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"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai dinamika populasi amfibi pada tiga sungai di kawasan Gunung Payung, Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Banten pada tanggal 22 Juni - 2 Juli 2013. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mencatat populasi amfibi dengan faktor-faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhinya. Masing-masing pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak empat pengulangan pada ketiga lokasi tersebut. Data hasil penelitian berupa hubungan korelasi antara populasi amfibi dengan faktor-faktor lingkungannya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh delapan jenis amfibi. Beberapa jenis memiliki pengaruh signifikan yang cenderung kuat dan sangat kuat terhadap faktor-faktor lingkungannya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dinamika populasi amfibi pada Sungai Cigunung payung dan Sungai Ciuluran sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Terlihat beberapa jenis yang dipengaruhi faktor suhu air, suhu udara dan kelembapan. Namun, faktor-faktor lingkungan di sungai Cibunar tidak berpengaruh nyata.

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Study of amphibian population dynamic at three rivers in the area of Mount. Payung, Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten in 22 June--2 July 2013. The study was carried out by collecting data of amphibian population with environment factors influence. Each sampling data was performed four repetitions at three locations.

The result of research form a correlation amphibian population between environtment factors. Based on this study were found eight amphibian species. Some species has significant inclined and very strong against environment factors,

Based on result analysis was amphibian population dynamic very influence by environment factors such as water temperature, air temperature and humidity at Cigunung payung and Ciuluran rivers, but environtment factors not influnece at Cibunar river."

"Sebanyak 57 jenis Angiosperma epifit (6 jenis merupakan hemiepifit) dari 12 suku tercatat selama eksplorasi di Gunung Payung. Jumlah angiosperma epifit yang dijumpai lebih kurang 10,08% dari total jumlah jenis di Jawa. Orchidaceae merupakan suku dengan anggota terbanyak, yaitu 31 jenis atau menyusun 60,78% dari total jenis yang ditemukan. Trichotosia fusca, jenis di Jawa belum banyak diketahui, tercatat selama pengamatan di Gunung Payung.

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A total of 57 species of epiphytic angiosperms (6 as hemiepiphytes) from twelves families of angiosperms were recorded during exploration in Mount Payung. Orchidaceae is the most diverse family with total of 31 species or 60.78% from total number of species found. Compared to Java, a number of 10.08% of epiphytic angiosperms can be found in Mount Payung. Trichotosia fusca, an insufficiently known orchids in Java, found during exploration."

"Gunung Payung, Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, merupakan kawasan yang masih memiliki hutan hujan tropis yang tersisa di dataran rendah P. Jawa. Sejumlah penelitian telah dilakukan di Gunung Payung, namun belum ada satupun penelitian yang membahas secara khusus mengenai jenis - jenis tumbuhan paku dan likofit. Tujuan penelitian kali ini adalah menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi jenis - jenis tumbuhan paku dan likofit yang terdapat di Gunung Payung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode jelajah bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gunung Payung memiliki 55 jenis tumbuhan paku dan empat jenis likofit. Dari 59 jenis yang diperoleh, terdapat 29 jenis tumbuhan paku dan 3 jenis likofit merupakan rekaman baru untuk Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon. Satu jenis tumbuhan paku dipertimbangkan sebagai rekaman baru untuk Pulau Jawa, yaitu Asplenium phyllitidis.

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Mt Payung, Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), is a location where tropical forest of Java’s lowland remain exist. Previously, botanical exploration has been conducted in this area, but none of them focus on ferns and lycophytes.Research aimed to inventroy and identify ferns and lycophytes found in Mt Payung. Specimens collected from several accessible location in Mt Payung.

Fifty five species of ferns and four species of lycophytes has been recorded during this research. Twenty nine ferns and three lycophytes considered as new record for UKNP. Asplenium phyllitidis has been found during the research and considered as new record of ferns in Java."

