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"[This book is organized into five chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the topic, offers a timely review of various related areas, and explains why the MR approach is important for conducting supply chain risk analysis. Chapter 2 examines the single period inventory model with the mean-variance and mean-semi-deviation approaches. Extensive discussions on the efficient frontiers are also reported. Chapter 3 explores the infinite horizon multi-period inventory model with a mean-variance approach. Chapter 4 investigates the supply chain coordination problem with a versatile target sales rebate contract and a risk averse retailer possessing the mean-variance optimization objective. Chapter 5 concludes the book and discusses various promising future research directions and extensions. Every chapter can be taken as a self-contained article, and the notation within each chapter is consistently employed., This book is organized into five chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the topic, offers a timely review of various related areas, and explains why the MR approach is important for conducting supply chain risk analysis. Chapter 2 examines the single period inventory model with the mean-variance and mean-semi-deviation approaches. Extensive discussions on the efficient frontiers are also reported. Chapter 3 explores the infinite horizon multi-period inventory model with a mean-variance approach. Chapter 4 investigates the supply chain coordination problem with a versatile target sales rebate contract and a risk averse retailer possessing the mean-variance optimization objective. Chapter 5 concludes the book and discusses various promising future research directions and extensions. Every chapter can be taken as a self-contained article, and the notation within each chapter is consistently employed.]"

"Asuransi Peer to Peer (P2P) didefinisikan sebagai sistem pengelolaan dana yang dilakukan secara bersama di antara sekelompok individu yang berlandaskan asas kepercayaan di antara semua pihak dimana individu-individu tersebut akan menanggung risiko di bawah nilai ambang batas tertentu dan sisanya dapat ditanggung oleh pihak (re)asuransi mengingat adanya keterbatasan kapabilitas membayar individu dalam menanggung risiko. Risiko komunitas asuransi P2P akan dibagikan diantara partisipan dengan menggunakan conditional mean risk sharing rule. Risiko tiap individu akan diperhitungkan dan berpengaruh ke besaran kontribusi yang harus dibayar oleh masingmasing partisipan. Penggunaan conditional mean risk sharing rule memberikan keuntungan dalam beberapa aspek, (1) memiliki sifat risk-averse yang menguntungkan setiap partisipan, (2) individu baru tidak perlu melakukan penyesuaian risiko, sehingga memudahkan proses transfer risiko, (3) dalam skenario tertentu, dimana terjadi kerugian diatas nilai ambang batas yang ditentukan, individu hanya dapat dikenakan biaya tambahan sebesar besaran premium yang dimiliki. Dalam upaya menganalisis konsep penggunaan conditional mean risk sharing rule terhadap asuransi P2P akan dilakukan (1) Analisa literatur terhadap model asuransi P2P, sifat komonotonik, dan conditional mean risk sharing rule, (2) Penjabaran proses penentuan kontribusi dengan menggunakan conditional mean risk sharing rule, (3) menentukan kontribusi risiko dengan model kerugian compound poisson, dan (4) Analisa numerik dari model pembagian kerugian dengan conditional mean risk sharing rule pada komunitas dengan kelompok risiko berbeda. Hasil yang diharapkan akan menunjukkan perbedaan besaran kontribusi dari tiap partisipan dengan risiko yang berbeda melalui pembagian conditional mean risk sharing rule.

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Peer to Peer (P2P) insurance is defined as a fund management system that is carried out jointly among a group of individuals based on the principle of trust between all parties where these individuals will bear the risk below a certain threshold value and the rest can be borne by the third party (re)insurance company due to individual limited capabilities in bearing certain amount of risk. The risk of the P2P insurance community will be shared among participants using the conditional mean risk sharing rule. The risk of each participant will be calculated and will affect the amount of contribution that must be paid by each participant. The use of the conditional mean risk sharing rule provides benefits in several aspects, (1) having a risk-averse nature that benefits each participant, (2) new participants do not need to undergo risk adjustment, thus facilitating the risk transfer process, (3) in certain scenarios, where If there is a loss above the specified threshold value, the participant can only be charged an additional fee of the amount of the premium they have. In an effort to analyze the concept of using the conditional mean risk sharing rule for P2P insurance, it will be carried out (1) Literature analysis on the P2P insurance model, its comonotonic nature, and the conditional mean risk sharing rule, (2) Elaboration of the contribution determination process using the conditional mean risk sharing rule, (3) determine the risk contribution with the compound Poisson loss model, and (4) numerical analysis of the risk sharing model with conditional mean risk sharing rule in P2P insurance community with different risk profile. The expected results will show the difference in contribution of participants with different risks from the distribution of the conditional mean risk sharing rule that was made earlier."

