Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) merupakan metode analisis numerik aliran fluida, perpidahan panas, dan fenomena terkait. Simulasi CFD seringkali membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan biaya komputasi yang mahal. Ini disebabkan oleh kompleksitas persamaan atur yang mendasari perilaku aliran. Dewasa ini, Model berbasis data (Data driven model) telah mendorong perkembangan pada banyak disiplin sains dan teknik, termasuk CFD. Melalui model berbasis data, orde dari persamaan atur dapat direduksi sehingga menghasilkan reduced order model (ROM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan algoritma dasar ROM untuk menyelesaikan kasus aliran menggunakan library ITHACA-FV. Kasus aliran fluida yang menjadi domain adalah aliran stedi tak mampu mampat Navier-Stokes pada backward-facing step. Kemudian solusi FOM dan ROM dibandingkan. Pada simulasi ROM mode 1 pada kasus backward-facing step terdapat error rata-rata sebesar 2,730% untuk data kecepatan dan 0,113% untuk data tekanan. Sedangkan simulasi ROM mode 3 pada kasus yang sama memiliki error rata-rata 1,085% untuk data kecepatan dan 0,058% untuk data tekanan.

---

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a method of numerical analysis of fluid flow, heat transfer, and related phenomena. CFD simulation often takes a long time and is computationally expensive. This is due to the complexity of the governing equations that underlie flow behavior. Fluid flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equation which is non-linear and generally produces a random behavior called turbulence. Today, Data driven models have made developments in many scientific and engineering disciplines, including CFD. Through a data-based model, the order of the governing equations can be reduced to produce a reduced order model (ROM). This study aims to explain the basic ROM algorithm to solve fluid flow cases through the ITHACA-FV library. The fluid flow case that becomes the domain is the steady-state Navier-Stokes incompressible flow in the backward-facing step. Then the FOM and ROM solutions are compared. ROM mode 1 simulation has average error of 2.730% for velocity and 0.113% for pressure data. ROM mode 3 simulation has an average error of 1.085% for speed data and 0.058% for pressure data.

"

"Laporan magang ini bertujuan untuk melakukan refleksi diri atas pengalaman magang dan melakukan evaluasi atas verifikasi dokumen dan pengakuan tagihan pada PT RK. PT RK merupakan anak perusahaan dari PT X yang bergerak pada bidang konstruksi. Evaluasi pengendalian internal proses penagihan menggunakan komponen aktivitas pengendalian dari kerangka pengendalian internal COSO. Komponen aktivitas pengendalian yang dievaluasi terdiri dari verifikasi, rekonsiliasi, otorisasi dan persetujuan, pemisahan tugas pengendalian data utama, pengendalian supervisi, dan pengendalian teknologi. Setelah melakukan evaluasi, PT RK telah melaksanakan pengendalian internal dengan baik. Evaluasi juga dilakukan terhadap pengakuan tagihan PT RK. PT RK telah mengakui tagihan sesuai dengan PSAK 72. Berdasarkan refleksi diri dari pengalaman yang didapat saat program magang, hal yang harus ditingkatkan kembali adalah komunikasi, tanggung jawab dan semangat dalam bekerja, serta memperdalam ilmu pengetahuan terkait akuntansi dan keuangan.

---

This internship report aims to conduct self reflection based on internship experience and evaluate the document verification and recognition of account receivable at PT RK. PT RK is a subsidiary of PT X which is engaged in the construction sector. Evaluation of the billing process internal control using the control activity component of the COSO internal control framework. The control activity components that were evaluated consisted of verification, reconciliation, authorization and approval, segregation of duties for main data control, supervisory control, and technology control. After conducting the evaluation, PT RK has a very good internal control implementation. Evaluation was also carried out on the recognition of PT RK’s billing. PT RK has acknowledged accordance with PSAK 72. After reflecting on the experience gained during the internship program, things that must be improved are communication, responsibility and enthusiasm for work, also deepening knowledge related to accounting and finance."

"This text provides a teachable and readable approach to transport phenomena (momentum, heat, and mass transport) by providing numerous examples and applications, which are particularly important to metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers. Because the authors feel that it is important for students and practicing engineers to visualize the physical situations, they have attempted to lead the reader through the development and solution of the relevant differential equations by applying the familiar principles of conservation to numerous situations and by including many worked examples in each chapter. The book is organized in a manner characteristic of other texts in transport phenomena. Section I deals with the properties and mechanics of fluid motion; Section II with thermal properties and heat transfer; and Section III with diffusion and mass transfer. The authors depart from tradition by building on a presumed understanding of the relationships between the structure and properties of matter, particularly in the chapters devoted to the transport properties (viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the diffusion coefficients). In addition, generous portions of the text, numerous examples, and many problems at the ends of the chapters apply transport phenomena to materials processing."