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"This book evaluates the successes, failures, and factors that influence the competition for public bus transport services. Using Germany as a case study, the author explains the dichotomous system of a market with licenses for commercial services, where operators are granted exclusivity, and licenses for non-commercial services, where supplementary direct subsidies are tendered out by public transport authorities. The empirical analysis is based on primary data usually not publicly available, and supplemented by numerous expert interviews."

"The increasingly crucial role of companies’ non-financial disclosure (NFD) and integrated reporting (IR) has led to a lively debate among academics, practitioners, and regulators on the approaches, framework, contents, principles, and standards that should oversee these forms of reporting. Through several expert contributions, conducted both with qualitative and quantitative methodologies, this book provides an up-to-date portrait of the debate by exploring corporate NFD either in its mandated contents or voluntary information. Contributing authors provide studies that encompass the different lines of NFD, namely non-financial risk reporting, sustainability reporting, and intellectual capital reporting, as well as the integration of financial and non-financial information through IR, the assurance of the NFD and IR through auditing activities, and the role of management and CFOs in NFD and IR."

"Penelitian yang berjudul “Kualitas Pelayanan Terminal Angkutan Umum dan Bus Kota Depok Dilihat Dari Perspektif Pengguna Jasa” ini dilakukan dalam rangka akademis. Kualitas diukur berdasarkan tujuh kriteria kualitas pelayanan terminal antarmoda oleh Komisi Eropa, yaitu indikator waktu, keandalan, fleksibilitas, kualifikasi, aksesibilitas, pemantauan dan keamanan. Penelitian berlangsung pada 2-31 Mei 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian kepada 130 responden (100 penumpang; 30 kru angkutan) dengan menggunakan teknik penarikan sampel Accidental yang diolah dengan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengolahan data menunjukan bahwa kualitas pelayanan terminal Kota Depok adalah buruk, yaitu sebesar 21%. Pemerintah Daerah dalam hal ini Dinas Perhubungan diharapkan dapat memperbaiki dan meningkatkan fasilitas-fasilitas dan infrastruktur terminal; mengurangi kemacetan di pintu keluar terminal melalui regulasi-regulasi; membenahi tata lokasi terminal serta pengaturan angkutan guna mempertahankan atau bahkan meningkatkan kualitas yang sudah baik dalam pelayanan terminal.

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This research which is entitled “Quality of Depok Public Transport and Bus Terminals Service Based On Users Perspective” is on academic purpose. Level of quality was measured based on Europe Commission’s quality of intermodal terminals, time indicator, reliability, flexibility, qualification, accessibility, monitoring, safety and security. The study took place from May 2nd to May 31st 2013. This is a quantitative-based research, therefore 130 questionnaires (100 passengers; 30 transport crews) were using Accidental Sampling technique and then processed using the SPSS.

The result obtained shows that service quality of Depok terminals is not good, amounting to 21%. Local Government of Depok, in this way Transport Departement is expected to make increasement in terminal facilities and infrastructures; decrease stagnation in exit gate of terminal; and arrange the city vehicles to maintain or even raise the quality of terminal eventhough the numbers are already in high terms of terminals services."

"Berdasarkan PP No 41/2013, setiap penyerahan atau impor angkutan umum yang dikenakan PPnBM berhak memperoleh pembebasan, contohnya bus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implementasi serta mengevaluasi implementasi pembebasan PPnBM melalui SKB atau pengembalian evaluasi implementasi dilakukan berdasarkan konsep prinsip kebijakan pajak yang baik menggunakan tiga kriteria yaitu certainty, simplicity, dan neutrality. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skema pembebasan PPnBM melalui SKB dan PPnBM memiliki pengadministrasian yang berbeda. Peraturan pengadministrasian SKB atau pengembalian telah terpapar secara jelas. Berdasarkan peraturan tersebut, SKB lebih mudah dibandingkan dengan pengembalian. Sedangkan dilihat dari netralitasnya, SKB atau pengembalian bersifat diskriminatif.

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According to PP No 41/2013, exemption can be given to every sharing and import over public transport that is subjected to Luxury Tax, such as bus. The implementation of exemption over public transport in the terms of bus with small capacity can be given through two schemes, which is exemption letter or restitution. This thesis will analyze the implementation and the evaluationof implementation luxurry tax exemption over bus with three criteria in Principle of Good Tax Policies which is certainty, simplicity, and neutrality. The type of this research is qualitative- descriptive by using in-dept interview and literature study as data collection techniques.

