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"Topeng Betawi sebagai tradisi lisan terus tumbuh dan mengalami pembaharuan di tengah modernisasi yang melingkupinya. Bertahannya Topeng Betawi menunjukkan bahwa kebudayaan bukan sesuatu yang kaku dan statis. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh kelompok Topeng Betawi Margasari Kacrit Putra untuk berhadapan dengan modernisasi dan perubahan di sekitaranya, yaitu dengan cara menyesuaikan struktur pertunjukannya dengan irama kehidupan yang semakin cepat. Melalui kajian metode transmisi, tampak ada seperangkat strategi yang diakukan untuk memelihara kelangsungan tradisinya. Topeng Betawi sebagai suatu pertunjukan yang mempunyai aspek teater dengan unsur hiburan dan ritual dengan unsur kemanjuran di dalamnya, diwujudkan melalui struktur pertunjukan yang digarap melalui strategi yang dimiliki, yaitu dengan dihadirkan elemen yang tetap dan elemen longgar.

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Topeng Betawi as an oral tradition continues to grow and innovate in the midst of modernization that surrounds it. The persistence of Topeng Betawi shows that culture is not rigid and static. An attempt made by Topeng Betawi Margasari Kacrit Putra Group to cope with modernization and change, is by adjusting the structure of the performance with the rapid rhythm of life. A study of the method of transmission shows there is a set of strategies used to preserve the tradition. Topeng Betawi as a performance that contains a theater aspect with the element of entertainment, and ritual aspect with the element of efficacy in it, is actualized through the structure of the performance that is brought out through those strategies, by featuring fixed elements as well as changeable elements."

"Togal adalah tradisi hiburan yang ada pada masyarakat Makian di Propinsi Maluku Utara. Tradisi ini menggabungkan beberapa unsur, yaitu musik, tarian, lantunan syair dan pantun. Dalam perkembangannya togal cenderung melemah, meskipun lemah tradisi ini masih bertahan sampai saat ini, dan dimungkinkan terus bertahan hingga di masa-masa mendatang. Hipotesanya adalah togal bisa bertahan karena memiliki kekuatan tertentu. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bermaksud memeriksa kekuatan apa yang dimiliki togal sehingga tradisi tersebut dimungkinkan bisa terus bertahan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Pilihan ini beradasarkan asumsi bahwa etnografi memanfaatkan tekhnik pengumpulan data pengamatan berperan serta (participant observation) yang memungkinkan togal bisa diungkapkan secara holistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kekuatan togal berada pada wilayah komunikasi, selain itu hakikat togal yang menampakkan kelenturannya pada berbagai aspek ternyata juga turut menjaga tradisi ini terus bertahan.

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Togal is entertainment tradition of Makian society in North Maluku province. This tradition combines several elements, namely music, dance, syair, and pantun. In its development togal tends to be weakened, although togal is weak this tradition survived until now, and it is possible to continue to endure in the future. The hypothesis is togal can survive because it has certain strengths. Thus, this study intends to examine what powers belong to the traditions that made possible togal can continue to survive.The research method used is qualitative with the ethnographic approach. This option base on the assumption that ethnographic utilize participant observation that allows togal can be disclosed holistically.The result of the study showed strength of togal is at the communication, besides that, the essence of togal that appear flexible on various aspects is also take care of this tradition continue to survive."

"Tesis yang berjudul Wayang Cokek: Tradisi Lisan dan Pengelolaannya pada Masyarakat Cina Benteng, Tangerang ? Banten membahas tentang ekspresi kebudayaan masyarakat dalam sebuah acara pesta pada situasi masyarakat yang sedang menghadapi perubahan sosial. Penelitian tesis ini meliputi tiga tahap. Setelah menyelesaikan proposal (tahap pertama), selanjutnya dilanjutkan pada tahap kedua dan ketiga yang menggunakan metode etnografi, dengan menggunakan alat bantu perekaman (video).Tesis ini memaparkan tiga hal utama: deskripsi perubahan masyarakat Cina Benteng; pertunjukan dan kelisanan Wayang Cokek; dan pengelolaan Wayang Cokek. Masyarakat Cina Benteng di Tangerang yang sedang menghadapi perubahan social, terus menjaga kuat kepercayaan nenek moyangnya. Salah satu seni tradisi yang masih bertahan adalah Wayang Cokek yang diiringi musik Gambang Kromong.Dalam tesis ini formula sebagai kerangka konsep tradisi lisan dalam Wayang Cokek dilihat dari dua sisi: gerak dan lirik. Pembahasan selanjutnya, pengelolaan tradisi. Dalam perkembangannya kini dikelola oleh kelompok seniman (paguyuban). Terjadinya perubahan pengelola seni ini membawa implikasi pada: bentuk pertunjukan, tata kelola pertunjukan, kehidupan seniman, dan keberlangsungan seni tradisi.

