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""This book analyses the role of international organisations in WTO dispute settlement as arising from a number of WTO disputes. In particular, the roles of the IMF, WIPO, WCO and WHO are addressed. The use of the Vienna Convention rules of interpretation framework allows an evaluation of the weight attributed to this material by the WTO adjudicator. This allows specific conclusions to be drawn regarding the level of institutional sensitivity of the WTO adjudicator to each of the organisations. As well as being a valuable source of research, the analysis will appeal to international law scholars, civil servants and law practitioners interested in the WTO and dispute settlement"-- Provided by publisher."

"Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) mulai menyebar ke berbagai belahan dunia sejak Desember 2019 yang diketahui pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, China. Tentu saja hal ini telah membawa bencana besar bagi 216 negara di dunia, pasalnya tidak ada satu negara pun yang imun terhadap virus ini dan epidemi telah menyebar ke berbagai benua dan menyerang banyak aspek pada masyarakat dunia. Kondisi memperihantinkan seperti ini menuntut negara berperan lebih kuat dengan memberikan proteksi pelayanan yang lebih baik. Selain itu juga, kondisi seperti ini menimbulkan pertanyaan besar tentang bagaimana negara-negara di dunia mengatasi hal ini. Di tengah Pandemi COVID-19 ini banyak ilmuwan berlomba untuk segera menemukan vaksin yang efektif untuk melawan virus ini. Contoh salah satu yang berhasil adalah penemuan ModernaTX, Inc., yang merupakan perusahaan biofarmasi yang berfokus pada penelitian, pengembangan, pembuatan, dan komersialisasi vaksin, dan perusahaan ini berbasis di Cambridge, Massachusetts, Amerika Serikat. Melihat pandemi COVID-19 yang semakin memperhatikan, terlebih lagi di negara berkembang, banyak negara yang mendesak untuk dilakukannya pengabaian sementara aturan paten (patent waiver) Vaksin COVID-19 di masa krisis ini. Misalnya India dan Afrika Selatan yang mengajukan Proposal Paten Waiver kepada WTO, alasannya tidak lain agar vaksin bisa dijangkau oleh semua kalangan dan diharapkan dapat menangani pandemi COVID-19. Tentu hal ini menimbulkan polemik diantara negara maju dan negara berkembang di mana ada dua kepentingan yang berbeda, negara yang satu melindungi investornya dan negara yang satu melindungi masyarakatnya. Dari sini dapat kita lihat bahwa COVID-19 banyak menyisakan ruang persoalan tersendiri, Oleh karenanya bagaimana cara hukum bekerja di tengah carut marut situasi ini penting untuk didiskusikan.

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Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) began to spread to various parts of the world since December 2019 which is known to have been first discovered in Wuhan, China. Certainly this has brought great disaster to 216 countries in the world, because no country is immune to this virus and the epidemic has spread to various continents and attacked many aspects of the world community. This worrying condition demands that the state play a stronger role by providing better service protection. Besides that, conditions like this raise big questions about how countries in the world overcome this. In the midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic, many scientists are racing to quickly find an effective vaccine against this virus. An example of one that has worked is the invention of ModernaTX, Inc., which is a biopharmaceutical company that focuses on research, development, manufacture and commercialization of vaccines, and this company is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America. Seeing the COVID-19 pandemic which is getting more and more attention, especially in developing countries, many countries are urging for a temporary waiver of patent regulations (patent waivers) COVID-19 vaccine in this time of crisis. For example, India and South Africa submitted proposals Waiver Patent to the WTO, the reason is none other than so that vaccines can be reached by all groups and it is hoped that they can deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Certainly this creates a polemic between developed and developing countries where there are two different interests, one country protects its investors and the other country protects its people. From this we can see that COVID-19 has left a lot of space for its own problems. Therefore, it is important to discuss how the law works in the midst of this chaotic situation."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas mengenai penerapan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia terhadap perdagangan komoditas kopi ditinjadu dari ketentuan WTO. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membahas mengenai dampak dari pelaksanaan ketentuan WTO terhadap pasar dan industri kopi nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan-bahan hukum seperti buku dan perundang-undangan, serta studi kasus , dimana suatu kesimpulan dapat ditarik yaitu ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia terhadap perdagangan komoditas kopi pada dasarnya sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan WTO, hanya saja dampak dan akibatnya menimbulkan efek yang beragam terhadap perkembangan industri komoditas kopi nasional dan perdagangan kopi indonesia di pasar internasional

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses the application of the provisions of Indonesian legislation to trade in coffee commodities are imported from the WTO provisions. In addition, this study also discusses the impact of implementation of WTO provisions on national coffee market and industry. This study uses normative juridical research method with literature study on legal materials such as books and legislation, and case studies, where a conclusion can be drawn that the provisions of Indonesian legislation on coffee commodity trading is basically in accordance with the provisions of the WTO, it 39 s just that the impact and consequences have a diverse effect on the development of national coffee commodity industry and Indonesian coffee trade in the international market."

"Perdagangan pangan internasional berperan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dunia. Karena itu, WTO sebagai lembaga internasional yang mengatur perdangangan internasional membuat beberapa ketentuan yang mengatur tentang perdagangan internasional terkait pangan. Penelitian ini menganalisis keselarasan ketentuan hukum perdagangan luar negeri Indonesia terkait pangan ditinjau dari ketentuan WTO, dengan melakukan perbandingan atas prinsip dan peraturan ketentuan perdagangan dan perdagangan luar negeri Indonesia terkait pangan dengan prinsip dan ketentuan WTO. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah studi kepustakaan menggunakan sumber hukum primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia sebagai salah satu anggota WTO, nyatanya memiliki beberapa ketentuan perdagangan pangan yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan WTO, yang berdampak terhadap harga dan ketersediaan pangan di dalam negeri.

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International food trade plays an important role in meeting world food needs. Consequently, WTO as an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade makes several provisions governing international trade related to foods. This thesis analyzes the harmony of the provisions of Indonesia’s international trade law based on WTO law, by comparing the principles and regulations of Indonesia’s international trade related to foods and trade with WTO principles and provisions. The method that is used in this thesis is library studies of primary and secondary source of law. This study found that Indonesia, as one of the members of WTO, has several food trade laws that are not in accordance with the WTO law, that impacts the price and availability of foods in the country."

"The Doha Miinisterial Conference in 2001 launched the Doha Round with an ambitious Doha Development Agenda (hereinafter "DDA") that focusses on the core market access issues of agriculture, non-agricultural market access (hereinafter "NAMA") and services. Today, after more than a decade of negotiations, conclusion of the DDA is nowhere in sight. The negotiations were in fact suspended in 2006, but resumed in 2007. The Bali Ministerial Conference in December 2013 achieved some measure of success under the new Director General Roberto Azevedo. In particular, since the DDA launch, Ministers have now agreed on a final Trade Faciliation. "