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"Penerjemahan merupakan kegiatan komunikasi yang dilakukan dengan pengalihbahasaan suatu teks dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran. Dalam bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran seringkali terdapat perbedaan budaya. Perbedaan kebudayaan dapat menjadi kendala dalam proses penerjemahan, salah satunya dalam penerjemahan kata budaya. Penelitian ini membahas prosedur penerjemahan kata budaya dalam komik Maiko-san Chi no Makanai-san. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif berdasarkan teori kata budaya dan prosedur penerjemahan oleh Newmark. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencari kata budaya bahasa Jepang dalam komik Maiko-san Chi no Makanai-san volume 1 serta dalam terjemahan bahasa Indonesianya ‘Juru Masak Para Maiko’. Data lalu dikelompokkan berdasarkan teori kategori kata budaya menurut Newmark. Selanjutnya, peneliti menganalisis prosedur yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan kata budaya tersebut sesuai dengan teori prosedur penerjemahan Newmark. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 11 jenis prosedur digunakan dalam penerjemahan sumber data. Adapun 11 Prosedur yang digunakan adalah 1) terjemahan harfiah; 2) transferensi; 3) naturalisasi; 4) padanan budaya; 5) padanan fungsional; 6) padanan deskriptif; 7) transposisi; 8) modulasi; 9) pengurangan dan perluasan; 10) kuplet; dan 11) catatan kaki. Penerjemah cenderung menggunakan prosedur yang berorientasi pada bahasa sasaran

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Translation is a communication method carried out by translating a text from the source language into the target language. In the source language and target language there are often cultural differences. Cultural differences can become an obstacle in the translation process, one of which is in translating the cultural words. This study discusses the procedure for translating cultural words in the comic Maiko-san Chi no Makanai-san. Researcher uses descriptive research methods and basing the research on the theory of cultural words and translation procedures by Newmark. The research was conducted by searching for the Japanese language cultural words in the 1st volume of the comic Maiko-san Chi no Makanai-san as well as in its Indonesian version, Juru Masak Para Maiko. The data were then grouped based on Newmark's theory of cultural words categories. Furthermore, the researcher analyzed the procedures used in translating the cultural words according to Newmark's theory of translation procedures. The analysis showed that there were 11 types of procedures used in the data. The 11 procedures used are 1) literal translation; 2) transference; 3) naturalization; 4) cultural equivalent; 5) functional equivalent; 6) descriptive equivalent; 7) transposition; 8) modulation; 9) reduction and expansion; 10) couplets; and 11) notes. The translator tend to use procedures that are oriented towards the target language."

"Video Art Theory: A Comparative Approach demonstrates how video art functions on the basis of a comparative media approach, providing a crucial understanding of video as a medium in contemporary art and of the visual mediations we encounter in daily life.Having a highly elusive character from the outset, video art has also evolved strongly as an art form in the five decades of its existence. This transformation notably gave rise to exciting changes in its relationships to other media. These concerns serve as the starting point for this study. Throughout the four chapters of the book, the author demonstrates why it is impossible to capture video art in a single, all-inclusive definition. Rather than searching for medium-specificity or a general theory, this study proves that it is more useful to develop a theoretical interdisciplinary framework for research into video art. Video artworks are compared with television and performance art (with regard to immediacy); installation art (dealing with space); photography and painting (related to representation); and cinema (with importance of narrative). This methodology not only yields new perspectives, but crucially provides students with a much-needed context for understanding the evolution and paramount importance of video as a medium."

