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"Peripheral Receptor Targets for Analgesia reviews the role of peripheral receptor mechanisms in the transduction of pain, providing a framework for the development of new and effective rationally-designed analgesic drugs and therapies with and promoting further basic and clinical studies on potentially interesting peripheral receptor targets. It uniquely brings together in one text the diverse body of work on peripheral receptor mechanisms of pain. This comprehensive reference aids pharmaceutical scientists, pharmacologists, and neuroscientists developing drugs and researching pain in achieving selectivity in drug therapy for more efficient pain management."

"This book discusses recent advances in biology, chemistry, and pharmacology at both the preclinical and clinical stage of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) drug discovery research. Chapters explore the impact and drug targeting of TRPV1 in inflammation, migraine, arthritis, and cancer; as well as the development of analgesic drugs. The TRPV1 receptor is not limited to pain only, and the book covers its role in chronic cough, bladder disorders, and asthma. The book features data relevant to the therapeutic potential of TRPV1 and the medicinal chemistry involved in designing TRPV1 antagonists."

"Latar Belakang : Nyeri seringkali tidak dikelola dengan adekuat pada lebih kurang separo dari semua kasus bedah. 1 Sebuah konsep baru untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri dengan pemberian analgetik sebelum munculnya stimulus nyeri , lebih efektif dibandingkan pemberian analgetik setelah munculnya stimulus nyeri. Inilah prinsip dari preemptive analgesia.1 Nyeri pasca operasi dapat diatasi dengan penggunaan blok anestesi lokal, Opioid, obat anti inflamasi non steroid, atau kombinasi dari ketiganya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Ketorolak pra operasi pada nyeri Pasca Operasi pada pasien yang dilakukan operasi prostatektomi transuretral, di RSUP dr Sardjito Yogyakarta. Manfaat bagi pasien adalah meningkatnya kenyamanan dengan menurunnya sensasi nyeri pasca operasi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang, analitik, dan prospektif. Kami mengelompokkan pasien pembesaran prostat jinak (PPJ) dari bulan Oktober 2011 sampai Februari 2012 di RSUP dr Sardjito Yogyakarta menjadi dua. Kelompok I diberikan Ketorolak 30 mg intravena dua kali sehari , sehari sebelum operasi dan pagi hari sebelum operasi . Kelompok II tidak diberikan Ketorolak preoperatif. Pasien dilakukan operasi prostatektomi transuretral dengan anastesi spinal. Setelah 24 jam pasca operasi, kami melakukan wawancara tentang sensasi nyeri dengan menggunakan Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) . Kemudian dibandingkan antar kelompok I dan II.Hasil: Duapuluh empat pasien termasuk dalam penelitian ini dengan rerata umur 66 tahun dengan usia paling muda 45 tahun dan tertua 80 tahun (sd 8,77744). Kelompok I ( 17 pasien ) , Skor VAS 1 hingga 7 dengan median 3 dan rerata 3,4118 ( sd 1,66053 ) . Kelompok II ( 7 pasien ) Skor VAS 1 hingga 8 dengan median 3 dan rerata 3,8571 ( sd 2,8357 ). Kami menghitung secara statistik menggunakan tes Mann-Witney U dengan p 0,951.Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan nyeri pasca operasi yang bermakna antara pasien yang dilakukan operasi prostatektomi transuretral yang diberikan Ketorolak praoperasi dan yang tidak diberikan Ketorolak pra operasi.

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Background : Pain is often not assesed adequately in about half of all surgical case. 1 There is a new concept to relief pain by administering analgesics before pain stimulus, which is more effective than when administered after pain stimulus. This is the principle of preemptive analgesia.1 Postoperative pain maybe controlled by the use of local anaesthetic block, opioids, non steroidal anti inflamatory drugs or combination of these. The aim of this study is to know the effect of preoperative Ketorolak on postoperative Transurethral Prostatectomy pain in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. We expected to increase patients comfort by decreasing postoperative pain sensation.Methods: This is a cross sectional, analitic, prospective study. We devide BPH patients - from October 2011 until February 2012 in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta - into two groups. Group I given Ketorolak 30 mg intravenously twice a day one day before operation day and in the morning before operation. Group II without Ketorolak preoperatively. Patient undergo Transurethral operation with spinal anaesthesia. After 24 hours ,postoperatively, we asses pain using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) . And then we compare between Group I and Group IIResult: Twenty four patients were included in this study with mean of the age is 66 years old with the youngest 45 years old and the oldest 80 years old (sd 8,77744). Group I ( 17 patients) , VAS score 1 until 7 with median 3 and mean 3,4118 ( sd 1,66053 ) . Group II ( 7 patients ) VAS score 1 until 8 with median 3 and mean 3,8571 ( sd 2,8357 ). We count it using Mann-Witney U with p 0,951.Conclusion: There is no significance difference of postoperative pain between Transurethral prostatectomy patients which administered and without Ketorolak preoperatively."

"Mayoritas populasi produktif di Indonesia merupakan pekerja dengan lebih dari setengah populasi di Kota Depok merupakan pekerja yang bergerak di sektor formal. Pekerja diharapkan melakukan aktivitas pekerjaannya dengan kondisi sehat. Namun, pada kenyataannya pekerja menjadi populasi yang rentan mengalami penurunan kesehatan yang dibuktikan dengan tingginya angka cedera dan gangguan otot tulang rangka akibat kerja. Masalah tersebut disebabkan oleh berbagai macam yang salah satunya yaitu bahaya ergonomis. Gangguan otot dan tulang rangka akibat kerja menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan fisik seperti nyeri terutama pada leher dan punggung. Bersama dengan pemerintah, perawat ikut andil dalam peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan pekerja melalui pendekatan keluarga dengan pemberian asuhan keperawatan. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini yaitu memberikan gambaran penerapan intervensi latihan peregangan dan mekanika tubuh untuk mengatasi masalah keperawatan nyeri akut pada keluarga dengan pekerja sektor formal. Intervensi latihan peregangan dan mekanika tubuh dilakukan selama 3 minggu sebanyak 9 kali pertemuan. Pemeriksaan tingkat nyeri menggunakan Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) yang diukur pada sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa intervensi latihan peregangan dan mekanika tubuh dapat menurunkan skala nyeri sebanyak 7 skala yaitu dari skala nyeri 8 menjadi 1. Penerapan latihan peregangan dan mekanika tubuh harus dilakukan secara rutin untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Latihan peregangan dan mekanika tubuh dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif bagi pekerja sebagai upaya untuk menurunkan keluhan nyeri.

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The majority of the productive population in Indonesia are workers with more than half of the population in Depok working in the formal sector. Workers are expected to carry out their work activities in a healthy condition. However, in reality, workers are a population that is vulnerable to declining health as evidenced by the high number of injuries and skeletal muscle disorders due to work. This problem is caused by various kinds of hazards, one of which is the hazard of ergonomics. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders cause physical discomfort such as pain, especially in the neck and back. Together with the government, nurses take part in improving workers' health services through a family approach by providing nursing care. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to provide an overview of the application of stretching exercises and body mechanics interventions to overcome acute pain nursing problems in families with formal sector workers. The intervention of stretching exercises and body mechanics was carried out for 3 weeks in 9 meetings. Examination of the level of pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) which was measured before and after the intervention. The evaluation results show that the intervention of stretching and body mechanics exercises can reduce the pain scale as much as 7 scales, from a pain scale of 8 to 1. The application of stretching and body mechanics exercises must be done regularly to get optimal results. Stretching and body mechanics exercises can be used as an alternative for workers as an attempt to reduce pain."

"This book describes both the technologies used in the discovery of melanoma biomarkers and the clinical application of these biomarkers for diagnosis and staging of disease, determination of prognosis, treatment planning, monitoring of response to therapy, identification of novel therapeutic targets and drug development. A broad range of biomarkers (DNA/chromosomal, mRNA, microRNA, mitochondrial DNA, epigenetic and protein) is outlined. As therapies for melanoma become increasingly more target specific, the identification, validation and use of biomarkers will invariably play a greater role in the management of patients with this disease."

"Abstract:Provides an essential pain management injection technique. From head and neck to foot and ankle - and everywhere between - this title equips you to perform a range of clinical injection techniques with greater confidence."

"Nyeri merupakan alasan primer bagi mayoritas pasien Artritis Reumatoid (AR) datang berobat. Walaupun pasien sudah masuk dalam kriteria remisi, sebagian besar pasien masih melaporkan nyeri yang signifikan dan berkepanjangan. Nyeri kronis diperkirakan berkaitan dengan proses noninflamatorik dan mekanisme sentral, sehingga perlu dipertimbangkan intervensi psikologis sebagai terapi ajuvan—selain edukasi, terapi farmakologis, serta rehabilitasi fisik sebagai tiga aspek utama pilar tatalaksana AR. Salah satu modalitas intervensi psikologis terbaru yang banyak dikembangkan adalah intervensi mindfulnesss yang berfokus terhadap keadaan saat ini (present moment), keterbukaan, dan penerimaan (acceptance) terhadap pengalaman saat ini. Pada penelitian ini 15 subjek penderita AR diberikan intervensi mindfulnesss berbasis video sebanyak 3 kali, dengan durasi 10-15 menit setiap sesi, dan diberikan perawatan standar dari dokter penyakit dalam ahli reumatologi. Skala nyeri dinilai menggunakan Visual Analog Scale (VAS) dan aktivitas penyakit dinilai menggunakan instrumen Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28). Didapatkan perbedaan rerata skor nyeri yang signifikan antara sebelum dengan setelah mendapatkan intervensi (beda rerata: 13,33, 95% IK 7,37-19,30, p<0,001). Latihan mandiri pada fase awal juga ditemukan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap perubahan skor nyeri (beda rerata: 10,60, 95% IK 0,83-20,37, p=0,036). Walaupun demikian, masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk meneliti faktor-faktor apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan skor nyeri.

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Pain is the main reason for the majority of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients seek treatment. Eventhough patients have met the remission criteria, most patients still report significant and prolonged pain. Chronic pain is thought to be related to non-inflammatory processes and central mechanisms, so it is necessary to consider psychological interventions as adjuvant therapy—in addition to education, pharmacological therapy, and physical rehabilitation as the three main aspects of RA management. One of the most recent psychological intervention modalities that has been developed is mindfulnesss-based intervention that focuses on the present moment and acceptance of current experiences. In this study, 15 subjects with AR were given 3 video-based mindfulnesss interventions, with duration of 10-15 minutes for each session, and were given standard care from rheumatologist. The pain scale was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) instrument. There was a significant difference in the mean pain score between before and after receiving the intervention (mean difference: 13.33, 95% CI 7.37-19.30, p<0.001). Independent exercise in the early phase also found a significant relationship to changes in pain scores (mean difference: 10.60, 95% CI 0.83-20.37, p=0.036). Even so, further research is still needed to study the factors that influence changes in pain scores."