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"Buku yang berjudul Trudnye sluchai upotrebleniya i pravopisaniya chastits ne i ni ditulis oleh Vera Fedorovna Ivanova; editor, N. M. Remennikova; teknik editor, M. S. Drannikova; korektor, N. I. Kotelnikova. Buku ini membahas tentang perbedaan partikel "ne" dan "ni" dalam bahasa Rusia."

"ABSTRAKMakalah nonseminar ini difokuskan pada penelitian di bidang linguistik, yaitu fungsi augmentatifa atau perubahan pada bentuk kata pada kata benda yang dapat mengalami peningkatan makna. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan cara mencari makna kata dengan menggunakan kamus dan sumber-sumber data lainnya, serta melakukan analisis terhadap unsur-unsur substantiva yang ada dalam buku Michael Lohde 2006: 64 yaitu Wortbildung des modernen Deutschen yang bertujuan untuk membantu pembaca agar mengerti dan mengetahui unsur-unsur apa saja yang dapat menjadikan suatu kata itu mengalami peningkatan bentuk kata. Hasil yang didapat adalah bahwa augmentatifa adalah suatu pembesaran bentuk yang ditandai oleh adanya sebuah prefiks atau sufiks dan ada beberapa aturan dalam membentuk kata augmentatif pada bahasa Jerman.Kata kunci: augmentatifa, substantiva, bentuk kata, peningkatan, klasifikasi makna

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ABSTRACTtThid non seminar paper is focused on research in the field of linguistics, namely augmentatifa function or the increase in the form of words to nouns that can be increased. This study uses qualitative descriptive method by looking for the meaning of words using dictionaries and sources of other data, and do an analysis of the elements substantiva in the book of Michael Lohde 2006 64 Wortbildung des modernen Deutschen, that aims to help readers in order to understand and know what elements can make a word that has increased form words. The result is that an enlarged form augmentatifa is characterized by the presence of a prefix or suffix and there are some rules in forming augmentative word in the German language.Keywords augmentative, substantive, the words, the increase, the meaning classification"

"Language demonstrates structure while at the same time showing considerable variation at all levels: languages differ from one another while still being shaped by the same principles; utterances within a language differ from one another while still exhibiting the same structural patterns; languages change over time, but in fairly regular ways. This book focuses on the dynamic processes that create languages and give them their structure and their variance. Joan Bybee outlines a theory of language that directly addresses the nature of grammar, taking into account its variance and gradience, and seeks explanation in terms of the recurrent processes that operate in language use. The evidence is based on the study of large corpora of spoken and written language, and what we know about how languages change, as well as the results of experiments with language users. The result is an integrated theory of language use and language change which has implications for cognitive processing and language evolution."