"Duttaphrynus melanostictus atau dalam Bahasa Indonesia disebut juga dengan kodok buduk adalah jenis kodok yang dapat beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang terganggu. Penelitian tentang preferensi kodok ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis pakan kodok buduk di habitat alaminya. Analisis dilakukan pada 60 spesimen kodok buduk yang terdiri dari 30 betina dan 30 jantan. Pengambilan data isi lambung kodok dilakukan dengan metode pembedahan. Perhitungan jumlah individu mengikuti cara Berry, 1965. Frekuensi pakan tertinggi yang ditemukan di dalam lambung kodok adalah Formicidae. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara ukuran tubuh dengan berat basah isi lambung. D. melanostictus adalah satwa oportunis yang memanfaatkan mangsa disekitarnya. Namun, pemilihan pakan D. melanostictus di Universitas Indonesia cenderung pada jenis dan sifat tertentu yaitu jenis serangga yangberkelompok dan cenderung beraktivitas di tanah. Kodok jantan dan betina mempunyai komposisi pakan yang hampir sama, sehingga terdapat tumpang tindih relung pakan yang tinggi.

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Duttaphrynus melanostictus or in Indonesian is also called a toad buduk is a type of toad that can adapt to a disturbed environment. The research on toad preference aims to analyze the kind of toad feed in its natural habitat. The analysis was performed on 60 specimens of toads that consisted of 30 females and 30 males. Data collection of contents of toad's gut performed by surgical method. The calculation of the number of individuals follows Berry's method, 1965.

The highest feeding frequency found in the toad's gut is Formicidae. There is no correlation between body size and weight of gut contents. D. melanostictus is an opportunistic animal that utilizes its surrounding prey. However, the selection of D. melanostictus feed at the Indonesia University tends to a certain type only of the type of insect grouped and tend to move on the ground. Male and female toads have a composition of feed that is almost the same, so there is a high overlap."

"Penelitian tentang komunitas burung di kawasan penyangga Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon TNUK bertujuan untuk menjelaskan komposisi burung pada berbagai struktur vegetasi kawasan penyangga TNUK, serta menjelaskan hubungan antara komposisi burung dengan struktur vegetasi kawasan penyangga TNUK. Kondisi kawasan penyangga di sekitar TNUK didominasi oleh area perkebunan dan pertanian yang memiliki jenis vegetasi beraneka ragam. Metode pengamatan burung yang digunakan adalah metode titik hitung. Terdapat 22 titik sampel pada pengamatan yang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kawasan penyangga berjarak dekat 0-500 meter, sedang 500-1000 meter dan jauh >1000 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masing-masing kelompok kawasan penyangga memiliki struktur vegetasi yang berbeda, namun kawasan penyangga dekat dan sedang cenderung memiliki kemiripan karena hasil scatter plot Principal Component Analysis kedua kawasan saling tumpang tindih. Nilai keanekaragaman burung tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok kawasan penyangga berjarak dekat dengan Taman Nasional, namun hasil uji t Hutcheson ketiga lokasi menunjukkan nilai yang tidak berbeda nyata. Burung tipe insektivor dan nektarivor memiliki korelasi negatif dengan DBH pohon kelapa, burung tipe granivor dan omnivor memiliki korelasi positif dengan persentase kematangan buah kelapa.

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Research on bird communities in buffer zone of Ujung Kulon National Park TNUK to explain bird composition on various vegetation structures of TNUK buffer zone, and to explain the relationship between bird structure and vegetation structure of buffer zone of TNUK. The condition of buffer zone around TNUK is dominated by plantation and agriculture area which have varieties of vegetation type. Bird observation method used is the method of calculating point. There are 22 sample points on the observation that are divided into three groups, namely near buffer area 0 500 meters, medium 500 1000 meters and far 1000 meters.

The results showed that each group of buffer zones had different vegetation structures, but the nearest and the nearest buffer areas were affected by the scatter plots. The Main Components Analysis of the two regions overlapped. The value of immortal bird diversity in the buffer group is close to the National Park, but the result of the Hutcheson site t test shows no significant difference. Insektivor and nectarivor birds have a negative reputation with coconut tree DBH, granivor and omnivor species have a positive reputation with coconut maturity percentage."

"Penyusutan populasi gajah sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus) secara drastis selama 20 tahun terakhir menempatkan gajah sumatra sebagai satwa yang sangat terancam (critically endangered). Informasi mengenai rasio seks, struktur usia, serta sebaran spasial diperlukan sebagai informasi dasar untuk merancang strategi konservasi yang tepat bagi spesies tersebut. Penentuan seks individu gajah dilakukan dengan metode PCR untuk mengamplifikasi daerah SRY1 dan AMELY2 pada kromosom Y dan daerah PLP1 pada kromosom X, menggunakan sampel feses yang dikoleksi secara noninvasif di Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK), Lampung. Data sekunder berupa keliling bolus dan lokasi pengambilan sampel digunakan untuk memperkirakan usia dan sebaran individu gajah. Hasil menunjukan populasi di TNWK didominasi oleh individu muda (43,69%), dengan rasio seks 1:6,36 antara jantan dan betina. Dominansi betina mengindikasikan adanya tekanan seleksi pada individu jantan dewasa, berupa konflik gajah dengan manusia dan perburuan untuk mendapatkan gadingnya. Sementara itu, hasil analisis spasial sampel menunjukan bahwa gajah di TNWK memiliki luas jelajah total 972,87 Km2. Gajah di TNWK cenderung menggunakan area barat taman nasional sebagai area daerah jelajah dan menggunakan padang alang-alang dan hutan sebagai habitatnya. Penyelamatan gajah sumatra di TNWK dapat dilakukan dengan penegakan hukum, perencanaan penggunaan lahan, serta peningkatan patroli di dalam taman nasional sebagai strategi konservasi.

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Drastic population decline of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) for the last 20 years puts this endemic subspecies in the IUCN Red List as critically endangered. Information on spatial distribution, age strucutre, and sex ratio are vital to develop an effective conservation management for this species. Sex determination for elephant individual was done using PCR based method to amplify SRY1 and AMELY2 region on Y chromosome, and PLP1 region on X chromosome. A total of 310 fecal samples collected noninvasively from Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) were used for this study. Data on bolus circumference and samples location were analysed to assess age structure and spatial distribution of the elephants in WKNP.

Our analyses showed this population is dominated by subadult individu (43,69%), and has biased sex ratio toward female (1:6,36). This skewed sex ratio indicated that adult male under strong selection, which might due to human-elephant conflict and poaching. The elephants preferred alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) dominated grassland and forest as their habitat, with total home range 972,87 Km2. Accordingly, a comprehensive conservation which involves strong law enforcement, land-use planning, and intensive patrol need to implemented to protect elephant population in WKNP."

"Fish fauna survey biodiversity was conducted in Ujung Kulon National Park, Pandeglang-West Java, to reveal fish diversity in mangrove ecosystem. Samples were caught using electrofish (12 V 10A), gill net (mesh sized 1-1.5 cm) and fishing tackle. Result showed that there were 58 fish species belongs to 34 families and 43 genera gobiidae was a dominant famili with 3 species. Cigenter river has highest diversity with H = 2.74, E=0.930, d = 5.346. Serinding fish (Ambassis dussumieri) was the highest abundance compared to others."

"Penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas plankton di Sungai Pesanggrahan dari bagian hulu (Bogor, Jawa Barat) hingga bagian hilir (Kembangan, DKI Jakarta) telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2011. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas plankton serta hubungannya dengan parameter fisika-kimia air. Hasil identifikasi dan perhitungan sampel plankton ditemukan 57 marga fitoplankton dari 5 kelas, yaitu Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenaphyceae dan Dinophyceae. 9 marga zooplankton dari 3 filum, yaitu Ciliophora, Arthropoda dan Rotifera juga ditemukan pada sampel plankton. Fitoplankton dari marga Navicula, Oscillatoria dan Planktothrix mendominasi di sepanjang aliran Sungai Pesanggrahan, sedangkan dari kelompok zooplankton didominasi oleh marga Cyclops dan Epistylis. Bedasarkan indeks keanekaragaman plankton, tingkat pencemaran di sepanjang aliran Sungai Pesanggrahan dikategorikan pada tingkat pencemaran sedang. Diketahui bahwa parameter kimia perairan, yaitu kandungan nitrat berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan plankton di Sungai Pesanggrahan.

