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"RNA Interference: Application to Drug Discovery and Challenges to Pharmaceutical Development provides a general overview of this rapidly emerging field, with a strong emphasis on issues and aspects that are important to a drug development team. The first part covers more general background of RNA interference and its application in drug discovery. In the second part, the book addresses siRNA (small interfering RNA), a pharmaceutically potent form, and its use and delivery in therapeutics along with manufacturing and delivery aspects."

"Latar belakang: Ribonucleic acid RNA adalah molekul yang tidak stabil secara termodinamik. Cara penyimpanan RNA sangat kritis untuk menjaga kuantitas dan kualitasnya agar dapat digunakan untuk analisis molekuler seperti real time-PCR. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui suhu ideal penyimpanan RNA di antara -80°C, -20°C dan 4°C dengan melihat perubahan pada konsentrasi RNA selama dua minggu masa penyimpanan.Metode: Delapan hati tikus dibagi menjadi 3 untuk setiap grup dengan berat masing-masing sampel 25-26 ug. Sampel hati dihomogenisasi dan diisolasi untuk mendapatkan RNA murni, lalu disimpan pada tiga suhu berbeda yakni -80°C, -20°C and 4°C. Absorbasi diukur dengan alat Varioskan Flash pada gelombang cahaya 260 dan 280 nm untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi dan kemurnian sampel.Hasil: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi RNA dengan suhu penyimpanaan selama dua minggu, baik secara eksperimental dan secara statistik Kruskal-Wallis, -80°C p = 0.949; -20°C p = 0.885; 4°C p = 0.935 . Dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu ideal untuk penyimpanan RNA tidak dapat ditetapkan. RNA dengan konsentrasi yang tinggi memiliki kemurnian yang tinggi juga.Kesimpulan: RNA dapat disimpan di suhu -80°C, -20°C dan 4°C selama dua minggu tanpa perubahan kuantitas. Tetapi, durasi studi sebaiknya diperpanjang paling tidak selama satu bulan untuk melihat penurunan pada konsentrasi RNA di suhu penyimpanan yang terkait. Walaupun konsentrasi pada sampel tidak berubah signifikan, kualitas pita RNA tidak dapat dievaluasi untuk analisis molekuler. Analisis kualitas RNA dapat dilakukan untuk melihat terjadinya degradasi.

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Background Ribonucleic acid RNA is a thermodynamically unstable molecule. The way RNA samples are preserved is critical to maintain maximum yield and quality therefore it is useful for molecular analysis such as real time PCR. There are many contradictions and variations regarding the ideal temperature for RNA storage. The aim of this study was to find the ideal temperature for RNA storage among 80°C, 20°C and 4°C by observing for alteration in concentration over two weeks of storage time.Methods Eight mouse liver were each divided into 3 groups, weighed to 25 26 ug. Samples were homogenized and isolated for pure RNA, and were subsequently stored in temperatures of 80o C, 20°C and 4°C. Absorbance was measured with Varioskan Flash photometric tool, at wavelength of 260 and 280 nm. Concentration and purity of RNA samples were then calculated.Results There was no significant difference between concentrations of RNA samples stored in all temperatures across the duration of two weeks storage time, both experimentally and statistically Kruskal Wallis, 80o C p 0.949 20o C p 0.885 4o C p 0.935 . We conclude that the ideal temperature for RNA storage cannot be defined. Higher concentration of RNA coincides with higher RNA purity.Conclusion RNA can be stored in 80o C, 20o C and 4o C for two weeks without quantity reduction. However, longer duration of study, at least one month, is needed to observe whether RNA concentration will be reduced overtime in any of temperatures of storage. Despite the concentration that stayed constant over the duration of storage two weeks , we are unable to determine whether the quality is appropriate for use in molecular assays. Further RNA quality analysis is recommended to check for degradation."

"Some diseases, such as cancer, hereditary and genetic diseases, as well as viral infectious diseases, have been treated unsatisfied by the conventional therapy so far, and even more, by the gene therapy. Together sixth the pharmaceutical industries, researchers put their best effort to hunt some molecules that can be mow favorable for such kind of therapy. After a pivotal study reported in May, 2001, it is certain that Ribonucleic acid (RNA) could effectively silence gene expression in mammalian cell line, SQ it was then proposed in 2004 the term RNA therapeutics. Antisense RNA therapy which came into the atage earlier seemed to be the one that can answer all the problems in knocking out the unwanted messenger in gate expression. RNA interference (RNAi) concept, which came later us around 2QOQ, began to look like a possible contender. It was reported some studies that RNAi seem to have some more advantages over hath stronger gene-silencing effects and greater ease of use. However, the main obstacle of all kind of gene therapy is, undoubtedly, on the delivery of this molecule to enter the target eel!, and mostly to where it is needed most inside the body. Some studies on genetic Material delivery system have been reported, and their progress has been discussed."

"Some diseases, such as cancer, hereditary and genetic diseases, as well as viral infectious diseases, have been treated unsatisfied by the conventional therapy so far, and even more, by the gene therapy. Together with the pharmaceutical industries, researchers put their best effort to hunt some molecules that can be more favorable forsuch kind of therapy. After a pivotal study reported in May, 2001, it is certain that Ribonucleic acid (RNA) could effectively silence gene expression in mammalian cell line, so it was then proposed in 2004 the term RNA therapeutics. Antisense RNA therapy which came into the stage earlier seemed to be the one that can answer all theproblems in knocking out the unwanted messenger in gene expression. RNA interference (RNAi) concept, which came later in around 2000, began to look like a possible contender. It was reported in some studies that RNAi seems to have some more advantages over both stronger gene-silencing effects and greater ease of use. However, themain obstacle of all kind of gene therapy is, undoubtedly, on the delivery of this molecule to enter the target cell, and mostly, to where it is needed most inside the body. Some studies on genetic material delivery system have been reported, and theirprogress has been discussed."

"This volume provides a comprehensive overview of current progress in the field by leading practitioners employing a variety of methods to model RNA 3D structures by homology, by fragment assembly, and by de novo energy and knowledge-based approaches."

"This book is the first systems biology text to focus on how systems biology can be specifically applied to enhance drug discovery and development, with particular emphasis on real-world examples. Other texts on systems biology to date have focused on particular subdisciplines of systems biology (such as cellular networks) and have not specifically addressed drug discovery and development. This book introduces key methodologies and technical approaches for helping to solve many of the current challenges facing the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries."