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"The study investigates the working of the Indian stock market in recent years and attempts to look for functional instability, if any, embedded in the stock market. Specifically, it explores to discern whether there been any significant change in recent years in Indian stock market and the nature and characteristics of such changes, if any. It chooses the nine year period from 1999 to 2008. Over this period, stock market witnessed some major price changes : one in late 1999 that ended in mid 2001, another that commenced from mid 2004 and a recent one that in effect commenced from early 2008. There is significant volatility in the market with presence of risk premium;there is asymmetric impact. The market responds more to the negative shocks. The global stock market is having its influence on Indian stock market. The impact of developed country effect, particularly, that of US stock market has been the most prominent. There is some evidence for regional contagion. When we look at the domestic sectors, we see that the traditional sectors, capital goods and consumer durables, are the two most predominant sectors. Other sectors, particularly the IT sector, have only a mild, almost insignificant impact on market volatility and transmits very little of its volatility to other sectors."

"Tujuan: Membuktikan kesahihan dan keandalan Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) dalam versi Bahasa IndonesiaMetode: Desain uji potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan pada 42 orang tentara pasukan khusus dengan instabilitas pergelangan kaki. Setiap responden mengisi kuesioner FAAM versi Bahasa Indonesia yang sudah diujicobakan terlebih dahulu. Kemudian dilakukan pengisian kuesioner SF-36 sebagai baku emas kuesioner kualitas hidup untuk menilai kesahihan konvergen. 2 minggu dari pengisian pertama dilakukan pengisian kembali kuesioner FAAM untuk menilai keandalan test-retest.Hasil: Didapatkan korelasi bermakna dengan nilai korelasi sedang untuk antara FAAM subskala aktivitas keseharian dengan skor komponen mental dan skor komponen fisik terhadap dengan nilai r secara berurutan 0,417, dan 0,458. Didapatkan korelasi bermakna dengan nilai korelasi sedang untuk antara FAAM subskala olahraga dengan skor komponen fisik dan fungsi fisik terhadap dengan nilai r secara berurutan 0,430 dan 0,464. Didapatkan konsistensi internal dengan cronbach alpha 0,917 dan 0,916 untuk subskala aktivitas keseharian dan subskala olahraga. Didapatkan nilai korelasi interkelas sedang untuk subskala olahraga sebesar 0,78.Kesimpulan: FAAM versi Bahasa Indonesia memiliki kesahihan dan keandalan yang baik.

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Objective: to assess validity and realibility of Foot Ankle Ability Measure in Indonesia version .

Method : design of this study is cross sectional study. This research was to 42 special force army personal with ankle instability. Every subject was asked to fill out Indonesian version of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure quetionairre. And SF-36 quetionairre as gold standard of quality of life to assess validity. After 2 weeks, subject is asked to fill FAAM quetionairre again to assess test-retest realibility.

Result : There was significant correlation with moderate value between FAAM-I activity daily living subscale and mental component summary and physical component summary with r 0,417 and 0,458 respectively. There was also significant correlation with moderate value between FAAM-I sport subscale with r 0,430 and 0,464 respectively. The internal consistency with cronbach alpha was 0,917 and 0,916 for ADL subscale and sport subscale. Interclass correlation for sport subscale was 0,78.

Conclusion : Indonesian version of FAAM have good validity and realibility."

"ABSTRAKTujuan: Membuktikan kesahihan dan keandalan Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) dalam versi Bahasa IndonesiaMetode: Desain uji potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan pada 42 orang tentara pasukan khusus dengan instabilitas pergelangan kaki. Setiap responden mengisi kuesioner FAAM versi Bahasa Indonesia yang sudah diujicobakan terlebih dahulu. Kemudian dilakukan pengisian kuesioner SF-36 sebagai baku emas kuesioner kualitas hidup untuk menilai kesahihan konvergen. 2 minggu dari pengisian pertama dilakukan pengisian kembali kuesioner FAAM untuk menilai keandalan test-retest.Hasil: Didapatkan korelasi bermakna dengan nilai korelasi sedang untuk antara FAAM subskala aktivitas keseharian dengan skor komponen mental dan skor komponen fisik terhadap dengan nilai r secara berurutan 0,417, dan 0,458. Didapatkan korelasi bermakna dengan nilai korelasi sedang untuk antara FAAM subskala olahraga dengan skor komponen fisik dan fungsi fisik terhadap dengan nilai r secara berurutan 0,430 dan 0,464. Didapatkan konsistensi internal dengan cronbach alpha 0,917 dan 0,916 untuk subskala aktivitas keseharian dan subskala olahraga. Didapatkan nilai korelasi interkelas sedang untuk subskala olahraga sebesar 0,78.Kesimpulan: FAAM versi Bahasa Indonesia memiliki kesahihan dan keandalan yang baik.

