Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Oil-Spill Dispersant (OSD) reduces interfacial tensions of oil and water turning oil spill into droplets that makes crude oil easier to be degraded by hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of dispersant utilization (solvent-based and water-based) related its performance efficiency in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research was carrried out in laboratory, varying Dispersant-Oil Ratio (DOR) into 3 levels (1:8, 1:20, 1:25) and carbon source adaptation into 3 levels (0%, 1%, 2%). The total number of samples prepared was 84, consist of 21 samples without Pseudomonas aeruginosa addition and 63 samples with Pseudomonas aeruginosa addition. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is measured using gravimetric method to determine the biodegradation of crude oil. Also measured are pH of samples with Pseudomonas aeruginosa addition and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) value of samples with dispersants. Data were evaluated using ANOVA. The result shows Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the ability to degrades crude oil despite the presence of dispersant, whereas the use of water-based dispersant showed better biodegradation ability than solvent-based OSD usage. Dispersant effectiveness of solvent-based and water-based is 33% and biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa achieved 25% in 72 hours."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan dispersan jenis solvent-based dan water-based dalam fungsinya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi kinerja Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada skala laboratorium, dengan variasi penggunaan dispersant-oil ratio 3 taraf (1:8, 1:20, 1:25) dan variasi adaptasi bakteri 3 taraf (0%, 1%, 2%). Dilakukan replikasi 3 kali untuk setiap perlakuan dengan jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 21 sampel untuk uji efektifitas dispersan dan 63 sampel untuk uji terhadap kemampuan biodegradasi Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Parameter yang dilihat pada penelitian ini ialah kandungan total minyak bumi (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon/TPH) yang diukur secara gravimetri dan pH. Diukur pula biodegradabilitas dispersan dan COD pada penggunaan dispersan dalam mendispersi minyak bumi. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pseudomonas aeruginosa memiliki kinerja yang cukup baik dalam mendegradasi minyak bumi yang terdispersi oleh dispersan, dengan kemampuan yang lebih baik ditunjukkan pada penggunaan dispersan water-based. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh efektivitas dispersan solvent-based dan water- based sebesar 33% dengan nilai tegangan permukaan terkecil sebesar 30,71 mN/m untuk dispersan solvent-based dan 30,44 mN/m untuk dispersan water- based, dan kemampuan biodegradasi Pseudomonas aeruginosa terhadap droplets hasil dispersi oleh dispersan mencapai 25% dalam kurun waktu 72 jam, dimana nilai biodegradabilitias dispersan lebih besar dari 60% untuk kedua jenis dispersan.

---

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dispersant utilization (solvent-based and water-based) related to its purpose in increasing performance efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research was carried out in laboratorium scale varying the dispersant-oil ratio into 3 levels (1:8, 1:20, 1:25) and carbon source adaptation into 3 levels (0%, 1%, 2%). 3 replication was conducted for each factors. Number of samples prepared was 21 samples for dispersant effectiveness test and 63 samples for biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa test towards the use of dispersant. The measured parameters are Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) by gravimetric method and pH. Dispersant biodegradability and COD of the dispersant utilization samples were also measured. Data analysis using ANOVA.Test results showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the ability to degrades crude oil despite the presence of dispersant, whereas the use of water-based dispersant showed better biodegradation percentage than solvent-based dispersant usage. The effectiveness of solvent- based and water-based dispersant is 33%; the most narrow surface tension is 30,71 mN/m and 30,44 mN/m consecutively. Chemically dispersed crude oil biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa achieved 25% in 72 hours periode; dispersant biodegradability is more than 60% both solvent-based and water-based."

"Contamination of petroleum waste has endangered the environment yet its processing technology is not effective and efficient. It is becaused that by petroleum waste is difficult to be degraded by bacteria due to many complex bonding compounds contained in this oil water."

"Pencemaran yang diakibatkan oleh limbah minyak bumi telah mencapai tingkat yang memprihatinkan, ditambah lagi teknologi pengolahannya masih belum efektif dan efisien. Hal ini disebabkan karena limbah minyak bumi merupakan limbah yang sulit untuk didegradasi oleh bakteri karena banyaknya kandungan senyawa ikatan kompleks di dalamnya. Karena itu, pada penelitian ini digunakan proses ozonasi sebagai pretreatment dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan proses biodegradasi. Adapun variasi kondisi operasi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah dosis ozon dan nilai pH serta bakteri yang digunakan sebagai agen pendegradasi adalah bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan proses ozonasi dapat meningkatkan biodegradasi yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan persentase degradasi dan pertumbuhan populasi bakteri. Selain itu, kemampuan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dalam mendegradasi limbah minyak bumi berbeda-beda untuk masing-masing nilai pH. Persentase degradasi tertinggi untuk variasi dosis ozon didapatkan sebesar 79,32% dicapai saat dosis ozon 0,53 g/jam, sedangkan untuk variasi pH dicapai saat pH bernilai 7 sebesar 75,21%.

---

Contamination caused by petroleum waste has reached alarming levels, plus its processing technology is not yet effective and efficient. This is caused by petroleum waste is difficult to be degraded by bacteria because of the many complex bonding compound content in it. Therefore, this study used ozonation as pretreatment process with the aim to enhance the biodegradation process. The variations in operating conditions performed in this study was a dose of ozone and pH. The bacterial isolates were used as a degrading agent is the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The results obtained showed that ozonation processes can enhance biodegradability as indicated by the increase in the percentage of degradation and population growth of bacteria. In addition, the ability of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa in degrading petroleum waste vary each pH value. The highest percentage of biodegradation for ozone dose variation obtained 79.32% achieved at doses of 0.53 g ozone / h, while for the variation of pH value obtained 75.21% achieved at pH 7."

"Tumpahan minyak merupakan bentuk pencemaran lingkungan yang dapat disebabkan oleh aktivitas maritim berupa kegiatan downstream seperti operasi dan pengangkutan minyak dengan kapal tanker. Tindakan penanggulangan yang dapat dilakukan berupa pemberian sebuah surfaktan kimia berupa dispersan ke tumpahan minyak. Dispersan diberikan untuk mempercepat proses emulsifikasi minyak di air sehingga minyak terdispersi menjadi tetesan kecil sebesar kolom air. Efektivitas kinerja dispersan pada tumpahan minyak dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti konsentrasi minyak, energi yang bekerja untuk mencampur dispersan dengan minyak berupa ombak, temperatur lingkungan dan jenis dispersan. Dalam penelitian ini, memperlihatkan pengaruh dari variasi temperatur dan jenis dispersan terhadap efektivitas kinerja dispersan pada tumpahan minyak. Sampel minyak yang digunakan adalah crude oil dengan tipe MESLU dan sampel dispersan yang digunakan adalah MAXI CLEAN-2 dan NEO-CHEM M-405. Sumber pemanas yang digunakan adalah oven dan sumber pendingin yang digunakan adalah es batu yang ditaruh pada cooler bag. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi temperatur lingkungan sebesar 16°C, 26°C dan 36°C. Waktu pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan selama 24 jam dengan pengambilan data dilakukan pada jam ke-3, ke-6 dan ke-24. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada lapisan permukaan, lapisan tengah dan lapisan dasar air. Sampel diuji dengan alat spectrophotometer UV-VIS pada gelombang 340 nm, 370 nm dan 400 nm. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa dispersan dapat bekerja dengan efektif pada temperatur 26°C - 36°C. Nilai absorbansi cahaya tertinggi yaitu pada lapisan permukaan jenis dispersan soluble di air pada temperatur 26°C dengan luas area absorbansi 82.15 abs, namun luas area absorbansi cahaya terkecil terjadi pada temperatur 16?C sebesar 25.72 abs. Luas area total absorbansi cahaya terbesar berada pada temperatur 26°C dengan jenis dispersan soluble di air yaitu mencapai 133.49 abs. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur hingga suatu titik tertentu maka kinerja dispersan semakin efektif karena menurunnya viskositas dari minyak dan dispersan. Selain itu, jenis dispersan dapat mempengaruhi kestabilan dari emulsi, semakin kecil konsentrasi pengemulsi maka emulsifikasi yang terjadi semakin stabil.

---

Oil spills is an environmental pollution that can be caused by maritime activities in the form of downstream activities such as operations and transportation of oil ship tankers. Mitigation actions that can be done is by pouring a chemical surfactant such as dispersant to an oil spills. Dispersant is given to speed up emulsification of oil in a water so it may disperse into a small droplets of water column. Dispersant effectiveness on oil spills can be influenced by various factors such as the concentration of oil, a mixing energy to mix dispersant and oil which provided by the waves, environmental temperatures and types of dispersant.

This research shows the influence of the temperature variations and types of dispersant on the effectiveness of the dispersant performance on oil spills. Samples of the oil that is used is MESLU crude oil and sample of dispersan that is used is MAXI CLEAN 2 and NEO CHEM M 405. The heating source used is an oven and the source of refrigerant that is used is the ice cubes that placed on a cooler bag.

The research is done by varying environmental temperature at 16°C, 26°C and 36°C. Sampling was done for 24 hours while taking data at 3, 6 and 24 hours of oil disperse. Sample is taking on the top, middle and base layer of water. Samples tested with the spectrophotometer UV VIS in the wavelength at 340 nm, 370 nm and 400 nm.

This research found that dispersant can work effectively in temperatures range at 26°C 36°C. The highest value of light absorbance is on the top layer of dispersant that soluble in a water at temperature about 26°C with absorbance area 82.15 abs and the smallest light absorbance occurs on 16°C temperatures with absorbance area 25.72 abs. The largest area light absorbance is found at temperatures 26°C with type of dispersant that soluble in water with area 133.49 abs.

This proves that the higher temperature up to a certain point makes dispersant performance more effective because the decreasing viscosity of the oil and dispersant. In addition, dispersant types can affect the stability of emulsion, the smaller concentration of emulsifier makes emulsification more stable."

"Usaha untuk meningkatkan hasil perolehan minyak bumi saat ini menjadi sangat penting mengingat terbatasnya persediaan dan produksi minyak di tanah air. Kebutuhan minyak bumi terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya penggunaan kendraan bermotor. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat meningktakan perolehan minyak bumi adalah dengan penggunaan biosurfaktan yang bekerja dengan cara menurunkan tegangan antarmuka. Biosurfaktan dapat diproduksi dari Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Limbah biodiesel dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif bahan mentah untuk produksi biosurfaktan karena produksi biodiesel di Indonesia terus meningkat sepanjang tahun. Prediksi kebutuhan biodiesel menurut PP Nomor 5 mencapai 720.000 kiloliter pada tahun 2010 dan akan ditingkatkan menjadi 1,5 juta kiloliter pada tahun 2015 dan 4,7 juta kiloliter tahun 2025. Limbah ini masih memiliki kandungan senyawa yang kompleks, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penyederhanaan senyawa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ozonasi. Hasil terbaik yang diperoleh dari produksi biosurfaktan adalah substrat yang diozonasi selama 30 menit. Penurunan ini belum sesuai kriteria biosurfaktan yang dapat digunakan untuk peningkatan perolehan minyak bumi, oleh karena itu sebaiknya dilakukan optimasi produksi lebih lanjut.

---

Efforts to improve the results of recovery oil is becoming very important due to the limited supply and oil production in the country. Needs of petroleum continues to increase along with the increasing use of vehicle. One technology that can enhancing the recovery of oil is using biosurfactants that works by reducing the interfacial tension. Biosurfactants can be produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biodiesel waste can be an alternative raw material for the production of biosurfactants because production of biodiesel in Indonesia continues to increase throughout the year. Prediction biodiesel requirement by Regulation No. 5 to reach 720,000 kiloliters in 2010 and will be increased to 1.5 million kiloliters in 2015 and 4.7 million kiloliters in 2025. Biodiesel waste still contains a complex compound, therefore it is necessary to simplify the compound. The method used is ozonation method. The best results were obtained from the production of biosurfactants is ozonized substrate for 30 minutes. This decline has not fit the criteria biosurfactants that can be used to increase oil recovery, and therefore should be optimized further production."

"Biosurfaktan merupakan senyawa amfifatik yang dihasilkan dari metabolit mikroorganisme yang berperan sebagai agen untuk menurunkan tegangan antarmuka pada fluida yang tidak dapat bercampur. Biosurfaktan sangat potensial untuk diaplikasikan pada industri kilang minyak melalui teknologi MEOR. MEOR merupakan teknologi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perolehan minyak bumi yang terperangkap di dalam media berpori pada reservoir. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis biosurfaktan dari Pseudomonas aeruginosa dengan memanfaatkan whey terozonasi sebagai sumber karbon pada medium fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimum biosurfaktan dicapai dengan ozonasi dan metode oil spreading test. Uji aktivitas biosurfaktan dilakukan dengan mengukur tegangan antarmuka dan tegangan permukaan menggunakan processor tensiometer. Crude biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan mampu menurunkan tegangan antarmuka crude oil sebesar 98,3% dan tegangan permukaan sebesar 23,7%.

---

Biosurfactants is amphiphatic compound of microorganism metabolites which has a role as an agent to decrease the interface tension of the fluid which could not be mixed. It is very potential to applied on oil refineries industry through MEOR technology. MEOR is a technology that aims to enhance of oil recovery which trapped in porous media in the reservoir. In this research biosurfactants has been synthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by utilizing ozonized cheese whey as a carbon source.

The result shows that the optimum concentration of biosurfactants achieved on fifteen minutes ozonation time and oil spreading test methods. Biosurfactants activity test is done by measuring the interfacial tension and surface tension using a tensiometer processor. Crude biosurfactants produced capable of lowering the interfacial tension of crude oil sample amounted to 98,3% and 23,7% of surface tension"

"Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is an agro-industrial waste product with high availability and which contains high quantities of organic compounds that are necessary for microbial growth. Cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in POME to produce lipase using the submerged fermentation method. The objective of this study is to obtain the optimum value of lipase activity produced by the cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using POME as the substrate through the submerged fermentation method and to obtain the dry extract of lipase. In the study, the one factor at a time (OFAT) method was applied, which allowed observation of the effect of inoculum and additional nutrient concentrations, such as Ca2+ ion, olive oil, peptone and Tween 80, on the activity of lipase. These factors were investigated in shake flask fermentation at 30°C over 96 hours. The activity unit of lipase was determined by the titrimetric reaction of olive oil hydrolysis using crude lipase. The optimum value of the lipase activity unit (1.327 U/mL) was gained when 3% (v/v) of inoculum, 4 mM of Ca2+ ion, 0.4% (v/v) of olive oil, 0.9% (m/v) of peptone, and 0.9% of Tween 80 were added into the medium. Crude lipase was then dried using a spray dryer. Subsequently, 15.643 g of dry extract lipase was obtained from 500 mL of cell free supernatant. In further research, the lipase activity assay would be better achieved using the p-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis method and examined by a spectrophotometer."

"Due to rapid social change, the government does not have enough resources to manage urgent situation such as natural disasters....."