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"Pemukiman karyawan Perusahaan X yang sejak awal digunakan pada tahun 2009 telahmemunculkan banyak keluhan dari penghuni tentang buruknya kualitas udara di dalamruangan Keluhan tersebut berupa udara kamar yang lembab bau apek dan munculnyakapang pada mebel dan barang barang pribadi penghuni Tujuan utama penelitian iniadalah untuk menganalisa masalah utama buruknya kualitas udara dalam pemukimankaryawan Perusahaan X yang berhubungan dengan kontaminasi kapang danmengevaluasi metoda pengendalian yang digunakan Tujuan khususnya adalahmenganalisis hubungan antara kontaminasi kapang dengan parameter IAQ lainnyaseperti kelembaban relatif suhu pencahayaan laju ventilasi kadar debu kadar gaskarbon dioksida dan termasuk karakteristik ruangan atau lokasi pengambilan sampel Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei Juni 2014 Desain studi yang digunakan adalahcross sectional dengan total sample 48 sample kamar dengan 10 parameter IAQterukur dan analisis menggunakan model bivariat hingga multivariat.Hasil penelitianmenunjukan bahwa rata rata jumlah koloni kapang pada kamar di pemukiman karyawandalam kategori kontaminasi tinggi 731 CFU m3 Kelembaban relative terukur cukup tinggi rata rata 84 4 RH dimana variabel ini memeiliki hubungan yang signifikandengan jumlah koloni kapang dengan nilai p 0 0001 Variabel lain yang memilikihubungan bermakna dengan jumlah koloni kapang adalah suhu basah wet bulbtemperature dengan nilai p 0 041 dan kadar gas karbon dioksida dengan nilai p 0 002 Permasalahan IAQ diatasi dengan kombinasi beberapa tindakan sepertimembatasi kontaminasi kapang dari udara luar kamar mengendalikan tingkatkelembaban relatif hingga level yang direkomendasikan Penggunaan outdoordehumidifier penggunaan filter memperbaiki sistem ventilasi merupakan beberapadiantara solusi enjinering bisa diterapkan untuk menurunkan tingkat kelembaban relatifdan membatasi kontaminasi kapang.

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Dormitory building was built to accommodate Company rsquo s employees during theironduty schedule Since the first time building was occupied numbers of complaintswere raised by the occupants The complaints related to poor indoor air quality such ashumid air musty odor visible mold on furnitures and other personal properties Theobjective of this research was to analyse main problem of poor indoor air quality in thedormitory in particular mold contamination and to evaluate control methods that wereused by Company to overcome the issue The specific objectives were to analysecorrelation between mold contamination number of mold colony and other IAQparameters such as relative humidity temperature illumination air velocity dustconcentration carbon dioxide level and room charactristics The research wasperformed in May to June 2014 Cross sectional is the study design that was used for theresearch with 48 room samples and 10 parameters of IAQ were measured and bivariateand multivariate model were used to analyse the data gathered.Result shown that theaverage mold colony in the dormitory rooms was within high concentration range 731CFU m3 Relative humidity was very high 84 4 RH average and it was confirmedhas significant direct relation with amount of mold colony with p value 0 0001 Othervariables that have significant direct relation were wet bulb temperature with p value0 041 dan carbon monoxide with p value 0 002 IAQ problems can be fixed bycombining methods of limiting mold contamination from outside and controllingrelative humidity level into the recommended range The uses of outdoor dehumidifier air filter ventilation system improvement are several engineering solutions that can beapplied to reduce relative humidity level and limit mold contamination."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran Kualitas Udara di Dalam Ruangan Pusat Perbelanjaan Y, Kota Depok, Tahun 2014 dengan melakukan pengukuran tingkat pajanan parameter fisik dan konsentrasi kontaminan kimia. Desain penelitian bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan melalui pengukuran tingkat pajanan parameter fisik dan konsentrasi kontaminan kimia udara dengan cara grab sampling menggunakan direct reading intrument. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara terstruktur kepada pekerja dengan keluhan subjektif sick building syndrome. Hasil dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, parameter kualitas udara di dalam ruangan yang melewati nilai ambang batas adalah lain suhu, kelembaban, CO, SO2, PM2.5, dan PM10.

