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"In the year 2002, Y. V. Reddy introduced a new thought in monetary economics theory, especially about transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Reddy classified the channels of transmission mechanism into three types, there are quantum channel, interest rate channel, and asset price channel. Quantum channel consists of two channels, there are money channel and credit channel This research will examine the differences between money channel and credit channel, the factors which affect volume of money supply (M2) and credit, the stability of quantum channel and also effectiveness of quantum channel, especially related on its role to push the economic growth. This research uses a monthly data from the year 1993 until 2005, The analysis of this research divided into three parts of period, pre-crisis period (1993-1996), crisis period (1997-2001), and post-crisis period (2002-2005). in the pre-crisis period credit channel more stable in transmission mechanism of monetary policy and more effective to push the economic growth. In the crisis, quantum channel did not effective to push economic growth. In the post-crisis period quantum channel also did not effective to push the economic growth."

"The research studied: which aggregate demand affected the national income -- it should be affected by an investment normatively -- and how the roles on economic development. The economic development was considered qualified when the development was not solely for the economic growth itself but also producing impact on social welfare: namely, higher emplyment and income percapita and lower poverly level.This research aimed so study: (1) the direction and the strength of the influence of consumption, investment and net export to growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and (2) the direction and the strength of the influences of GDP growth on employment, income percapita, and poverty level. From both these objectives could be produced measurement model of aggregate demands role in improving employment and income per capita and decreasing poverty level through increased GRP growth."

"Tesis ini membahaspelaksanaan program pemberdayaan ekonomi sebagai strategi reintegrasi pasca konflik dengan mempelajari program pemberdayaan ekonomi BRA (Badan Reintegrasi Aceh) di Kab. Aceh Utara. Program tersebut dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2006 hingga sekarang, dengan kelompok sasaran mantan kombatan, tahanan politik/narapidana politik, dan masyarakat korban konflik. Ditemukan bahwa program pemberdayaan ekonomi berhasil mendukung strategi reintegrasi pasca konflik dalam jangka pendek, namun tidak berhasil mengembangkan tujuan jangka panjang sebagai pemberdayaan masyarakat. Faktor pendukung yang ditemukan adalah: reintegrasi sebagai kesatuan; faktor keamanan; rasa memiliki; penetapan prioritas; dukungan internasional; dan kejujuran. Adapun faktor-faktor penghambat adalah: kurangnya kapasitas; keterbatasan waktu; keterbatasan anggaran; dan kurangnya dukungan pemerintah lokal.

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This thesis discusses the implementation of economic empowerment program as a post-conflict reintegration strategy by studying economic empowerment program of BRA (Aceh Reintegration Agency) in North AcehRegency.The program was implemented from 2006 to present, whereas the target group are former combatants, political prisoners, and conflict-affected communities. It was found that the economic empowerment program is successful for supporting postconflict reintegration strategy in the short term, but failed to develop a long-term goal as empowerment. Supporting factors found are: reintegration as a whole concept; security; ownership, the hierarchy of priorities; international support, and accountability. The limiting factors are: capacity building; limitations of time, funding scarcity, and unresponsive local government."

"Tugas Karya Akhir (TKA) ini akan membahas mengenai perkembangan praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok melalui tinjauan literatur. Penulis melihat bahwa praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok terus mengalami perkembangan, khususnya setelah Tiongkok hadir sebagai negara dengan laju pembangunan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat sejak pembukaan ekonominya pada tahun 1978. Sejak bergabungnya Tiongkok ke World Trade Organization (WTO) pada tahun 2001 yang menandai terintegrasinya Tiongkok secara penuh ke tatanan ekonomi internasional, kajian praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok terfokus pada dampak internasional yang diberikan atas perilaku Tiongkok di tatanan internasional. Dalam meninjau perkembangan literatur mengenai praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok melalui metode analisis taksonomi, penulis melakukan tinjauan atas literatur yang membahas mengenai 1) motivasi praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok; 2) karakteristik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok; dan 3) dampak praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok di lingkungan internal dan eksternal. Tinjauan literatur yang penulis lakukan kemudian memunculkan beberapa temuan, yakni 1) praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok dikaji berdasarkan keberadaan tujuan nasional Tiongkok sebagai pedoman perilaku Tiongkok dalam merumuskan kebijakan; 2) akademisi melihat Tiongkok sebagai negara yang menerapkan nasionalisme ekonomi secara adaptif; 3) terdapat tantangan dalam kajian praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok yang berada pada keterbatasan konteks historis; dan 4) adanya peningkatan tren kajian praktik nasionalisme ekonomi Tiongkok berdasarkan dampak praktik terhadap lingkungan eksternal pada abad ke-21.

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This final paper will discuss the development of Chinese economic nationalism practice through a literature review. The author sees that the practice of Chinese economic nationalism is developing continuously, especially after China emerged as a country with a fast paced development and steady economic growth since its economic opening in Deng Xiaoping’s regime in 1978. Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 which marked China’s full integration into the international economic order, the study of Chinese economic nationalism practice focuses on the international impact China has in the international order. This literature review aims to understand the development of Chinese economic nationalism practice through a taxonomic analysis model, by selecting the literature that discusses 1) the motivation behind the Chinese economic nationalism practice; 2) the characteristics of Chinese economic nationalism; and 3) the impact of China’s economic nationalism practices on both internal and external environment. Finally, the literature review contributes to several findings, namely 1) the Chinese economic nationalism practice was studies based on the existence of China’s national goals as a guideline for China’s behavior and policies formulation; 2) researchers see China as a country that implements economic nationalism adaptively; 3) there are challenges in studying the Chinese economic nationalism practices mainly due to the limited historical context of China domestic economic development; and 4) there is an increasing trend in the Chinese economic nationalism practice study, which based on the practice’s impact on the external economic environment in the 21st century."

"Kebijakan pembatasan pemanfaatan gambut (moratorium) berdampak langsung bagi usaha hutan tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan untuk memperoleh nilai manfaat ekonomi dan lingkungan akibat penerapan kebijakan melalui evaluasi Nilai Ekonomi dengan menggunakan nilai tanah, biaya sosial karbon dan tata air sebagai variabel estimasi. Penerapan kebijakan moratorium menyebabkan potensi manfaat ekonomi yang hilang mencapai Rp 3,08 triliun/tahun, namun moratorium dapat menghindari kerugian lingkungan dari emisi karbon sebesar Rp 68 triliun, manfaat pengelolaan air sebesar Rp 1,5 triliun. Sehingga, kebijakan moratorium memberikan nilai manfaat lingkungan lebih besar daripada manfaat ekonomi yang dapat diperoleh dari pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk hutan tanaman.

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The moratorium policy on peatland uses has an impact for plantations forest, this study is conducted the economic and environment benefits from the policy by evaluating the Total Economic Value. Resources rent, social cost of carbon, and water regulation used as estimation variables. The moratorium causes potential economic lost amounted to IDR 3.08 billion/years,but could avoid environmental loss from carbon emissions of IDR 68 billion, benefit of water management amounted of IDR 1.5 billion. The moratorium policy provides positive value in term of environmental benefit greater than the economic benefits that can be obtained from peatland utilization for plantations."

"Pembangunan hutan tanaman industri (HTI) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktifitas lahan, menghasilkan devisa, menyerap tenaga kerja dan memenuhi bahan baku industri. Berkembangnya isu perubahan iklim dan emisi karbon menyebabkan pemerintah dihadapkan pada pilihan dilematis apakah melakukan pemanfaatan lahan gambut menjadi HTI atau mempertahankannya sebagai kawasan konservasi. Valuasi ekonomi manfaat ekonomi dan lingkungan pembatasan pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk HTI digunakan untuk menjawab dilemma tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan benefit transfer, nilai dan fungsi jasa lingkungan divaluasi. Hasilnya gambut mempunyai nilai lahan Rp 4 juta/ha, mampu menyimpan air 24 rb m3/ha. Namun perubahan penggunaan lahan gambut menjadi HTI menyebabkan emisi senilai Rp 40 juta/ha dan biaya restorasi Rp 14,5 juta/ha. Nilai ekonomi pemanfaatan lahan gambut yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 10,8 T, dan dengan pembatasan pemanfaatan gambut dapat menghindari hilangnya jasa lingkungan (karbon, tata air dan biodiversitas). Kepastian mekanisme dan pasar karbon menjadi tumpuan perolehan nilai jasa lingkungan yang maksimal.

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Plantation Forest (PF) means to increase land productivity, generate exchange, absorb labor and industrial materials needs. The issue of climate change and carbon emissions caused Government faced a dilemmatic choice: use peatland or maintain it as a conservation area. Economic valuation of economic benefits of the peatland moratorium for PF used to answer the dilemma. By using the benefit transfer approach, the value and function of environmental services are valued. As a result, peat has a land value of IDR4 million/ha, able to store 24.000 m3 water/ha. The changes in peatland use to PF caused emissions of Rp. 40 million / ha and restoration costs of IDR 14.5 million/ha. The economic value of the PF obtained IDR 10.8 T, and with restrictions on the use of peat can avoid of environmental services loss (carbon, water management and biodiversity). Certainty carbon mechanisms and markets is a cornerstone to obtaining maximum value of environmental services."