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"Pelaksanaan tender merupakan kegiatan yang wajib menerapkan prinsip persaingan usaha yang sehat. Dugaan persekongkolan guna mengatur dan menentukan pemenang tender terjadi dalam Tender Pekerjaan Rekonstruksi/Peningkatan Jalan Siborong-borong Cs di SATKER Pelaksanaan Jalan Nasional Wilayah II Propinsi Sumatera Utara Balai Besar Pelaksanaan Jalan Nasional I Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. KPPU sebagai lembaga yang diberi kewenangan oleh UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 untuk menegakkan Hukum Persaingan Usaha memegang peranan penting dalam kasus ini. Namun, dalam membuktikan temuan dan fakta dalam kasus ini KPPU terkesan tidak konsisten dan mengabaikan metode analisa yang telah diamanatkan dalam UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 yaitu metode rule of reason dalam membuktikan setiap dugaan kasus persekongkolan.

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Tender is one of the activities that must contain fair competition principles. Suspicion of tender conspiracy in order to regulate and determine the winning bidder was occurred in Tender of Reconstruction/Improvement Siborong-borong Cs Road in National Road Working Unit Regional II North Sumatra National Road Main Station I Director General of Highway Construction and Maintenance, Ministry of Public Works. Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) as an institution that is authorized by Act No. 5 of 1999 to uphold Competition Law, plays an important role in this case. Nonetheless, while analyzing the facts in this case, KPPU seemed to be inconsistent and ignored the methods of analysis that has been mandated in the Act No. 5 of 1999 in . The methods ignored are rule of reason and refer to the Commission Guidelines on Article 22 of Act No. 5 / 1999 as a minimum reference of the Commission in order to prove every tender conspiracy cases."

"ABSTRAKBeberapa penelitian terkini mengungkap bahwa konsumsi fakta bertema konspirasi didorong oleh motivasi untuk melindungi identitas sosial diri dalam situasi terancam. Terkait dengan makin populernya pandangan konservatif di Indonesia, sebuah penelitian mengenai teori konspirasi mengindikasikan kesalingterkaitan antara identifikasi sosial dan persepsi keterancaman dalam memprediksi kepercayaan teori konspirasi. Di sisi lain, kepercayaan terhadap teori konspirasi ditemukan terkait erat dengan kebutuhan kepastian jawaban, namun hubungan keduanya belum ditelaah secara mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara need for cognitive closure NFC dengan kepercayaan konspirasi lebih jauh dengan melihat bagaimana identifikasi sosial dan persepsi keterancaman berperan dalam hubungan tersebut. Sebuah studi observasional pada 399 Muslim di Indonesia menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan langsung antara need for cognitive closure dengan kepercayaan konspirasi. Namun dalam persepsi keterancaman tinggi, individu dengan tingkat NFC rendah lebih memercayai konspirasi, dan dalam identifikasi sosial rendah, individu dengan tingkat NFC tinggi cenderung lebih memercayai konspirasi. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan kepercayaan konspirasi sebagai upaya pemaknaan realitas melalui pemikiran terbuka, bukan sekadar simplifikasi melalui kategori-kategori sederhana.

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ABSTRACTSeries of investigations on conspiracy beliefs showed that the consumption of conspiracy themed facts was driven by social identity protection under threatening condition. Regarding the recent surge of conservatives in Indonesia, research on Indonesians resulted in an intertwined contribution of social identification and perceived threat in predicting conspiracy beliefs. However, despite the notion of conspiracy beliefs as a simplified understanding of reality, the relationship between desire for definite answer and conspiracy beliefs was inconsistent and largely undiscovered. This research aims to examine the relationship between need for cognitive closure NFC and belief in conspiracy theories further through social identification and perceived threat as situational factors. An observational study was conducted to 399 Indonesian Muslim. The result showed no direct relationship between NFC and generic conspiracist belief, but on participants with high perceived threat, people with low NFC tend to belief more in conspiracy theories than those who scored high in NFC. Moreover, on participants with low social identification toward Islam, people with high NFC tend to believe more in conspiracy theories. The result strengthen the notion that conspiracy theories is a manifestation of understanding reality through open mind, rather than mere simplification of reality through easily accessible categories."

"ABSTRAKAtas inisiatif tersebut, KPPU melakukan investigasi terhadap 4 (empat) Paket Pembangunan Jalan Dinas Bina Marga dan Tata Ruang (DBMTR) Provinsi Banten di atas terdapat dugaan pelanggaran Pasal 22 UU 5/1999 tentang Persekongkolan Tender dengan menyampaikan Laporan Dugaan Pelanggaran berupa indikasi kerjasama antara peserta dan atau dengan pihak lain. Ada beberapa indikasi persekongkolan tender yang belum terselesaikan dimasukkan dalam pertimbangan hukum Majelis Komisi dan alat bukti lain yang tidak dibahas dalam persidangan. Kemudian akan dilakukan penelitian dalam bentuk kesesuaian aplikasi Putusan UU No. 07 / KPPU-I / 2017 tentang Persaingan Usaha dan UU Pengadaanbarang dan layanan pemerintah yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dan sumber data berdasarkan data primer atau literatur berupa dokumen pejabat, buku, hasil penelitian berupa laporan, dan lain-lain. Sehingga bisa digambar Secara garis besar, dalam kasus a quo terdapat indikasi persekongkolan horizontal dalam bentuk (i) pengaturan untuk penempatan personel dan peralatan inti, (ii) adanya kerja sama antara para pihak peserta tender. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan perlakuan dalam menerapkan sistem evaluasi tender peserta tender oleh panitia pengadaan, sebagai indikasi persekongkolanvertikal. Bahwa indikasi tersebut menjadi bukti bukti di persidangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan oleh Majelis Komisi dan membutuhkan bukti langsung bersama sesuai. Alat bukti tidak bisa berdiri sendiri sehingga tidak ada bukti unsur-unsurnya "Kerjasama atau koordinasi" antara peserta tender dan / atau pihak lain dengan melakukan pengaturan pemenang tender dalam putusan a quo karena kurangnya bukti utamaBaik.ABSTRACTOn this initiative, the KPPU conducted an investigation into 4 (four) Banten Province Highways and Spatial Planning Agency (DBMTR) Road Development Packages for alleged violations of Article 22 of Law 5/1999 concerning Tender Conspiracy by submitting a Report on Alleged Violations in the form of indications of cooperation between participants. and or with other parties. There are several indications of unresolved tender conspiracies that were included in the Commission Council's legal considerations and other evidence that was not discussed in court. Then research will be carried out in the form of suitability of the application of Law No. 07 / KPPU-I / 2017 concerning Business Competition and the Procurement Lawapplicable government goods and services. This study uses normative research methods and data sources based on primary data or literature in the form of official documents, books, research results in the form of reports, and others. So that it can be drawn in broad outline, in the a quo case there are indications of horizontal conspiracy in the form of (i) arrangements for the placement of core personnel and equipment, (ii) cooperation between the parties participating in the tender. In addition, there are differences in treatment in implementing the tender evaluation system for tender participants by the procurement committee, as an indication of conspiracy vertical. That these indications serve as evidence at trial which needs to be considered by the Commission Council and requires joint direct evidence accordingly. Evidence cannot stand alone so there is no evidence that the elements are "cooperation or coordination" between tender participants and / or other parties by arranging tender winners in a quo decisions due to lack of primary evidence.Good."

" Aimed at a broad philosophical community, including epistemologists, political philosophers, and philosophers of history, this title contributes to the interdisciplinary debate about conspiracy theories."