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"Summary:Employing a careful and nuanced discussion, Elli Louka explores here the emergence of new threshold nuclear weapon states (TNWS), transparency standards, and precautionary preemption"

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab bagaimana terjadinya perubahan kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap program nuklir Iran pada periode pemerintahan Obama. Amerika Serikat lebih terbuka untuk berdiplomasi dengan Iran, tetapi masih mempertahankan pendekatan koersifnya. Guna memahami perubahan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep perubahan kebijakan luar negeri oleh Jakob Gustavsson. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh perubahan kebijakan luar negeri yang merupakan konsekuensi dari empat hal. Pertama, pelemahan power militer Amerika Serikat dan perubahan fokus wilayah Amerika Serikat ke Asia. Kedua, polarisasi politik domestik dan penguatan perekonomian Amerika Serikat. Ketiga, keinginan Obama untuk membatasi penggunaan militer di luar negeri dan menyelesaikan isu nuklir Iran melalui diplomasi. Keempat, dinamika pengambilan keputusan di Gedung Putih. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keempat faktor ini berkontribusi terhadap tujuh perubahan kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap program nuklir Iran pada periode pemerintahan Obama. 

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This research aims to answer how United States foreign policy towards Irans Nuclear Program change during the Obamas administration. United States is more open to diplomacy with Iran yet still maintain its coercive postures. In order to understand this problem, this research uses the concept of foreign policy change by Jakob Gustavsson. The methodology used on this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. This research shows there are seven foreign policy changes that are the results of four factors. First, United States declining military power and the shift of United States regional focus to Asia. Second, the polarized domestic politic situation and United States strengthening economic power. Third, Obamas personal preference in limiting the use of United States military power abroad and solve the Iran nuclear issue through diplomacy. Fourth, the decision-making process at the White House. Therefore, this research concludes that these four factors contribute to the seven changes of United States foreign policy towards Irans nuclear program. 

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""Nuclear Weapons Under International Law is a comprehensive treatment of nuclear weapons under key international law regimes. It critically reviews international law governing nuclear weapons with regard to the inter-state use of force, international humanitarian law, human rights law, disarmament law, and environmental law, and discusses where relevant the International Court of Justice's 1996 Advisory Opinion. Unique in its approach, it draws upon contributions from expert legal scholars and international law practitioners who have worked with conventional and non-conventional arms control and disarmament issues. As a result, this book embraces academic consideration of legal questions within the context of broader political debates about the status of nuclear weapons under international law"--"

"The author gives us his account from the centre of the nuclear fray. Readers will sit at the dinner table with Iraqi officials in Baghdad, listening as they bleakly predict the coming war. They will eavesdrop on the exchanges between UN inspectors and U.S. officials observing the behind-the-scenes formulation of an approach to foreign policy and diplomacy that would come to characterise the Bush administration. We gain a feel for the difficulty of the IAEA inspectors' struggle to maintain objectivity when trust has been broken, or when the press - or governments - are playing fast and loose with the fac"