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"Merangkum berbagai topik kesenian, baik yang menyangkut konsepsi, gagasan, fenomena maupun kajian"

"The treaty establishing the European Union constitution has not been fully accepted by European society, which is marked with the resulth of the vote (referendum) in France and the Netherlands.But this does not mean the end of regionalization of Europe. The earlier agreements will remain to be the bases for continuation effort. The interaction growing among the citizens of Europe,which is no longer limited by states, will improve cultural assimilation as well as build awareness in further integration process."

"This article tries to give an image on whether or not european Law can be considered as a genre in law. The treaty of the European Union, the institution of European Union itself,the role of European Court of Justice, and the draft of the European constitution all combined made the European Union not just an ordinary Regional International Organization but more a distinctful European Federation,because it still holds the sovereignty of each member states. What even more interesting to analyze is how European law combines the tradition of Roman Law and tradition of the Anglo Saxon Law. Due to these distinctive features, any country conducting bilateral relations with any ot the member states should also put some considerations to the European law that will affect their bilateral relations."

"This article explains the development of European law in the past, and how it evolved into its contemporary state.Globalization of European law influences the relations between European Union and Indonesia, especially in the trade sector.Both legal systems inevitably become more intertwined in the global context.This article also focused on how European law has given contribution to the development of Indonesia legal system."

"ABSTRAK Lima belas negara Eropa bergabung dalam sebuah union, mencoba saling mengerti segala perbedaan budaya, kebiasaan, dan pengalaman. Mereka menyatukan keinginan untuk dapat hidup damai serta memainkan peran dan pengaruhnya dalam percaturan politik dan keamanan internasional. Cita-cita Uni Eropa (UE) menjadi salah satu aktor politik internasional jelas membutuhkan suatu Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) dari kelima belas anggotanya, sehingga pada akhirnya kelak terwujud suatu foreign and security policy identity. Berakhirnya Perang Dingin serta munculnya kembali konflik-konflik di Eropa dan kawasan sekitarnya makin menambah pentingnya bagi UE untuk segera mewujudkan CFSP. Hal ini bukan saja penting bagi eropa untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan pengaruh mereka di panggung politik dunia, tetapi juga bagi struktur politik internasional itu sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini selain berusaha mendeskripsikan permasalahan yang ada, ada juga menjelaskan CFSP berdasarkan perjanjian Masstricht dan/atau Perjanjian Amsterdam, serta segala hal yang menyangkut dengan kepentingan nasional dan sen-timen kedaulatan nasional Negara anggotanya. Pada akhirnya tampak bahwa sejak semula permasalahan utama pembentukan kerjasama politik dan keamanan di Eropa ternyata ialah bagaimana menurunkan sensivitas kedaulatan nasional Negara-negara anggotanya, sehingga jika setiap Negara anggota mampu menurunkannya maka akan lebih mudah bagi UE untuk melaksanakan setiap keputusan dan mewujudkan keberhasilan CFSP yang efektif dan efisien di masa depan. Permasalahan mengenai kedaulatan Negara ini antara lain tampak nyata dan dapat diidentifikasikan dalam berbagai hal antara lain sebagai berikut: (1) bagai-mana menyelaraskan politik luar negeri Negara-negara anggota secara efektif di dalamnya; (2) masalah instrument atau alat pelaksana kebijakan; dan tidak kalah pentingnya (3) bagaimana UE menyikapi dan mengatasi prosedur pencapaian suatu posisi, tindakan, dan deklarasi bersama dalam lingkup CFSP yang dirasakan belum sempurna."

"Uni Eropa adalah organisasi internasional di wilayah Eropa yang bertujuan untuk mencapai integrasi Eropa. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, Uni Eropa membentuk sistem hukum regionalnya sendiri yang saat ini sudah menjadi komponen yang tidak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan politik dan bermasyarakat di Uni Eropa. Walaupun demikian, keberlakuan hukum internasional dalam sistem hukum regional Uni Eropa jarang sekali dibahas. Beberapa tahun belakang, hubungan antara hukum internasional dan hukum regional Uni Eropa baru banyak dibicarakan dalam kaitannya dengan otonomi hukum regional Uni Eropa. Dalam beberapa kondisi, Uni Eropa tidak terikat dengan perjanjian internasional atau norma-norma hukum internasional. Putusan-putusan Mahkamah Eropa baru-baru ini menekankan otonomi hukum regional Uni Eropa di atas hukum internasional. Putusan-putusan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa hubungan antara hukum internasional dengan hukum regional Uni Eropa tidak lagi dilihat menurut teori monisme dan dualisme saja, tetapi dengan teori lain yang lebih kompleks.

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European Union is an international organization whose obejective is to develop a European integration. In order to achieve the idea of European integration, European Union created its own legal order which has already becomean established component of European Union's political life and society. Yet, the effect of international law within the Union's domestic order receives far less attention. Over the past decade, the relationship between European and international law has largely been commented through the prism of the autonomy.

In some instances, however, the European Union is not bound by a treaty or international norm. Recent decisions issued by the Court of Justice of the European Union having emphasized the integrity of the European Union legal system.It indicates the relationship between the EU and international law can no longer be understood on the basis of monism or dualism theory, but a much more complex theory."

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Balkan conflict caused by the dissolution of Sosialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1990 which brought about various conflicts both inter-states or interenal conflicts among states of fomrer Yugoslavia. As a region which is contiguous directly to European Union (EU), the existing conflicts in Balkan could influence political stability and security that is developed by EU as "an area of jreedom, security and justice". The solution effort of Balkan conflicts carried out by EU as one of its ideas materialization to unifly Europe in one solid and strong institution European Union.

EU?s policy in solving the conflicts in Balkan region mentioned in Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), namely (i) strengthening "security building" as an effort to prevent conflict and enforcing regional stability by facilitating peaceful and constitutional agreements both through diplomacy or sending peace-keeping forces; and (ii) strengthening ?ins!itution building" or development economic aids with a view to creating an efficient policy-making in line with EU?s standards, with laying agenda of pre-access Balkan region into EU.

It is undeniable that the susceptibility of Balkan region mainly caused by its brittleness of political situation owing to the fall of communism which ended the cold war in 1990 and hardening the existed ethnic conflicts in the region. Dark history of inter-ethnic conflicts brought about by the existing copious ethnicities nationalism led to tragedy of ?ethnic cleansing" in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovia by Yugoslav ruler. lt was depicting how strong the situation and condition with nuance of "ethnopolirics " in Balkan region.

At the outset, EU regarded that the Balkan conflicts as domestic regional problem which may solved by its own region. However, for the sake of regional stability and security, EU was urged to take part more actively in the solution of Balkan conflict. Through CFSP, EU was demanded to be able to settle Balkan conflicts comprehensively through ?secw-ity and development? (soft politics) and ?de_nends? (hard politics) policies. Notwithstanding, the solution of various conflicts faced by Balkan states still leit problems which any time can come up and become new conflicts that EU will cope with the future."

"Semakin berkembangnya kelembagaan dan misi eksternal Uni Eropa khususnya dalam mempromosikan norma-normanya mendorong literatur-literatur untuk membahas peran Uni Eropa sebagai normative power. Normative power dianggap sebagai salah satu peran internasional Uni Eropa yang membedakannya dengan aktor-aktor internasional lainnya. Kendati telah banyak digunakan dalam berbagai literatur mengenai Uni Eropa, namun konsep normative power belum mendapat perhatian serius dari literatur-literatur disiplin Ilmu Hubungan Internasional yang lebih luas. Kajian literatur ini membahas bagaimana perkembangan literatur mengenai Uni Eropa sebagai normative power. Dengan metode taksonomi, kajian literatur ini menunjukkan perkembangan literatur Uni Eropa sebagai normative power berada dalam empat kategori: 1 konseptualisasi normative power; 2 penggunaan normative power, 3 persepsi aktor mitra terhadap normative power, dan 4 Uni Eropa sebagai normative power dalam perspektif Hubungan Internasional. Berdasarkan berbagai literatur yang sudah dikaji, kajian literatur ini berpendapat bahwa peran Uni Eropa sebagai normative power merupakan suatu konstruksi yang dikembangkan oleh akademisi dan pejabat Uni Eropa untuk menemukan relevansi dan mengangkat posisi politik Uni Eropa dalam peran internasionalnya. Konstruksi ini dipertegas melalui seleksi memori yang dilakukan oleh Uni Eropa terhadap klaim normative power-nya. Kajian literatur ini juga menunjukkan terbatasnya keberhasilan penggunaan normative power oleh Uni Eropa terhadap para mitranya. Perkembangan literatur turut mengidentifikasi kecenderungan skeptisisme aktor-aktor mitra Uni Eropa terhadap penggunaan normative power oleh Uni Eropa. Selain itu, kajian literatur ini berargumen bahwa konsep normative power memiliki kecenderungan adanya bias Eurosentris dan perkembangan literatur didominasi oleh literatur-literatur liberal dan konstruktivis. Berdasarkan literatur-literatur yang ditinjau, tulisan ini menemukan adanya celah riset pada persepsi aktor mitra Uni Eropa terhadap normative power dan penulisan melalui perspektif non Eropa.

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The development of European Union's institutions and external mission, especially in promoting its norms, encourages literature to discuss the role of the EU as normative power. Normative power is considered one of the EU's international roles that distinguishes it from other international actors. Although widely used in literature on the European Union, the concept of normative power has not received serious attention from the wider International Relations readers.

This literature review discusses how the development of literature on the European Union as normative power. Using taxonomy method, this literature review shows the literature development of the EU as normative power fall into four categories: 1 the conceptualization of normative power; 2 the use of normative power, 3 partner actors' perceptions of normative power; and 4 EU as normative power according to IR perspectives.

Based on the literature that has been studied, this literature review argues that the role of the EU as normative power is a construction developed by academics and EU officials to find relevance and elevate the political position of the European Union in its international role. It is reasserted by how EU do memory selection to its own history in claiming its normative power.

This literature review also shows the limited success of normative usage power by the EU against its partners. The development of literature also identifies the tendency of skepticism of EU partner actors against the use of normative power by the European Union. In addition, this literature review argues that the concept of normative power has a tendency for Eurocentric bias and the development of literature dominated by liberal and constructivist literature.

Based on the literature reviewed, this paper found a research gap on the perceptions of EU partner actors and writing through a non-European perspective. "