"ABSTRAKLogistik memainkan peran penting dalam mempertahankan pasokan makanan segar di seluruh dunia. Adanya risiko dalam aliran produk makanan pada supply chain yang dapat terkontaminasi dari berbagai aspek, seperti bahan baku, bahan baku untuk proses industri, penyimpanan dan distribusi makanan. Sektor makanan halal akan tumbuh sekitar 18,3% dari pengeluaran makanan global menjadi 1.914 milyar USD pada 2021. Halal supply chain management sebagai suatu aktifitas yang mengendalikan dan mengelola aliran material, informasi dan modal; melalui koordinasi strategis dan kolaborasi dengan sedemikian rupa sehingga Halal dan Toyyib diperluas dari farm-to-fork. Pada praktiknya ada kemungkinan risiko berupa kontaminasi dari produk makanan halal dalam halal supply chain. Identifikasi dan mitigasi risiko masih dilakukan secara terpisah dan belum terintergasi ditiap stream. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangankan model analisis risiko upstream halal supply chain pada industri daging dengan hasil akhir dirumuskannya kriteria penilaian yang dapat menjadi acuan untuk menghindari risiko pada halal supply chain.  Telah diidentifikasi 40 risiko pada halal supply chain dan dilakukan prioritisasi risiko yang akan menjadi dasaran penyusunan kritera. Terdapat 27 risiko prioritas yang menjadi dasaran pembuatan kriteria penilaian sehingga didapatkan 34 kriteria penialain halal supply chain pada level upstream yang. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengerjaan penelitian ini yaitu metode semi kuantitatif yang mana menggunakan pendekatan Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) DEMATEL based ANP (D-ANP).

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ABSTRACTLogistics plays an important role in maintaining the supply of fresh food throughout the world. Types of food products have different uniqueness based on the type of food products such as agrifood (Akhtar, et al., 2016) and beef products (King, et al., 2014). There are risks in the flow of food products in the supply chain that can be contaminated from various aspects, such as raw materials, raw materials for industrial processes, food storage and distribution (Nerin, et al., 2016). The halal food sector will grow around 18.3% of global food spending to 1,914 billion USD in 2021 (Reuters and Standards 2016). Indonesia has a population of 255 million people where 87.2 percent are Muslim, representing the largest Muslim population in the world (Hefner, 2017). Halal supply chain management as an activity that controls and manages the flow of material, information and capital; through strategic coordination and collaboration in such a way that Halal and Toyyib are expanded from farm-to-forks (Khan et al., 2018). In practice there is a risk of contamination from halal food products in the halal supply chain. Risko identification and mitigation are still done separately (not integrated) in each halal supply chain stream. The risk of contamination will affect the safety and quality of halal food products. These risks should be integrated with each other so that they can manage risks properly. This study aims to develop a risk analysis and priority model and develop a risk mitigation strategy from halal supply chain activities in the beef industry, especially at the upstream level, from the cattle farm, slaughtering process, storage, distribution and retail. 40 risks have been identified in the halal supply chain and risk prioritization has been carried out which will be the basis for the preparation of criteria. There are 27 priority risks which are the basis for making the assessment criteria so that 34 criteria for halal supply chain management are obtained at the upstream level. The method used in conducting this research is a semi-quantitative method which uses the D-ANP Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach."

"This self-contained monograph presents a new stochastic approach to global optimization problems arising in a variety of disciplines including mathematics, operations research, engineering, and economics. The volume deals with constrained and unconstrained problems and puts a special emphasis on large scale problems. It also introduces a new unified concept for unconstrained, constrained, vector, and stochastic global optimization problems. All methods presented are illustrated by various examples. Practical numerical algorithms are given and analyzed in detail. The topics presented include the randomized curve of steepest descent, the randomized curve of dominated points, the semi-implicit Euler method, the penalty approach, and active set strategies. The optimal decoding of block codes in digital communications is worked out as a case study and shows the potential and high practical relevance of this new approach."