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Research on community structure of plankton in Pesanggrahan River from upstream (Bogor, West Java) to downstream (Kembangan, DKI Jakarta), has been carried out in Oktober 2011. The study aims to determine the structure of plankton communities and its relationship with physico-chemical parameters of water. Identification and calculation of plankton samples showed 57 genera of phytoplankton from 5 classes; Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenaphyceae and Dinophyceae. 9 genera of zooplankton from 3 phylum; Ciliophora, Arthropods and Rotifers, were also found in the plankton samples. Phytoplankton from genus Navicula, Oscillatoria and Planktothrix were dominating along the Pesanggrahan River, while from the zooplankton were dominated by genus Cyclops and Epistylis. Based on diversity index of plankton, level pollution along Pesanggrahan River was in moderate level of pollution. It was showed that chemical parameters of water, which is nitrat content was affecting the density of plankton in Pesanggrahan River."

"Penelitian ini hadir untuk menjelaskan akar permasalahan buruknya hubungan antaraBalai Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon dengan masyarakat sekitar di kawasan GunungHonje. Jika ditelusuri, hubungan buruk ini sudah terjadi sejak lama, bahkan sebelumUjung Kulon menjadi taman nasional. Permasalahan ini ada semenjak Cagar Alam UjungKulon memperluas wilayah di Gunung Honje yang mengakibatkan pemukiman dan lahangarapan penduduk masuk ke wilayah Cagar Alam Ujung Kulon. Dengan menggunakanmetode sejarah, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa akibat perluasan Cagar Alam UjungKulon di Gunung Honje yang bersifat sentarlistik mengakibakan tekanan masyarakarterhadap hutan tidak dapat dihindari. Sayangnya, penyelesaian permasalahan ini terlaluberlarut-larut. Hingga 16 tahun pengelolaan Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon belum bisamenyelesaiakan permasalah ini dengan tuntas.

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This study aims to clarify root problem of unhealthy relationship of Balai TamanNasional Ujung Kulon and local society in the area of Gunung Honje. Performed tracing,revealed that the unhealthy relationship had been happening for ages, ever since UjungKulon was yet to be officially National Park. By using historical method, this study foundthat centralized expansion of Cagar Alam Ujung Kulon in Gunung Honje had ledinevitable pressure of local society on the park. Unfortunately, the problem resolution hadbeen protracted. Until 16 years of managing of Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, theprobrem remained unresolved completely."

"The analytical view exploers in this paper represent the perspective of subsistent farmers in NTT Province when integrated with marketeconomy. It tries to explain why the subsistent community are so vulnerable to become migrant workers and uprooted from their land; itis also attempt to investigate the relation between economic policy on free labour market with death and torture received by migrant workers. While the victims, especially women and children, are publicized and attracted attention from mass media and also social media. However,the publication over the suffering of migrant workers from the margin of Indonesia such as NTT Province, does not get direct impact over the policy makers with the willingness to renew regulation to protect migrant workers. This paper focuses on investigating why the poor migrant women and children are being neglected by policy makers under the neoliberal order. It also tries to explain why the subsistent members are easily uprooted from their land and become migrantworkers during modernization. It also tries to answer why the are often in position as the losers or victims during globalization. Thehope that the State is able to protect the vulnerables is fading away under the domination of pro market policy. Children and women as thesilent victims are the evidence of absolute surrender of the subsistent community. State incapacity to protect the most vulnerable citizens is the evidence of the coming of new wave of neocolonialism. This is also a proof the modernization is also part of conquering when halfhearted modernization has placed them at the bottom of the pyramid of modernity which is vulnerable to be exploited without the ability tospeak and to be listened."