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Wayang Cokek: Oral Tradition and its management on Cina Benteng Society, Tangerang - Banten discusses the cultural expressions in a party at the situation that is facing social change. This thesis includes three stages. After completing the proposal (the first stage), then continued in the second and third stages of the ethnographic method, using the tools of recording (video).This thesis presents three main things: the description of Cina Benteng society; Wayang Cokek performing and orality; Wayang Cokek and management. Cina Benteng community in Tangerang facing social change, continue to keep a strong faith of his ancestors. One of the traditional art that still survive are Wayang Cokek accompanied Gambang Kromong music.In this thesis formulas as oral tradition within the framework of the concept of Wayang Cokek seen from two sides: the motion and lyrics. Further discussion, the management of tradition. In development now run by a group of artists (community). The art of managing changes have implications for: the form of performance, governance performances, artist life, and sustainability of traditional arts."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini merupakan penelitian mengenai tradisi lisan Gaok di Majalengka.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan fungsi dan makna Gaok bagikehidupan masyarakat Kulur Majalengka serta proses pemertahanan Gaok yangdilakukan dalang Rukmin. Sumber data diperoleh dari data lapangan dan studipustaka. Penelitian menggunakan beberapa konsep dan teori pertunjukan tradisilisan, kelisanan, teori struktural Propp dan pengelolaan tradisi lisan.Metode penelitian menggunakan metode etnografi (salah satu pendekatanKajian Tradisi Lisan). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Gaok memiliki maknadan fungsi bagi masyarakat Kulur Majalengka. Fungsi Gaok bagi masyarakat Kulurmeliputi: fungsi hiburan, media doa, dan fungsi penjaga nilai-nilai pendidikan.Makna Gaok meliputi: Representasi nilai-nilai spiritualitas, Representasi nilaiperempuan, representasi tradisi riungan dan pesta makanan, representasi normahukum, dan representasi sejarah Majalengka.Sedangkan upaya pemertahanan dilakukan oleh dalang melalui kreativitasmembuat Giok kombinasi, mengelola sanggar, dan menyimpan wawacan. Namundemikian upaya tersebut berjalan kurang optimal karena keterbatasan kemampuandan dana yang dimiliki Rukmin serta kurangnya dukungan dari pihak eksternal yaknipemerintah dan masyarakat. Akibatnya proses transmisi dan pewarisan melaluipengajaran terhadap generasi muda tidak berjalan.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis indicated a research about Gaok 's oral tradition in Majalengka. Theresearch aimed to disclose a function and Gaok's meaning for society life of Kulur,Majalengka. As well as the survival process of Gaok which was done by "dalang"(the master) Rukmin. Data sources was obtained by field study and literary study.This research used various of concepts and the theories of oral tradition performance,orality, Propp structural theory and the management of oral tradition.The research method used ethnography method (one of the approaches of OralTradition Study). The research result showed that Gaok had meaning and function forKulur society. The function were: entertainment,praying media, as well as forkeeping education values. The meaning of Gaok were: Representatives of spiritualvalues, Representatives of women values, Representatives of "Riungan" tradition andmeal party, Representatives of law values, Representatives of Majalengka's History.The effort to converse was done by "dalang" Rukmin through the creativity ofrrraking combination of Gaok, managing a Sanggar (club) and saving wawacan(texts.) However those efforl was not optirnal enough due to the lirnitation of abilityand fund which was owned by Rukrnin and lack of support from external sidesnamely government and society. As a result, transmission process and inheritancethrough teaching to young generation were not carried out.;This thesis indicated a research about Gaok 's oral tradition in Majalengka. Theresearch aimed to disclose a function and Gaok's meaning for society life of Kulur,Majalengka. As well as the survival process of Gaok which was done by "dalang"(the master) Rukmin. Data sources was obtained by field study and literary study.This research used various of concepts and the theories of oral tradition performance,orality, Propp structural theory and the management of oral tradition.The research method used ethnography method (one of the approaches of OralTradition Study). The research result showed that Gaok had meaning and function forKulur society. The function were: entertainment,praying media, as well as forkeeping education values. The meaning of Gaok were: Representatives of spiritualvalues, Representatives of women values, Representatives of "Riungan" tradition andmeal party, Representatives of law values, Representatives of Majalengka's History.The effort to converse was done by "dalang" Rukmin through the creativity ofrrraking combination of Gaok, managing a Sanggar (club) and saving wawacan(texts.) However those efforl was not optirnal enough due to the lirnitation of abilityand fund which was owned by Rukrnin and lack of support from external sidesnamely government and society. As a result, transmission process and inheritancethrough teaching to young generation were not carried out., This thesis indicated a research about Gaok 's oral tradition in Majalengka. Theresearch aimed to disclose a function and Gaok's meaning for society life of Kulur,Majalengka. As well as the survival process of Gaok which was done by "dalang"(the master) Rukmin. Data sources was obtained by field study and literary study.This research used various of concepts and the theories of oral tradition performance,orality, Propp structural theory and the management of oral tradition.The research method used ethnography method (one of the approaches of OralTradition Study). The research result showed that Gaok had meaning and function forKulur society. The function were: entertainment,praying media, as well as forkeeping education values. The meaning of Gaok were: Representatives of spiritualvalues, Representatives of women values, Representatives of "Riungan" tradition andmeal party, Representatives of law values, Representatives of Majalengka's History.The effort to converse was done by "dalang" Rukmin through the creativity ofrrraking combination of Gaok, managing a Sanggar (club) and saving wawacan(texts.) However those efforl was not optirnal enough due to the lirnitation of abilityand fund which was owned by Rukrnin and lack of support from external sidesnamely government and society. As a result, transmission process and inheritancethrough teaching to young generation were not carried out.]"