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This study aims to overview the Indoor Air Quality in Shopping Center Y, Depok, 2014 by measuring the physical exposure level and chemical contaminants concentration. The design study is descriptive analysis with cross-sectional approach. Quantitative research conducted by measuring the physical exposure level and chemical contaminant concentrations by grab sampling using direct reading instruments. Qualitative research conducted through structured interviews to workers with sick building syndrome subjective complaints. The results and conclusions of this research is, the indoor air quality parameters that pass the threshold value is temperature, humidity, CO, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10."

"Kualitas udara dalam ruangan di rumah sakit harus menjadi perhatian khusus karena pasien salah satu sumber pencemar mikroorganisme patogen ke udara yang dapat memicu persebaran infeksi nosokomial, maka dilakukan penelitian terhadap kualitas udara di salah satu rumah sakit di Depok, yaitu Rumah Sakit Tugu Ibu, untuk mengetahui konsentrasi mikroorganisme di udara. Sampel udara diambil menggunakan EMS Bioaerosol Sampler Single Stage Sampler dengan debit aliran udara sebesar 28,3 L/menit. Bakteri di udara diambil selama dua menit pada media Tryptic Soy Agar dan diinkubasi pada temperatur 35-37oC selama 24 jam, sementara itu jamur pada media Malt Extract Agar selama dua menit dan diinkubasi pada temperatur 25-29oC selama 48-72 jam. Koloni yang tumbuh dihitung sebagai colony-forming Units CFU/m3 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil angka kuman, temperature dan kelembaban udara dalam ruangan pada rentang 1.385-2.930 CFU/m3, 25-28oC dan 72-91 yang mana melebihi batas baku mutu KepMenKes No. 1204/MENKES/SK/X/2004. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji non-parametrik untuk menunjukkan korelasi dengan jumlah orang dan hasil menunjukkan korelasi sig< 0,05 pada konsentrasi bakteri dengan jumlah orang dan tidak menunjukkan korelasi sig > 0,05 pada konsentrasi jamur dengan jumlah orang. Berdasarkan pengukuran dan perhitungan, sebagian besar Bilangan Reynold lebih besar dari 2.000 yang mengindikasikan bahwa jenis aliran udara didominasi oleh aliran turbulen. Jumlah pertukaran udara sebagian besar kurang dari 4 kali/jam sehingga tidak memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh ASHRAE 1999 . Besarnya konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur dipengaruhi oleh temperature, kelembaban udara, kecepatan udara, jenis aliran udara, dan pertukaran udara per jam. Sementara itu, jumlah orang sangat berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi bakteri namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi jamur.

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Indoor air quality in hospital has to be considered because patients could be a source of pollutant and lead a nosocomial infection. Therefore, bioaerosol was measured in selected hospitals at city of Depok, which is Tugu Ibu Hospital. Air sampling was conducted by using EMS Bioaerosol Single Stage Sampler and worked at a flowrate of 28.3 l min. Airborne bacteria were collected for two min on Tryptic Soy Agar and then incubated at 35 37oC for 24 h, while fungi on Malt Extract Agar for two min and then incubated at 25 29oC for 48 72 h. The colonies were counted as colony forming units CFU m3 . The result showed that indoor air bacteria and fungi concentrations, air temperature and humidity with the range approximately between 1,385 2,930 CFU m3, 25 28oC and 72 91 , respectively. All the numbers have exceeded the quality of standards by Ministry of Health Decree No. 1204 MENKES SK X 2004. Spearman rank correlation showed strong correlation sig 0.05 between indoor air bacteria concentrations and number of visitors and no correlation sig 0.05 between indoor air fungi concentrations and number of visitors. Based on measurements and calculations, Reynold numbers were mostly over 2,000, which indicated the indoor airflow dominated by turbulent flow. Air change rates were mostly less than 4 times hour and did not meet quality standards by ASHRAE 1999 . Indoor air bacteria and fungi concentrations were influenced by temperature, air humidity and velocity, type of airflow and air change rates. Meanwhile, number of visitors affected the concentration of bacteria but did not on fungi."

"ISPA merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi di Indonesia. Pencemaran udara dalam ruang menjadi salah satu sumber penyebab kejadian penyakit pada saluran pernapasan karena sebagian besar waktu manusia dihabiskan di dalam ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui gambaran dan hubungan Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) udara dalam ruang dengan kejadiaan gejala ISPA pada balita di Desa Sukaraja Kulon dan Sukaraja Wetan Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah penduduk yang memiliki balita dan tinggal di sekitar industri genteng dan jalan. Metode pengambilan sampel yang dipakai adalah purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara PM10 dengan kejadian gejala ISPA pada baita. Namun, gambaran PM10 sangat dipengaruhi oleh ventilasi rumah dan kepadatan hunian yang tidak memenuhi syarat.

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Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an infectious disease it is the most common couse of infant morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Indoor air pollution to be one the couse of respiratory disease becouse most of the times spent in room. This research aims to determine the relationship of Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) as an indoor air pollutant with occurance symptoms of ARI among young children aged < 5 years in Desa Sukaraja Kulon and Sukaraja Wetan, Majalengka year 2013. The research uses cross-sectional study design. The respondents in this study were resident who have children and live around the roof tile industry and road. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. This research indicated no significant association between PM10 with symptoms of ARI in infants. However, the distribution of PM10 showed the high level in the air, it is strongly influence by the ventilation space and density of occupants which are not eligible."

"Upaya mengurangi indikator partikel polusi pada suatu sistem ventilasi udara ialah menggunakan konsep rumah tinggal dengan tipe bangunan banyak zona yang ramah lingkungan. Studi perbandingan sistem ventilasi aliran udara sederhana perlu dilakukan yaitu untuk ventilasi mekanik kontrol dan ventilasi mekanik insuflasi. Indikasi kandungan polutan CO2 (ppm) dan Formaldehida (mg/m3) dari kualitas udara interior serta debit udara segar (m3/jam) yang memberikan kenyaman termal dapat dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi kinerja dari sistem ventilasi. Akan tetapi, ada beberapa polutan lain yang belum dapat diketahui akibat belum adanya data kontaminasi yang dapat menunjukkan nilai batas indeks. Sebuah Simulasi dengan perangkat lunak seperti SIMBAD untuk model bangunan dan perangkat HVAC digunakan untuk menujukkan kemampuan ke dua sistem ventilasi udara. Dalam studi ini, berdasarkan kualitas udara interior dan kenyamanan penghuni diketahui bahwa kinerja ventilasi mekanis kontrol lebih baik dibandingkan ventilasi mekanis insuflasi, serta konsumsi energi listrik lebih efesiensi. Dalam hal ini, kualitas udara dapat memberikan gambaran untuk kandungan dari udara dan prilaku penghuni ruangan. Dimana terdapat indikasi polutan yang diberikan oleh material dinding dan peralatan yang mempengaruhi kualitas udara dalam ruangan. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan kinerja yang baik dari sebuah sistem ventilasi udara, yaitu dapat mengurangi partikul berbahaya dari udara.

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The main of study is to reduce the indicators of the particles pollutions in the air indoor that we used the residential buildings are using a low energy consumption with a multi-zone model. This is an essential study to compare two models of single airflow (simple flux) in the system of mechanical ventilation between mechanical control and mechanical by insufflations. This study is shows the measures of CO2 (ppm) and Formaldehyde (mg/m3); they are reliable and usable to assure a quality of air indoor. Also we obtained the occupation comfort; debit fresh air (m3/hr). These results were used to evaluate the performances of air ventilation system. However, some pollutants are comes into particles insight that could be used or give the difficulties to predicted the contaminations values in base of the pollutant indications. In this study, we used model from SIMBAD building and HVAC toolbox. Based on the occupation comfort and IAQ, we obtained the air ventilation systems by mechanical control has a better performance than mechanical insufflations also more efficiently for the electrical consummation. Hence, the ability models of air ventilation system as shown into the quality of air indoor and occupation behavior. Furthermore, the pollutant emissions from material walls and equipment can be reducing an indoor air quality (IAQ). Therefore, the IAQ with a good characteristic of mechanical ventilation system it might be able to reduce the air dangerous."

"Polusi udara dikaitkan dengan jutaan kematian prematur di seluruh dunia dan 20 di antaranya bersifatpernafasan berasal dari polusi udara outdoor dan indoor dalam bentuk partikel serta gas. Pajanan PM2,5 danformaldehid yang berasal dari dalam ruang memiliki efek kesehatan sejak dini pada anak-anak, karenaanak-anak merupakan kelompok rentan dan selama anak dalam proses pengembangan paru-paru dapatmenyebabkan dampak jangka panjang pada fungsi paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasihubungan pajanan Particulate Matter 2,5 PM2,5 dan formaldehid terhadap gangguan fungsi paru padasiswa Sekolah Menegah Pertama Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional yangdilaksanakan pada Maret-Mei 2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 160 siswa dengan metode simpel randomsampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa berumur 13-15 tahun berisiko mengalami gangguanfungsi paru 2,9 kali dengan IMT tidak normal dan mayoritas perokok pasif serta dengan aktifitas fisik yangkurang atau jarang dilakukan siswa. Pajanan PM2,5 >NAB 35 ? g/m3berisiko 7.2 kali mengalami gangguanfungsi paru pada siswa di sekolah yang berada dekat jalan raya dan konsentrasi formaldehid tinggi berisiko1,6 kali mengalami gangguan fungsi paru pada siswa di sekolah dekat jalan raya dengan kondisi ventilasiyang tidak memenuhi syarat, suhu dan kelembaban tidak normal di sekolah. Perlu dilakukan pengendalianrisiko pencemaran udara dilingkungan sekolah dengan menjauhi atau membatasi diri dari sumber polusiudara.Kata kunci: PM2,5, Formaldehid, Gangguan fungsi paru.

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Air pollution is associated with millions of premature deaths worldwide and 20 of them are respiratoryfrom outdoor and indoor air pollution in the form of particles and gases. Exposure to PM2.5 andformaldehyde derived from space has an early health effect on children, as children are a vulnerable groupand during childhood in the lung development process can cause long term effects on lung function. Thisstudy aims to identify the exposure relationship of Particulate Matter 2.5 PM2,5 and formaldehyde to lungfunction impairment in Depok State Junior High School students. This study uses a cross sectional studyconducted in March May 2018. The number of samples as many as 160 students with a simple randomsampling method. The results showed that students aged 13 15 years are at risk of impaired lung function2.9 times with abnormal BMI and the majority of passive smokers and with less physical activity or rarelydo students. Exposure of PM2.5 NAB 35 g m3 at risk 7.2 times impaired lung function in students atschools located near the highway and high formaldehyde concentrations at risk of 1.6 times impaired lungfunction in students at schools near highway with no ventilation conditions Eligible, temperature andhumidity are not normal at school. It is necessary to control the risks of air pollution within the schoolenvironment by avoiding or restricting themselves from sources of air pollution.Key words Particulate Matter2,5, Formaldehyde, Lung Function."

"Berbagai aktivitas seperti merokok, memasak dan polutan dari luar rumah berpengaruh terhadap kualitas udara dalam rumah. Hal ini perlu menjadi perhatian karena balita menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya di dalam rumah. Terlebih, balita merupakan tahap pertumbuhan yang rentan terhadap gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan untuk mengestimasi pajanan PM2,5 udara dalam rumah pada balita di wilayah dua kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur dan Kecamatan Natar, Lampung Selatan. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh balita di dua wilayah kecamatan. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode random multistage sampling dengan jumlah sampel untuk Duren Sawit sebanyak 71 rumah tangga dan Natar sebanyak 40 rumah tangga. Sampel lingkungan adalah udara dalam rumah di rumah tangga terpilih kemudian diukur konsentrasi PM2,5. Selain itu dilakukan pengambilan data antropometri balita berupa lama pajanan, frekuensi pajanan, durasi pajanan, dan berat badan. Dari perhitungan estimasi risiko didapatkan hasil bahwa tingkat risiko realtime dan lifespan balita di Kecamatan Natar lebih besar dibandingkan Kecamatan Duren Sawit meskipun berdasarkan uji t-test independen tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat risiko yang bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Upaya manajemen risiko yang disarankan ialah dengan mengurangi konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumah dengan mengurangi aktivitas merokok di dalam rumah, mengurangi penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar, membuat lubang penghawaan di dapur, dan menanam tanaman di sekitar rumah.

