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"Subject a special branch of Muhammadan law, which is not only of great practical importance, but involves the application of principles peculiar to that system of law. Muhammadan law recognises only absolute ownership of property, though, broadly speaking, it permits limited interests in the use of property. As judges whose duty it is to interpret and apply existing law, is to adapt the rules of Muhammadan law to modern society. The prohibition of usury may be taken as an example of the difficulty of applying old rules to modern society. If applied literally the prohibition would prevent the borrowing of money at interest, whether the lender be the State, a bank, or a private individual, and would make the conduct of business on a large scale in a modern capitalist State wellnigh impossible. But if Muhammadan law is to be modernised, it is essential that the principles upon which it is founded shouldbe clearly understood. It is in that regard that I believe that this treatise will prove of lasting value. "

"ABSTRAKSaat ini, penentuan status kekayaan negara di dalam BUMN Persero negara Indonesia diatur oleh dua kelompok peraturan perundang-undangan yang saling bertentangan. Terdapat kelompok peraturan perundang-undangan yang menentukan bahwa, kekayaan BUMN Persero merupakan bagian dari keuangan negara. Sedangkan, terdapat juga kelompok peraturan perundang-undangan yang menentukan bahwa, kekayaan BUMN Persero bukan merupakan bagian dari keuangan negara. Adanya dualisme hukum yang mengatur tentang status hukum kekayaan negara di dalam BUMN Persero , senyatanya menghambat ruang gerak BUMN Persero dalam bersaing untuk memperoleh keuntungan. Disisi lain, regulasi yang mengatur tentang status kekayaan negara di dalam SOE negara Singapura kompak untuk tidak mengkategorisasikan kekayaan SOE sebagai bagian dari keuangan negara. Skripsi ini mencoba untuk mengkaji secara normatif regulasi tentang penentuan status kekayaan negara di Indonesia dan Singapura. Hasil penelitian dalam skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa, regulasi yang berlaku di SOE Singapura memberikan dampak positif berupa, adanya kedudukan yang setara dengan perusahaan swasta untuk memperoleh laba sehingga, SOE mampu memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap pendapatan negara. Dalam rangka memperbaiki dan mengembangkan kinerja BUMN Persero , pemerintah Indonesia perlu merujuk dan belajar dari regulasi yang mengatur tentang penentuan status kekayaan negara di dalam SOE di Singapura.

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ABSTRACTNowadays, the determination of state property rsquo s status in BUMN Persero are governed by the two groups of conflicting regulations. There is a group of regulations which determines that, the property rsquo s of BUMN Persero are part of the state finance. Meanwhile, there is also a group of regulations whichdetermines that, the property rsquo s of BUMN Persero aren rsquo t part of the state finance. In fact,this kind of the dualism of law obstruct the roles of BUMN Persero to get the levelof playing field, in order to gain profit. On the other hand, the regulations of the determination of state property rsquo s status in Singapore rsquo s SOE aren rsquo t categorized the property rsquo s of SOE as a part of state finance. This thesis attempts to research the regulations about the determination of state property rsquo s both in Indonesia dan Singapore normatively. The result of the research in this thesis shows that, the regulations which applied for Singapore rsquo s SOE create positive impacts in the form of the level of playing field, in order to gain profit, so that SOE can support the state income optimally. In order to ameliorate and improve the performance of BUMN Persero ,the government of Indonesia need to refer and learn from the regulations which governed the state property rsquo s status in Singapore rsquo s SOE."

"The topic of this paper is to describe the defining criteria of originality of song works. The aspectof originality is important to make such work be protected by Copyright Law. In this research, thecriteria to define originality are based on certain doctrines and/or theories of originality that mayvary case by case. The use of such doctrines and/or theories is necessary, since the stipulationsregarding originality in the Indonesian Copyright Act has not been considered suffice. Withregard to the song works, the criteria of originality may be different from other works. Therefore,a comprehensive research on the characteristics of song as a work is also important. This researchis a qualitative research with prescriptive design. The research depicts the use of certain doctrinesand/or theories as supplementary provisions to the Copyright Law in defining the originality ofsongs, which have specific characteristics resulted from their author’s creations and intellectuals.Topik makalah ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kriteria yang menentukan orisinalitas karyalagu. Aspek orisinalitas penting untuk membuat pekerjaan tersebut dilindungi oleh Undang-Undang Hak Cipta. Dalam penelitian ini, kriteria untuk menentukan keaslian didasarkan padadoktrin dan / atau teori orisinalitas yang mungkin berbeda kasus per kasus tertentu. Penggunaandoktrin dan / atau teori-teori tersebut diperlukan, karena ketentuan mengenai orisinalitasdalam UU Hak Cipta Indonesia belum dianggap cukup. Berkenaan dengan karya-karya lagu,kriteria orisinalitas mungkin berbeda dari karya-karya lain. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yangkomprehensif tentang karakteristik lagu sebagai karya juga penting. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian kualitatif dengan desain preskriptif. Penelitian ini menggambarkan penggunaandoktrin dan / atau teori ketentuan tambahan Undang-Undang Hak Cipta dalam menentukankeaslian lagu, yang memiliki karakteristik tertentu yang dihasilkan dari kreasi penulisnya danintelektual tertentu."