"Penelitian ini mengkaji tradisi lisan asli Betawi, ngerahul, yang dilakukan masyarakat Betawi Mampang melalui memori kolektif yang mereka miliki. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh dan mengungkapkan upaya yang nyata untuk mengembalikan peranan ingatan masyarakat Betawi Mampang terhadap tradisinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis karena menjelaskan, memberikan ilustrasi, dan simpulan terhadap permasalahan yang telah didapatkan dan diteliti sekaligus cukup adaptif dan peka terhadap pola-pola atau yang diterapkan masyarakat dalam tradisi ini. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber terverifikasi, termasuk budayawan Betawi dan pelaku budaya tersebut. Penelitian ini memperoleh temuan bahwa ngerahul pada era modern di kawasan tersebut dijalankan atas dasar kebutuhan pelakunya dengan modal ingatan masa lalu. Di satu sisi, dengan ngerahul, mereka memperoleh timbal balik dan nilai-nilai yang bermanfaat untuk kehidupan mereka.

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This research examines the indigenous oral tradition of Betawi called ngerahul, which is practiced by the Betawi community in Mampang, through their collective memory. The purpose of this study is to obtain and reveal the genuine efforts to restore the role of Betawi Mampang community's memory in relation to their tradition. This research utilizes a qualitative method with an analytical descriptive approach, as it seeks to explain, illustrate, or draw conclusions regarding the identified and researched issues, while also being adaptable and sensitive to the patterns or practices implemented by the community in this tradition. The data collection method employed for this research is interviews with several verified sources, including Betawi cultural experts and practitioners. The study findings indicate that ngerahul, in the modern era of the area, is carried out based on the needs of its participants with the aid of past memories. With ngerahul, they gain reciprocity and values that are beneficial to their lives."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas Salawat Wahidiyah karya KH. Abdoel Madjid Ma’roef.Salawat Wahidiyah terdiri dari dua bentuk sastra: prosa dan puisi. Penelitian inimenggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analisis melalui pendekatan struktural.Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis bentuk salawat tersebut adalah strukturbahasa untuk prosa dan teori ilmu ‘aruud untuk puisi, sedangkan untuk menganalisismakna menggunakan teori ilmu Ma’ani. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa teksSalawat Wahidiyah menggunakan bahasa Arab yang mudah dipahami dan bentukpuisinya mengikuti gaya puisi Klasik. Unsur Ma’ani yang dominan dari salawat iniadalah al-‘amr berjenis al-du’aa sehingga tema salawat ini adalah doa; doa kepadaAllah, kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, dan kepada GauṡK

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ABSTRACTThis research about Salawat Wahidiyah of KH. Abdoel Madjid Ma’roef. ThisSalawat consist of two literature forms: proses and poetries. This research uses libraryresearch methods with structural approach. Grammatical in Arab language is theorywhich is used to analyze prose forms, and ‘aruud is theory which is used to analyzepoetry forms. In besides, ma’ani is used to analyze the meaning. The result show thatSalawat Wahidiyah uses Arabic language that easy to understand and appropriateArabic classic poem style. Al-du’aa which is the type of Al-Amr form is thedominant elements in this salawat, its show that the theme of this salawat is prayer.There are three kinds of prayer: pray to Allah, pray to Prophet Muhammad SAW,and, pray to Gauṡ."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tradisi lisan kato pasambahan dalam alek pernikahan di Nagari Talang Anau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Penelitian ini membahas tiga aspek utama, yaitu tentang kelisanan kato pasambahan, perubahan, dan strategi pemertahanan. Analisis kelisanan dari perspektif kajian tradisi lisan fokus membahas tentang penciptaan, nformula dan mnemonik, dan struktur pertunjukan. Penciptaan kato pasambahan sangat mengandalkan memori ingatan dari para tukang sembah. Formula khas kato pasambahan yang ditemukan dari hasil analisis adalah pengulangan di awal dan pengulangan tanya-jawab di setiap permulaan sembah yang memiliki sejumlah fungsi tertentu. Mnemonik khas kato pasambahan adalah carano sirih pinang yang memiliki fungsi sebagai alat untuk mengingat dan simbol penghormatan, struktur pertunjukan kato pasambahan terdiri dari bagian pembukaan awal , isi tengah , dan penutup akhir . Struktur peristiwa inti kato pasambahan dikategorikan ke dalam adat nan bapaneh di luar ruangan , adat nan balinduang di dalam ruangan , dan niat nazar pembacaan doa selamat . Perubahan di dalam tradisi lisan kato pasambahan yang dominan dibagi ke dalam tiga aspek, yaitu perubahan persiapan dan perlengkapan pernikahan, perubahan pertunjukan kato pasambahan, dan perubahan hiburan pada pesta pernikahan. Perubahan itu disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal dipicu oleh masalah-masalah internal kaum. Sementara itu, faktor eksternal disebabkan oleh perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi informasi. Stategi pemertahanan dilakukan untuk mempertahankan tradisi ini di antaranya melalui transmisi pewarisan dan melakukan beberapa penyesuaian dalam alek sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Selain itu, diperlukan sinergi antara pemerintah nagari dan lembaga adat setempat, lembaga pendidikan formal sekolah , dan lembaga pendidikan nonformal surau . Di samping itu, diperlukan inventarisasi dan dokumentasi tradisi lisan kato pasambahan tersebut sebagai model dasar pewarisan bagi generasi berikutnya.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the oral tradition of kato pasambahan at wedding ceremony in Nagari Talang Anau. This research uses qualitative method with etnhography approach. This study discusses three main aspects, namely about kato pasambahan, change, and defense strategy. Graduation analysis from the perspektive of oral tradition studies focuses on creation, formulas and mnemonics, and performance structures. The expanded kato pasambahan given memories of the devotees, the typical formula of the kato pasambahan found from this analysis is the initial repetition and repetition of questions and answers at the beginning of a certain number of worship. Character properties of kato pasambahan is carano that serves as a warning tool and a respect symbol, congestion stage stages consist of openings, contents center , and closing ending . The core event structure of the exanded kato pasambahan is categorized into adat nan bapaneh outdoors , adat nan balindung inside the house indoors , and niat nazar recitation of prayer . The dominant change in installation is divided into three aspect changes in preparation and wedding equipment, kato pasambahan change performances, and entertaiments changes at weddings. This change is caused by external and internal factors. Internal factors are triggered by internal problems of the kaum. Meanwhile, external problems are caused by the development of science and information technology. The defense strategy is carried out to maintain this tradition through transmission and make adjustments in wedding party according to the demands of the times. In addition, synergy between nagari institutions and customary institutions, formal education institutions schools , and nonformal institutions surau are required. In addition, it takes inventory and documentations of tradition kato pasambahan as the basic model of inheritance for the next generation."

"Masyarakat Kalianda memiliki tradisi lisan Kias yang tidak dimiliki oleh orang Lampung lainnya. Tradisi ini dikembangkan dari empat tradisi lisan kesastraan yang ada di Lampung, yaitu Wawacan, Sakiman, Pepacokh, dan Hehiwang. Oleh sebab itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa masyarakat Lampung Peminggir Kalianda melakukan inovasi dengan menyatukan empat tradisi itu dalam satu bentuk, yaitu Kias. Disertasi ini akan membicarakan Kias, baik sebagai teks yang diciptakan maupun sebagai pertunjukan yang dipengaruhi oleh konteks yang melingkupinya. Kajian dilakukan berdasarkan tiga masalah yang diajukan, yaitu bagaimana pembentukan Kias dalam masyarakat Lampung Peminggir Kalianda, bagaimana pemahaman mereka terhadap Kias, dan bagaimana hubungan Kias dengan konsep Piil Pesenggir. Penelitian dilakukan dalam waktu yang cukup panjang di desa-desa di Kecamatan Kalianda dan Desa Sidomulyo di Kecamatan Sidorejo. Di dua wilayah ini pertunjukan Kias diamati dan direkam. Wawancara dengan berbagai pihak juga dilakukan guna mendukung aspek-aspek yang ingin diteliti. Data yang terkumpul kemudian telaah melalui pisau analisis yang diajukan oleh Finnegan dalam Oral Poetry: Its Nature and Social Context mengenai kriteria puisi lisan komposisi, transmisi, dan penyajian . Tujuannya adalah menjawab tiga permasalahan di atas. Dengan demikian, akan tampak bagaimana masa depan Kias sebagai sebuah tradisi dan bagaimana masyarakat menjaga piil pesenggir melalui pertunjukan-pertunjukan Kias.

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People in Kalianda have a Kias oral tradition what people in other place in Lampung don rsquo t have. The tradition was developed by four oral literate traditions in Lampung. They are Wawacan, Sakiman, Pepacokh, and Hewiwang. That rsquo s why we can be told that people in Lampung PeminggirKalianda did an innovation by united the four traditions in one design, Kias,The disertation will talk about kias, as a teks that was created eventhough as a performance that has been affected by a conteks that has affected it. The study was done based upon three problems those have been submitted, they are how is the Kias formation in people in Lampung Peminggir Kalianda, how is their comprehension to the Kias, and how is the realtion between Kias and Piil Pesenggir concept.

The research was done in a long time in the villages in Kecamatan Kalianda and Sidomulyo village in Kecamatan Sidorejo, in two place this Kias performance was observersed and recorded. The interview with many sides also did, in order to support the aspects what we wanted to research. The data have been collected then we studied though method analysis what was submitted by Finnegan in Oral Poetry its Nature and Social Context about the criteria of oral poetry composition, transition, presentation . The goal is to answer that three problem.The goal is to answer three problems up there. Therefore, it will be seen how is the future of kias as a tradition and how did the people maintain the piil pesenggir through kias performance. "

"ABSTRAKLakon Bapak Jantuk merupakan segmen terakhir dari struktur pertunjukan teater tradisional Topeng Betawi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pewarisan Lakon Bapak Jantuk yang selama ini berjalan. Sumber data diperoleh dari data lapangan dan studi pustaka. Penelitian menggunakan konsep/teori pewarisan, formula, kelisanan, pertunjukan, dan penciptaan tradisi lisan. Metode etnografi, dipilih sebagai metode penelitian karena memang kerap menjadi salah satu pendekatan terpenting dalam kajian tradisi lisan. Dengan pendekatan etnografi, pengetahuan tentang sosial budaya masyarakat Betawi dan pewarisan Lakon Bapak Jantuk kepada seniman generasi muda dapat diungkapkan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa model pewarisan Lakon Bapak Jantuk sejak dahulu hingga kini dilakukan secara alamiah. Pewarisan seperti ini rentan terhadap dinamika dunia hiburan populer. Dengan kata lain, pewarisan dilakukan dengan cara memperhatikan lalu menirukan permainan seniman senior di atas pentas, baik itu musik, dialog, lagu, tari, pantun, dan sebagaunya. Metode pewarisan itulah satu-satunya yang ada. Oleh karena itu perlu diciptakan metode pewarisan formal melalui pendidikan yang didukung kurikulum.

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ABSTRACT

This theses aim to uncovered the inheritance of the Lakon Bapak Jantuk. The main data resources had taken during the fieldwork and some of it had been conducted by doing related literary studies on the topic.

In this work, I use the inheritance concept, formula, orality, performance, and the recreation of oral tradition. In order to approach the data, ethnography research method is chosen because this method is always be an important approach for oral tradition research. Using the ethnographical approach, the sociocultural part of Betawinese people and the inheritance of Lakon Bapak Jantuk to the younger generation can be revealed.

The result shows that since long times ago up till now, the inheritance models of Lakon Bapak had been done in natural way. Therefore, this kind of inheritance model is vulnerable and can easily influenced by popular performance. Usually, this natural way, done by imitating the senior artists on the stage, from it?s music, dialogue, dance, songs, pantun, etc. Since there is only one inheritance method that exist, it is crucially need to create formal inheritance models through the educational aspect. Therefore, further preservation can be achieved effectively."