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Various activities such as smoking, cooking and outdoor pollutant affect to the indoor air quality. Its to be a concern because toddler spends most of their time in the house. Moreover, the growth stage of toddler is susceptible to health problems. This research use risk assessement analysis method to estimate risk level of PM2,5 exposure in indoor house air on toddler in two sub-district, Duren Sawit, East Jakarta and Natar, South Lampung. Population study is all toddler in two sub-district. Using random multistage sampling with sample size as much as 71 household in Duren Sawit and 40 household in Natar. The environment sample are consentration of PM2,5 in selected household. Anthropometric data are time, frequency, duration of exposure, and weigth collected by interview with toddler’s mother. Risk quotient (RQ) calculation showed that risk level in realtime and lifespan exposure in Natar are greater than Duren Sawit although there was no statistically significant difference based on independent t-test (p>0,05). The best risk management suggested to decrease consentration of PM2,5 in indoor house by reducing smoking activity in the house, reducing the use of mosquito coils, making kitchen ventilation, and planting around the house."

"[ABSTRAKPM2,5 merupakan salah satu indikator adanya pencemaran udara dalamruang (indoor air pollution). Indonesia termasuk peringkat kelima jumlah kasus TBterbesar di dunia, dan Kota Cirebon merupakan kota dengan angka penemuan kasusTB paru tertinggi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmenganalisis hubungan PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah dengan kejadian TBparu BTA positif di Kota Cirebon.Disain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Kriteria kasus adalah penderitabaru TB Paru yang berusia minimal 15 tahun dan hasil pemeriksaan sputum positifberdasarkan konfirmasi laboratorium Puskesmas periode November 2014 s/d April2015 serta bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Kriteria kontrol adalah tetanggaterdekat kasus yang tidak menderita TB paru, tidak memiliki gejala klinis mirip TBparu berdasarkan konfirmasi dari petugas puskesmas setempat, berusia minimal 15tahun dan bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Total jumlah sampel adalah 168responden dengan jumlah kasus adalah 84 responden, dan kontrol 84 responden.Konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah berpengaruh terhadapkejadian TB paru BTA positif di Kota Cirebon (OR 7,034; 95% CI 3,570 ? 13,860).Variabel lainnya yang signifikan adalah jenis kelamin (OR 3,947; 95% CI 2,026-7,692), lama berada di rumah (OR 2,682; 95% CI 1,430 ? 5,028), jenis bahan bakarmemasak (OR 3,260; 95% CI 1,116-9,523), status merokok (OR 3,034; 95% CI1,446 ? 6,365), jenis atap rumah (OR 3,713; 95% CI 1,945 ? 7,089), dan lajuventilasi kamar (OR 2,493; 95% CI 1,264 ? 4,918). Hasil analisis multivariatdengan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumahberhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru BTA positif (OR adjusted 6,14; 95% CI2,904-12,975) dikontrol oleh variabel jenis kelamin, jenis atap rumah, dan lajuventilasi kamar. Masih banyak rumah yang belum dilengkapi jendela atauventilasinya kurang, atap rumah tidak dilengkapi oleh langit-langit, sehingga masihbanyak rumah yang tidak memenuhi kriteria rumah sehat. Diperlukan upayapeningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang kriteria rumah sehat,dan masyarakat agar menjaga pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, termasuk tidakmerokok.

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ABSTRACTPM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking.;PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking., PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking.]"