The results showed that the implementation of exemption through exemption letter or restitution have different administration. The law describing exemption letter or restitution is clearly stated. Based on that law, exemption letter is easier to administer than restitution. Lastly, based on neutrality, both exemption letter or restitution are discriminatory."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis hubungan empiris antara kompetisi dan inovasi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data perusahaan BPS Indonesia. Keterbatasan data inovasi mengharuskan penggunaan R&D expenditure sebagai inovasi pada tahun tersedianya data. Kompetisi diestimasi dengan menggunakan profit elasticity berdasarkan gagasan efisiensi. Bentuk inverted-U diuji dengan teknologi spread pada industri dimana efek dari kompetisi dan inovasi dapat berubah dari positif menjadi negatif. Bukti empiris menunjukkan hubungan antara kompetisi dan inovasi merupakan inverted-U dengan titik optimal yang sangat rendah. Ini berarti sangat sedikit industri yang dapat meningkatkan inovasi dan hampir semua industri akan mengurangi inovasi ketika kompetisi meningkat.

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This paper studies empirical relationship between competition and innovation in Indonesia using micro data BPS Indonesia. Lack of innovation data has necessitated use R&D expenditure as innovation in year of data avaibility. Competition is estimated by computing profit elasticity, based on idea of efficiency. Inverted-U shape tested with technology spread within industries at which effect of competition and innovation can be turns from positive to negative. Empirical evidence shows relationship between competition and innovation is inverted-U with very low optimal point. This means that very few industries can increase innovation and almost all industries will reduce innovation as competition increases.

 

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"Kemacetan merupakan masalah yang terjadi di kota-kota besar. Berbagai kebijakan dilakukan untuk mengatasi kemacetan seperti pembatasan penggunaan kendaraan pribadi melalui kebijakan ganjil genap dan pengenaan biaya pada pengguna kendaraan pribadi pada ruas jalan tertentu (road pricing). Kebijakan pembatasan penggunaan kendaraan pribadi tanpa memberikan alternatif solusi bagi mobilitas individu tentunya kemudian menjadi tidak relevan. Oleh karenanya, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan berupa penyediaan berbagai moda transportasi publik untuk menjawab kebutuhan alternatif solusi tersebut. Namun demikian, keberadaan suatu moda transportasi publik akan memiliki dampak terhadap moda transportasi lainnya. Penelitian ini menguji dampak tersebut melalui analisis hubungan keberadaan moda transportasi baru berupa MRT terhadap moda Transjakarta yang telah beroperasi jauh sebelumnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga berusaha melihat hubungan komplementer ketika terjadi kenaikan harga tiket MRT terhadap penurunan jumlah penumpang melalui pendekatan elastisitas harga silang. Pengujian tersebut dilakukan dengan metode regresi model fixed effect menggunakan data harian jumlah penumpang Transjakarta pada level halte, di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keberadaan MRT behubungan dengan peningkatan jumlah penumpang Transjakarta pada radius 250 meter terhadap stasiun MRT, sebesar 36.5%. Namun, penelitian ini belum menemukan cukup bukti adanya hubungan komplementer terkait kenaikan harga tiket MRT terhadap penurunan jumlah penumpang Transjakarta.

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Congestion is a problem that is occuring in big cities. Different policies are implemented to alleviate congestion, such as limits on the use of private vehicles through even odd policy and the introduction of charges on drivers of private vehicles on certain highways (road pricing). It is clear that that the policy of limiting the use of private vehicles without offering alternative mobility solutions become less relevant. Therefore, the government has issued a policy to provide varioues public transport to meet the needs of alternative solutions. Nevertheless, the existence of a mode of public transport can affect other modes. This research investigates these impacts by exploring the introduction of MRT as a new transport mode to a long-standing Transjakarta. In addition, this research also aims to see the complementary relationship between PT MRTs ticket rises to a decrease in the number of Transjakarta passengers through a cross-price elasticity approach. Using the fixed effect model regression, the test was carried out using a daily data on the number of Transjakarta passengers at the bus stop level in DKI Jakarta Province. This study found that the existence of MRT was associated with a 36.5 percent increase in the number of Transjakarta passengers to the MRT station at a distance of 250 metres. Nonetheless, this research did not find sufficient evidence of a complementary relationship in terms of the rise in MRT ticket prices to a decrease in the number of Transjakarta passengers."