"ABSTRAKKeberadaan Pengadilan HAM ad hoc di Indonesia menjadi sebuah harapan baru bagi para korban dan keluarganya yang tengah menanti keadilan atas kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM berat yang terjadi di masa lalu. Akan tetapi, sejauh ini pengadilan ini dinilai kurang memberikan kepuasan atau bahkan gagal dalam memenuhi tututan keadilan. Di sisi lain, munculnya hybrid courts dalam tatanan hukum pidana internasional diharapkan mampu mengakhiri praktek impunitas dan menjadi alternatif baru ketika negara dianggap tidak mau atau tidak mampu unwilling or unable menyelesaikan kasus-kasus kejahatan internasional yang terjadi di wilayahnya. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai komparasi mekanisme pendirian pengadilan HAM ad hoc di Indonesia dan hybrid courts didirikan, yang mana sama-sama merupakan pengadilan ad hoc untuk kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM masa lalu. Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan sumber data sekunder berupa studi kepustakaan melalui buku-buku dan jurnal ilmiah, serta menggunakan sumber bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan instrumen-instrumen hukum internasional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pendirian Pengadilan HAM ad hoc di Indonesia, terdapat unsur campur tangan DPR sebagai lembaga politik yang banyak memunculkan perdebatan tentang kewenangan DPR yang seolah-olah turut menentukan ada atau tidaknya pelanggaran HAM dalam suatu kasus. Di sisi lain, hybrid courts memiliki model-model tertentu dalam pendiriannya yang tak lepas dari campur tangan organisasi internasional. Akan tetapi, bagaimanapun model maupun mekanisme dalam pembentukan suatu pengadilan untuk kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM, diperlukanlah kehendak dan kerjasama dari negara yang bersangkutan. Bagi Indonesia pun, segala kekurangan dalam mekanisme pendirian Pengadilan HAM ad hoc tersebut bukanlah suatu penghalang dan seharusnya menjadi dorongan kuat bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk mengembangkan mekanisme dan memperbaiki loopholes dalam instrumen hukum yang telah ada, sehingga Indonesia mampu menjadi negara berdaulat yang dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan-permasalahan penegakan HAM dalam negerinya.

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ABSTRACTThe existence of ad hoc human rights court in Indonesia granted a new expectation for the victims and the families who are still hoping for justice upon gross violation of human rights happened in the past. So far, the court is considered to give less satisfactory or even it is considered failed in fulfilling the demands of justice. On the other hand, hybrid courts emerged in the order of transitional justice with a high expectation to eradicate impunity and such a new alternative when a state is considered to be unwilling or unable to bring the perpetrator of international crimes to justice. This thesis analyzes the comparison on the establishment of an ad hoc human rights court in Indonesia and hybrid courts. The research conducted in this thesis is using a juridical normative approach with secondary data in the form of literature study books and journals , and primary legal materials in the form national regulations and international legal instruments. The results of the analysis showed that in the process of establishing an ad hoc Human Rights Court in Indonesia, there is an element of interference from the House of Representatives DPR as a political institution that raises the debate about the authority of the House of Representatives DPR which seems to contribute in determining whether or not human rights violations committed in a case. On the other hand, hybrid courts have certain models in its establishment that cannot be separated from the interference of international organizations. However, regardless of the model or mechanism in the establishment of a court for cases of human rights violations, the will and cooperation of the concerned state are extremely required. For Indonesia, any shortcomings in the mechanism of the establishment of the ad hoc Human Rights Court shall not be a barrier and must be a strong impetus for decisions makers to develop mechanisms and fix the loopholes in the existing legal instruments, thus Indonesia can become a sovereign state that can solve its own enforcement human rights issues."

"A literary text typically contains many cultural elements often presented in a very concise manner to enhance its readability and aesthetic quality. Its translation can be challenging when there is a gap between source culture and target culture. Thus, a translator has to make an ideological choice: either to foreignize or to domesticize. This paper aims to identify and examine the ideology applied by a literary translator when translating culturally-divergent translation units. Bram Stoker’s Dracula and its Indonesian translation by Suwarni were selected as data source due to the novel’s significant number of cultural references unfamiliar to modern Indonesians. Forty units were selected for this paper and classified into several groups. Results show that the translator used various strategies, both foreignizing and domesticizing ones, to translate even similar units, indicating her considerable freedom. Furthermore, the results also show that translation ideology is a flexible concept which can shift throughout a translation project and be represented as a multipoint continuum. Moreover, both foreignization and domestication may take place at different levels, depending on various factors such as presence of information, extent of modification, and relevance of information."