"Penelitian ini melakukan investigasi terhadap faktor-faktor ergonomi yang berhubungan dengan Indoor Health and Comfort/IHC (dengan indikator keluhan gejala SBS dan kenyamanan kerja) dan keluhan MSS yang dialami oleh pegawai fungsional dan staf di Kantor X. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kantor X dengan objek penelitian yaitu pegawai fungsional dan staf yang bekerja menggunakan komputer/laptop dan berada di ruangan staf bertipe cubicle (ruangan A, B, C, D, dan E). Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pengamatan, wawancara, pengukuran kualitas lingkungan kerja di dalam ruangan serta pengisian kuesioner kenyamanan kerja, keluhan gejala SBS dan keluhan MSS. 53,85% pegawai memiliki tingkat kenyamanan kerja tinggi dan 46,15% pegawai memiliki tingkat kenyamanan kerja rendah. 53,85% pegawai merasakan keluhan gejala SBS dengan keluhan paling banyak ditemui 33,85% mata lelah dan 33,85% lelah atau mengantuk. 78,57% pegawai mengalami keluhan MSS. Faktor-faktor ergonomi yang tidak sesuai dengan standar meliputi: dimensi kursi, dimensi meja, penggunaan perangkat komputer, postur kerja, dimensi ruangan, layout ruangan, warna ruangan, serta faktor lingkungan berupa kebisingan, pencahayaan, temperatur, kelembaban, karbondioksida, formaldehyde, dan VOCs. Ditemukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara faktor level aktivitas dengan kenyamanan kerja; serta faktor konsentrasi VOCs dengan keluhan gejala SBS. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara faktor-faktor ergonomi yang diteliti dengan keluhan MSS.

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This study presents our investigations of ergonomic factors that related to Indoor Health and Comfort/IHC (with indicators Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms and work comfort) and Musculaskeletal Symptoms (MSS) suffered by functional and staff workers in Office X year 2017. Conducted in X Office in Indonesia, with the object study are functional and staff workers who work using computer or laptop in staff room which cubicle type (room A, B, C, D, and E). This study perform via walktrought observation, interview, measure indoor air quality/environment factors and fill indoor comfort quesionaire, SBS symptoms quesionaire and Nordic Body Map (NBM) quesionaire . 53,85% of workers have a high level of work comfort and 46,15% of workers have a low level of work comfort. 53,85% of workers suffered complaint of SBS symptoms with at most complaint of SBS symptoms be found are 33,85% tired or strained eyes and 33,85% fatigue or drowsiness. 78,57% of workers suffered MSS complaint. Ergonomic factors that not comform to standard include seat dimensions, table dimensions, computer used, work posture, room dimensions, room layout, room colors, and noise, lighting, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide , formaldehyde, and VOCs. There is significant relationship between activity level factors and work comfort; VOCs concentration and complaint of SBS symptoms. There is no significant relationship between ergonomic factors are studied and MSS complaint."

"Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) merupakan masalah yang sering dialami oleh penghuni gedung namun penyebabnya tidak diketahui pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas udara dalam ruang dengan kejadian SBS di gedung 4 BPS Jakarta Pusat. Digunakan disain studi cross- sectional, variabel independen adalah kualitas udara dalam ruang (kadar PM10, suhu, kelembaban) dan karakteristik individu (jenis kelamin, kelompok pekerjaan, durasi penggunaan komputer). Analisa statistik memberikan hasil proporsi kejadian SBS adalah 45,2%, dari enam variabel yang berhubungan signifikan secara statistik adalah jabatan sekretarial (p-value=0,022, OR=3,714). Lantai dengan kadar PM10, suhu, dan kelembaban tinggi memiliki kejadian SBS yang tinggi juga, dan sebaliknya.

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Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a frequent problem experienced by residents of buildings but the causes are still unknown. This study aims to determine the relationship between the indoor air quality with SBS occurence in 4th building of BPS, Central Jakarta. We used cross-sectional study design, with the indoor air quality (PM10 levels, temperature, humidity) and individual characteristics (gender, occupation, duration of computer use) as independent variables. From the results of statistical analysis, SBS incidence proportion is 45.2%, from all six variables the one that is statistically significant is secretarial position (p value = 0.022, OR = 3.714). Floors with high PM10 levels, temperature, and high humidity have a high incidence of SBS as well, and vice versa."