dengan pendekatan komputasi HRTF dapat dilakukan dengan baik dengan menggunakan DSK TMS320C6713. Aplikasi berjalan dengan baik pada rentang frekuensi 0 - 4 kHz dan sesuai dengan karakteristik komputasi HRTF secara tradisional.

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The world of technology nowdays are very familiar with the DSP technology. That includes the world of audio and music. There are so many applications in audio and music that uses DSP as it's main processor. One of the application in audio and music is the virtual surround sound application. Virtual surround sound is widely used in small devices and gadgets.

In the analog world, the virtual surround sound application was develop based on the Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) method. At present, by constructing a specific algorithm, the virtual surround sound application can be implemented in TMS320C6713 DSK. The algorithm was designed using the implementations of digital filters of FIR and IIR. The characteristics of the digital filters were created in FDA Tools from MATLAB.

In this thesis, a digital HRTF computational is applied using TMS320C6713 DSK, and then the results is compared to the results from an traditional computational method found in the reference. The analysis shows that the virtual surround sound application can be implemented using the TMS320C6713 DSK. The applications works well in the frequency range from 0 to 4 kHz, and the characteristics of the results are similar to the traditional computational HRTF characteristics."