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ABSTRACTObjective: to assess validity and realibility of Foot Ankle Ability Measure in Indonesia version .Method : design of this study is cross sectional study. This research was to 42 special force army personal with ankle instability. Every subject was asked to fill out Indonesian version of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure quetionairre. And SF-36 quetionairre as gold standard of quality of life to assess validity. After 2 weeks, subject is asked to fill FAAM quetionairre again to assess test-retest realibility.Result : There was significant correlation with moderate value between FAAM-I activity daily living subscale and mental component summary and physical component summary with r 0,417 and 0,458 respectively. There was also significant correlation with moderate value between FAAM-I sport subscale with r 0,430 and 0,464 respectively. The internal consistency with cronbach alpha was 0,917 and 0,916 for ADL subscale and sport subscale. Interclass correlation for sport subscale was 0,78"

"This book addresses the concepts of unstable flow solutions, convective instability and absolute instability, with reference to simple (or toy) mathematical models, which are mathematically simple despite their purely abstract character. Within this paradigm, the book introduces the basic mathematical tools, Fourier transform, normal modes, wavepackets and their dynamics, before reviewing the fundamental ideas behind the mathematical modelling of fluid flow and heat transfer in porous media.The author goes on to discuss the fundamentals of the Rayleigh-Benard instability and other thermal instabilities of convective flows in porous media, and then analyses various examples of transition from convective to absolute instability in detail, with an emphasis on the formulation, deduction of the dispersion relation and study of the numerical data regarding the threshold of absolute instability. The clear descriptions of the analytical and numerical methods needed to obtain these parametric threshold data enable readers to apply them in different or more general cases."

"Latar Belakang: Berlari merupakan pilihan olahraga yang semakin banyak diminati, namun seringkali menyebabkan cedera khususnya pada pergelangan kaki. Ligamen lateral pergelangan kaki merupakan bagian yang paling sering mengalami cedera. Kejadian cedera yang berulang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya instabilitas pergelangan kaki kronis yang dapat mengganggu fungsi keseimbangan. Kinesio taping merupakan pendekatan baru yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan fungsi keseimbangan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efek kinesio taping dengan teknik Ankle Balance Taping (ABT) dan Sham disertai latihan penguatan otot pada pelari dengan instabilitas pergelangan kaki kronis. Metode: Studi intervensi pada pelari dengan instabilitas pergelangan kaki kronis yang berusia 17-35 tahun dengan status gizi normal. Subjek dibagi ke dalam kelompok ABT dan kelompok Sham. Kedua kelompok juga diberikan latihan penguatan otot kaki dan tetap berlari. Fungsi keseimbangan kemudian diukur dengan Stork Test dan SEBT. Hasil: Didapatkan 36 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan. Rerata usia pada kelompok perlakuan adalah 24.37 tahun dan kelompok kontrol 27.47 tahun (p<0.05). Setelah mendapatkan taping dan latihan penguatan otot kaki selama 3 minggu didapatkan perbaikan jarak jangkauan pada arah anterior, posteromedial dan posterolateral pada pemeriksaan SEBT di kelompok perlakuan, dan perbaikan pada arah posteromedial pada kelompok kontrol. Untuk keseimbangan statis diadapatkan perbaikan pada kedua kelompok (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemberian Ankle Balance Taping (ABT) dan latihan penguatan otot kaki efektif dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan statis dan dinamis pada pelari dengan instabilitas pergelangan kaki kronis.

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Background: Running is one of sport choices that is increasingly in interest, but often causes injury especially to the ankles. The lateral ankle ligament is the most frequently injured part. Recurring injuries can lead to chronic ankle instability that can interfere the balance function. Kinesio taping is a new approach that can be used to improve balance function. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of kinesio taping with Ankle Balance Taping (ABT) and Sham techniques accompanied by muscle strengthening exercises in runners with chronic ankle instability. Methods: Interventional studies of runners with chronic ankle instability aged 17- 35 years with normal nutritional status. Subjects were divided into ABT groups and Sham groups. Both groups were also given exercises to strengthen foot muscles and keep running. The balance function is then measured by the Stork Test and SEBT. Results: There were 36 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. The mean age in the treatment group was 24.37 years and the control group was 27.47 years (p <0.05). After getting taping and leg strengthening exercises for 3 weeks, there was an improvement in the range of anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral direction in the SEBT examination in the treatment group, and improvement in the posteromedial direction in the control group. For static balance there was an improvement in both groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: Provision of Ankle Balance Taping (ABT) and leg strengthening exercises are effective in increasing static and dynamic balance in runners with chronic ankle instability."

"Is practitioner interest in prescriptive authority an indicator of our increased adoption of a biological approach to mental health treatment? This exploratory survey examined the relationship between practitioners causal attributions for a subset of Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders."