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"Sama seperti lingkung buatan lainnya, kebun binatang jugaperlu memperhatikan banyak hal dan pemikiran yang matang dalam perancangannya. Satu hal yang membedakan habitat binatang di kebun binatang dengan habitat binatang di alam liar adalah yang satu membutuhkanenclosuresedangkan yang satunya lagi tidak. Perancangan kebun binatang (zoo design) telah mengalami perubahan dari zaman ke zaman. Dahulu rancangan kebun binatang hanya berupa sangkar, kinizoo designer perlumemikirkan dari aspek binatang, pengunjung, dan pengurus kebun binatang ketika merancang enclosure binatang. Di balik bentuknya yang sederhana, ternyata banyak hal yang cukup kompleks yang perlu dipertimbangkan dari ketiga aspek tersebut untuk merancang pembatas kebun binatang (zoobarrier) sebagai elemen yang menetapkan sebuah enclosure. Apasaja hal-halyang perlu diperhatikan dan yang mempengaruhi perancangan pembatas kebun binatang (zoo barrier design). Pertanyaan inilah yang membuat penulis tertarik untuk membahas tentang perancangan pembatas kebun binatang dalam skripsi ini. Studi kasus yang dipilih untuk lebih menjelaskan mengenai topik ini adalah salah satu kebun binatang di Jabodetabek, yaitu Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor.

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Same as other built environment, zoo also need to consider many things and careful thought in its design. One thing that distinguishes an animal habitat at the zoo with animals? habitats in the wild is one of them requiring enclosure while the other one does not. Zoo design has changed overtime. In the past zoo animal enclosures is just a cage, today zoo designers need to think from animal, visitor and zookeeper aspect when designing animal enclosure. Behind the simple form, there are many things that complex enough to be considered from those three aspects to design zoo barrier as an element that define zoo enclosure. What are important things that need to be considered and which are will influence zoo barrier design.This question is what makes writer interested to discuss about zoo barrier design in this thesis. Case study that will explain more about this topic is one of zoos in Jabodetabek, Taman Safari Indonesia."

"PT. XYZ tengah membangun gas plant dan ditargetkan on stream pada pertengahan tahun 2017. Saat detail engineering, studi - studi seperti HAZOP, HAZID, SIL telah menetapkan technical barrier namun tidak menetapkan organizational barrier, baik itu procedural maupun human yang turut menunjang keselamatan pelaksanaan startup dan commissioning gas plant. Sebelum dilakukan startup, setiap unit dalam gas plant seharusnya diperiksa dan dievaluasi secara menyeluruh untuk memastikan bahwa unit telah siap beroperasi dan terhindar dari potensi kecelakaan, khususnya ledakan dan kebakaran. Tujuan dari studi ini menganalisis ketersediaan dan kesiapan safety barrier dalam mencegah dan memitigasi konsekuensi dari hazardous event, yaitu kejadian flammable gas / liquid release. Studi ini meliputi identifikasi skenario initiating event atau threats yang dapat menyebabkan flammable gas / liquid release, mengevaluasi konsekuensi dan fungsi barrier. Bow tie diagram, digunakan untuk menggambarkan elemen barrier. Kinerja barrier dikaji berdasarkan 5 lima performance criteria availability, functionality, capacity, trigger event, dan response time. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 21 dari keseluruhan skenario memiliki unacceptable risk dan membutuhkan perbaikan. Beberapa rekomendasi diusulkan kepada PT. XYZ.

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PT. XYZ is constructing a new onshore gas plant and targeted to be on stream by mid 2017. During detailed engineering, studies such as HAZOP, HAZID and SIL have specified technical barriers, but not organizational barrier, neither procedural nor human, which also contributing in safety implementation of startup and commissioning activities. Before startup, each unit within the gas plant should be thoroughly inspected and evaluated for its readiness and prevention of potential accidents, especially explosion and fire.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the availability and readiness of the safety barrier in preventing and mitigating the consequences of the hazardous event, i.e. flammable gas liquid release. This study identified initiating event that could lead to flammable gas liquid release, evaluated consequences barrier functions. Bow tie diagrams were used to draw barrier elements.

Performance of barriers were assessed by 5 performance criteria availability, functionality, capacity, trigger event, and response time. It was found that 21 of all scenarios were having unacceptable risk and need more improvement. Some recommendations were proposed. "

"Coral reefs are the 'rain forests' of the ocean, containing the highest diversity of marine organisms and facing the greatest threats from humans. As shallow-water coastal habitats, they support a wide range of economically and culturally important activities, from fishing to tourism. Their accessibility makes reefs vulnerable to local threats that include over-fishing, pollution and physical damage. Reefs also face global problems, such as climate change, which may be responsible for recent widespread coral mortality and increased frequency of hurricane damage. This book, first published in 2006, summarises the state of knowledge about the status of reefs, the problems they face, and potential solutions. The topics considered range from concerns about extinction of coral reef species to economic and social issues affecting the well-being of people who depend on reefs. The result is a multi-disciplinary perspective on problems and solutions to the coral reef crisis."

"This book provides comprehensive and practical coverage of the biology, study and management of reef fish aggregations, exploring their how, when, where, and why. It explores ways to better protect, study, manage and conserve them, while identifying key data gaps and questions. The text is extensively illustrated with many unique, photographs and graphics. Case studies on over 20 interesting and important fishes are included, outlining their biology and fisheries and highlighting major concerns and challenges."