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"It is the publicity about the pollutant release Inventory’s data which creates an incentive for firms to achieve emission reductions. Accordingly, public access to environmental information constitutes a core characteristic of the aforementioned inventory. Here, in essence, two facets arise. First, with regard to the collection, it is disputed whether such information, which may comprise confidential commercial and industrial information in the EU as well as trade secrets in the US, can be protected under fundamental and constitutional property rights respectively. Second, in the context of dissemination and utilisation, it is arguable whether the information indeed impacts polluters and produces an outcome that secures a certain level of environmental protection. The author responds to the first issue by taking the EU and US jurisdictions into account and strives to analyse how this novel form of Internet disclosure liberates market mechanisms in the quest for effective and efficient emission reductions."

"The spread of COVID-19 brings holistic and tough impacts to legal institutions. As the Roman proverb goes, necessity knows no law. This public health hazard has quickly developed into a state of emergency and an exception which must be admitted when discussing legal order, due to the disease’s strikingly rapid transmission and high fatality rate. To handle the lingering state of emergency caused by the pandemic in 2020, many states have either set up or altered their legal and procedural supervision mechanisms. This paper firstly examines the theoretical origins, developments, transformations and practices of the legal infrastructures with regard to state of emergency in the US and Taiwan. Based on such background, we further analyze the emergent preventive measures for COVID-19 in the two states, testing if their emergency legal systems are able to curb the pandemic while abiding by their constitutional principles. Our research shows that compared with Taiwan’s disease control model, the US federalism equips the federal and state governments with better legal frameworks to establish emergency safety nets. Despite this, the Trump administration failed to timely invoke the constitution-assigned presidential emergency order, engendering policy swings and incoordination between the federal and state authorities. The lack of coherence in the US leadership eventually led to the failure of the country’s pandemic governance. On the other hand, our comparative study indicates that in both nations’ approaches to inhibit COVID-19, the Presidential emergency power (decree) embedded in the Constitutions is replaced by the emergency legislation. The lawmaking-dependent inclination marked by the integration of laws for managing disasters and threats to public health not only highlights the decline of presidential emergency powers granted by constitutional laws, but also brings profound challenges to judicial review which aims to ensure human rights."

"Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) merupakan salah satu bentuk perjanjian internasional dibidang ekonomi yang mana didalamnya memuat pengaturan penanaman modal (investment chapter) yang digunakan oleh berbagai negara di dunia dalam mengatur penanaman modal asing, termasuk Indonesia. Adapun masalah yang akan dibahas antara lain bagaimana pengaturan penanaman modal dalam investment chapter CEPA Indonesia-Australia dan CEPA Indonesia-EU dengan menggunakan FTA EU-Singapura dan Model BIT India sebagai pembanding, dan kemudian berdasarkan perbandingan tersebut manakah pengaturan yang sebaiknya dimuat dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut digunakan pendekatan komparatif dan konseptual. Pendekatan komparatif digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaturan penanaman modal yang ada dalam investment chapter CEPA Indonesia-Australia, FTA EU-Singapura, dan Model BIT India untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai pengaturan yang sebaiknya diatur dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU. Pendekatan konseptual digunakan untuk melihat substantial obligations yang terdapat dalam perjanjian investasi internasional tersebut sebagai faktor pembanding yang meliputi standard of treatment (yang terdiri dari national treatment, most favoured nation treatment, fair and equitable treatment, serta full protection and security, performance requirements, expropriation, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan dari masing-masing perjanjian investasi internasional yang ada, dan berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan yang ada Model BIT India merupakan perjanjian yang paling ideal untuk diadopsi Indonesia dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU.

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Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) is a form of international agreement in the field of economics which contained investment chapter used by various countries in the world in regulating foreign investment, including Indonesia. The problems that will be discussed within this paper include how foreign investments are regulated in the investment chapter on CEPA Indonesia-Australia and the CEPA Indonesia-EU using the FTA EU-Singapore and Model BIT India as a comparison, and then based on these comparisons which provision should be included in the CEPA Indonesian-EU. To answer this problem, a comparative and conceptual approach is used. A comparative approach is used to see how the investment provision exist in the investment chapter of the CEPA Indonesia-Australia, the EU-Singapore FTA, and the Indian BIT Model to provide an overview of the provisions that should be regulated in the Indonesia-EU CEPA. The conceptual approach is used to view the substantial obligations contained in the international investment agreement as a comparison factor in which includes the standard of treatment (which consists of national treatment, most favorite nation treatment, fair and equitable treatment, and full protection and security), performance requirements, expropriation, and dispute resolution. The conclusion of the research conducted is that there are similarities and differences from each of the existing international investment agreements, and based on the similarities and differences that exist, the Model BIT India is the most ideal agreement to be adopted by Indonesia in the CEPA Indonesia-EU."

"This economic and political science work is a rigorous analysis that demonstrates that although it is a privilege and a benefit for the US to have its currency, the dollar, as the leading world reserve currency, the privilege also proves to be a very significant economic and security burden imposed on the nation. "

"This book examines the political factors in the economic relationship between the European Union and China that help to explain the apparent stalling of the EU-China strategic partnership in policy terms. Written by two specialists with long experience of EU-China relations, this new volume draws on the latest research on how each side has emerged from the economic crisis and argues that promising potential for EU-China cooperation is being repeatedly undermined by political obstacles on both sides. The work is designed to be an analysis useful for university faculty and students interested in China and the European Union as well as for the general reader, providing an empirically-led examination that is academically informed and yet also approachable. Dissecting key policy areas such as trade, research and innovation, investment, and monetary affairs, the conclusion offers a compelling prognosis of how the EU-China relationship might develop over the coming years"

"Pada tanggal 16 Agustus 2007 Presiden Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono menandatangani RUU Perseroan Terbatas yang disetujui oleh DPR, dan akibatnya itu menjadi UU No. 4 A Tahun 2 007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas hukum mencabut UU No. maka ada 1 Tahun 1995. Undang-undang ini memiliki 14 bab dan 161 artikel, dan memperkenalkan ketentuan baru pada, antara lain, responsibilites sosial dan lingkungan perusahaan (Cser). para legislator memiliki khusus didedikasikan Bab V dan Pasal nya 74 untuk efek ini, Cser didefinisikan sebagai komitmen perusahaan untuk berpartisipasi dalam berkelanjutan pembangunan ekonomi tujuan meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan environtment benefical untuk Perusahaan itu sendiri, masyarakat sekitar, dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Artikel ini membahas Cser sebagaimana diatur dalam UU Sehubungan i¡t Logika perseroan terbatas. Ini analisis perlunya penetapan itu dalam hukum dalam kaitannya dengan tujuan dari perseroan terbatas perusahaan.

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0n 16 August 2007 President Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono signed the Bill of Limited Liability Company as approved by the Parliament, and consequently it become the Law No. 4 A of Year 2 007 regarding Limited Liability company The law revokes the then existing Law No. 1 of Year 1995. This Law has 14 chapters and 161 articles, and introduces new provision on, inter alia, corporate social and environmental responsibilites (CSER). The legislators have specifically dedicated Chapter V and its Article 74 to this effect, CSER is defined as commitment of the Company to participate in sustainable economic development the intention of increasing the living quality and benefical environtment for the Company itself, the surrounding communities, and public in general. This article discusses CSER as stipulated in the Law i¡t relation the Logic of a limited liability company. It analyzes the necessity of stipulating it in the law in relation to the objective of a limited liability company."