"BPJS Ketenagakerjaan sebagai pelaksana Sistem Jaminan Sosial di Indonesia merupakan lembaga yang memiliki fungsi strategis dan berperan penting dalammeningkatkan kesejahteraan dan perekonomian masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi teknis Kantor Cabang BPJS Ketenagakerjaan di seluruh Indonesia, serta untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi teknis dan output BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada sebanyak325 Kantor Cabang BPJS Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia dengan periode tahun 2014 hingga 2019. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian untuk mengukur efisiensiteknis ini adalah dengan fungsi produksi Stochastic Frontier. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa Kantor Cabang BPJS Ketenagakerjaan memiliki efisiensi teknis dengan rata-rata bervariasi antara 0,409767 – 0,979056 selama periode 2014-2019.Variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap inefisiensi teknis BPJS Ketenagakerjaan adalah jumlah peserta, dan variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap output pendapatan asuransiadalah variabel input jumlah pegawai, belanja modal, dan klasifikasi Kantor Cabang.Selain itu terdapat temuan menarik bahwa kantor cabang skala yang lebih kecil akan beroperasi lebih efisien dibandingkan Kantor Cabang yang besar. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi Kantor Cabang BPJS Ketenagakerjaan perlu meningkatkan jumlah pegawai,meningkatkan capital, lebih gencar dalam melakukan sosialisasi untuk akuisisi peserta BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.

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BPJS Ketenagakerjaan as the institution implementing Social Security System in Indonesia has a strategic function and plays a vital role in improving welfare economy of the labour in Indonesia. The performance stability of the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan is vital. This study aims to determine the technical efficiency of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan

branch offices throughout Indonesia and determine the factors that affect the technical

efficiency and output of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The research was conducted at 325

BPJS Ketenagakerjaan branch offices in Indonesia for the period 2014 to 2019. The

data analysis used in this study to measure technical efficiency is stochastic frontier

production analysis. The results showed that the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan branch office

during 2014-2019 was technically efficient with an average efficiency ranging between

0.609767 - 0.929056. The variables that affect the technical inefficiency of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan is the number of participants, and variables that affect the insurance income output are the input variables for the number of employees, capital expenditures, and branch classes. Interestingly, it has been observed that smaller branch

offices have been operating more efficiently than large branch offices. To increase the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan branch office’s efficiency, it is necessary to increase the number of employees, increase capital, and be more aggressive conducting socialization for acquisitions of member BPJS Ketenagakerjaan."

"[Supply chain risk management is an issue that many companies face and yet few companies know how to deal with it in a systematic and pragmatic manner. While avoiding and reducing supply chain risks are certainly preferable, developing ways to restore and stabilize supply chain operations rapidly after a major disruption is critical for managing global supply chains. Sodhi and Tang present important concepts, frameworks, strategies, and analyses that are essential for managing supply chain risks. Not only does this book suggest some practical ways to work with different partners to manage the risks that are present in a global supply chain, it creates a framework that would enable practitioners to engage researchers to work on this important area., Supply chain risk management is an issue that many companies face and yet few companies know how to deal with it in a systematic and pragmatic manner. While avoiding and reducing supply chain risks are certainly preferable, developing ways to restore and stabilize supply chain operations rapidly after a major disruption is critical for managing global supply chains. Sodhi and Tang present important concepts, frameworks, strategies, and analyses that are essential for managing supply chain risks. Not only does this book suggest some practical ways to work with different partners to manage the risks that are present in a global supply chain, it creates a framework that would enable practitioners to engage researchers to work on this important area.]"

"The development of a water supply system requires a high investment cost, and financial, environmental, and institutional aspects need to be considered. As major projects involving many stakeholders, drinking water supply projects become vulnerable to risks. A risk-based analysis is required to reduce the likelihood of failure in both the operational and financial aspects of such projects. This study describes the process of risk management planning for a drinking water supply system construction project in South Bali. The case study is based on the project risk management method with the value at risk to calculate the impact of risks in project investment. The purpose of this study is to obtain a financial risk model that maps potential risk factors and calculates the financial impact of risks on the project. This is used to create alternative strategies to reduce the impact of risks on investment made during the development of the project. The analysis showed that of the three priority risk factors, production capacity has the greatest influence on the net present value of the project."