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"Pesisir Barat Kabupaten Pandeglang yang menghadap Selat Sunda merupakan daerah yang rawan terhadap terjadinya bencana alam. Tinggi gelombang dan pasang surut air laut, termasuk tsunami merupakan bencana yang sering melanda pesisir tersebut. Eksosistem mangrove yang merupakan bagian dari ekosistem pesisir memiliki peranan penting dalam mengurangi bencana alam akibat gelombang air laut. Di samping dapat mengurangi terjadinya abrasi, sistem perakaran mangrove dapat menahan laju sedimentasi. Sehingga akan memperluas garis pantai atau akresi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekosistem mangrove terhadap perubahan garis pantai yang berupa abrasi dan akresi dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun dari tahun 2010 hingga 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan memanfaatkan Remote Sensing dan teknologi GIS. Pengumpulan data menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 7 ETM+ Tahun 2010, Landsat 8 OLI/TRS Tahun 2015 dan 2020. Pengolahan data spasial menggunakan google earth engine, software ArcGIS 10.6 dan ENVI 5.3. Data perubahan ekosistem mangrove diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode NDVI. Teknis GIS digunakan untuk analisis data laju perubahan garis pantai secara spasial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari tahun 2010 hingga 2020, ekosistem mangrove selalu mengalami perubahan setiap periodenya. Ekosistem mangrove di sepanjang pesisir Kabupaten Pandeglang mengalami penambahan dari tahun 2010 hingga 2015, namun kembali berkurang pada tahun 2020 akibat bencana tsunami Banten tahun 2018. Perubahan ini tentunya juga mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan garis pantai. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik, penurunan luas mangrove mempunyai pengaruh sebesar 48,63% terhadap luas abrasi dan penambahan luas mangrove mempunyai pengaruh sebesar 51,7% terhadap luas akresi. Secara spasial penelitian ini menunjukkan penurunan dan penambahan luas mangrove berbanding lurus dengan perubahan luas abrasi dan akresi.

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The coastal area of Pandeglang Regency , which faces the Sunda Strait, is prone to natural disaters. As the high wave tides, and in same periode including tsunami, are the named type of disasters that frequently hit the area. Mangrove ecosystem that are the part of coastal ecosystems have an importance role in reducing natural disasters caused by seawater waves. In addition to preventing abrasion, the mangrove root system can hold sediment. So that it will expand the coastline or accretion. This study aims to determine the effect of existence of mangrove ecosystems on coastline change in the form of abrasion and accretion within ten years during 2010 to 2020. The research method uses remote sensing and GIS Technology. The remote sensing data collection uses is separate into Landsat 7 ETM+ for 2010 and Landsat 8 OLI/TRS for 2015 and 2020. Spatial data processing using google earth engine, ArcGIS 10.6 and ENVI 5.3 software. Mangrove ecosystem change data is obtained using NDVI method. GIS technology is used for spatial analysis of coastline change rate data. As a result of this study show that during 2010 to 2020, mangrove ecosystems always change every period. Mangrove ecosystems along the coastal area of Pandeglang Regency increased during 2010 to 2020, but decreased in 2020 caused by Banten Tsunami disaster in 2018. This change certainly also affects the change of coastline. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the decrease in mangrove area has an influence of 48.68% on the area of abrasion, and the addition of mangrove area has an influence of 51.7% on the area of accretion. Spatially revealed that the decrease and the addition of mangrove area is proportional to the area changes abrasion and accretion."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian aktivitas antibakteri 38 isolat actinomycetes hasil isolasi dari serasah pada ekosistem bakau di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Penapisan dengan plug method menunjukkan bahwa isolat SRM 2 merupakan isolat terunggul dengan Indeks Aktivitas IA antibakteri terhadap Kocuria rhizophila NBRC 12708 1,60, Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 100910 1,18, dan Escherichia coli NBRC 3301 0,71. Produksi senyawa antibakteri dari isolat SRM 2 dilakukan dengan metode still culture pada dua medium berbeda yaitu Cross Streak Media CSM broth dan Production Medium IV PM4 selama 3, 6, dan 9 hari inkubasi. Hasil uji antibakteri dari filtrat medium fermentasi menggunakan diffusion method menunjukkan bahwa medium CSM broth yang diinkubasi selama 6 hari memiliki IA tertinggi terhadap bakteri uji. Ekstraksi senyawa antibakteri dilakukan dengan pelarut etil asetat dan ekstrak kasar diuji pada konsentrasi 20 mg/mL. Hasil uji menunjukkan adanya IA antibakteri hanya terhadap K. rhizophila 0,45 0,08. Sementara hasil uji filtrat medium setelah ekstraksi dengan etil asetat menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri terhadap K. rhizophila IA: 1,75 0,16, S. aureus IA: 1,18 0,36, Bacillus subtilis NBRC 13719 IA: 0,16 0,05, E. coli IA: 0,79 0,03, dan Pseudomonas sp. IA: 0,10 0,04. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa isolat SRM 2 menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri bersifat sangat polar dan semi polar. Senyawa sangat polar terlarut dalam filtrat medium, sedangkan senyawa semi polar terekstraksi dengan etil asetat. Hasil analisis dengan High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC menunjukkan masih adanya senyawa antibakteri dalam filtrat medium setelah diekstraksi dengan etil asetat.

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Research about antibacterial activity of 38 actinomycetes isolates from leaf litter of mangrove ecosystem in Pramuka island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta was carried out. Screening of antibacterial activity by plug method showed isolate SRM 2 was the most potential isolate which Activity Index AI against Kocuria rhizophila NBRC 12708 1.60, Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 100910 1.18, and Escherichia coli NBRC 3301 0.71. Production of antibacterial compound from isolate SRM 2 was done by using still culture method on Cross Streak Media CSM broth and Production Medium IV PM 4 for 3, 6, and 9 days incubation. Antibacterial test using filtrate medium by diffusion method showed CSM broth incubated for 6 days has the highest AI against bacterial tested. Extraction of antibacterial compound was done by ethyl acetate solvent and 20 mg ml extracts were tested. Antibacterial test showed AI of antibacterial against K. rhizophila AI 0.45 0.08. Meanwhile antibacterial test using filtrate medium after extraction showed antibacterial activity against K. rhizophila AI 1.75 0.16, S. aureus AI 1.18 0.36, Bacillus subtilis NBRC 13719 AI 0.16 0.05, E. coli AI 0.79 0.03, and Pseudomonas sp. AI 0.10 0.04. Antibacterial coumpounds from isolate SRM 2 were highly polar and semi polar. Highly polar compound dissolved in filtrate medium, while semi polar compound extracted with ethyl acetate. Analysis using High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC proved antibacterial compund contained in filtrate medium after extraction by ethyl acetate."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku masyarakat pesisir dalam melestarikan ekosistem mangrove dan faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhinya...."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aktivitas amilase 28 isolat actinomycetes dari serasah pada ekosistem bakau di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Penapisan secara kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan metode iodin pada medium starch agar, kemudian berdasarkan zona bening yang terbentuk, aktivitas amilase diekspresikan sebagai Indeks Aktivitas (IA) amilase. Penapisan secara semi-kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan metode iodin pada medium starch broth, kemudian nilai transmitan diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer pada λ=620 nm. Berdasarkan hasil penapisan tersebut, SM 25 merupakan isolat terpilih dengan nilai IA= 3,21 dan transmitan 84,3%. Uji aktivitas amilase isolat SM 25 dan konsentrasi glukosa yang terbentuk pada filtrat medium fermentasi dengan dua sumber pati berbeda yaitu soluble starch dan tepung beras diukur pada λ=540 nm berdasarkan metode dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). Aktivitas amilase isolat SM 25 pada medium dengan tepung beras (3,33 U/mL) lebih rendah daripada medium dengan soluble starch (5,02 U/mL). Namun konsentrasi glukosa pada medium pertumbuhan isolat SM 25 dengan tepung beras (582 μg/mL) lebih tinggi daripada medium dengan soluble starch (407 μg/mL). Hasil identifikasi menggunakan sekuens parsial gen 16S rRNA, isolat SM 25 teridentifikasi sebagai Streptomyces sanyensis dengan homologi sebesar 99,66 persen.

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Research about amylase activity of 28 actinomycetes isolates from mangrove litter at Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta, has been carried out. Qualitative screening was done using iodine method on starch agar, based on the formation of clear zone, then amylase activity was expressed as amylase Activity Index (AI). Semi-quantitative screening was done using iodine method on starch broth, then transmittance value was measured using spectrophotometer at λ=620 nm. Among the isolates tested, SM 25 was the isolate with the most potential for amylase activity with AI=3,21 and transmittance 84,3% which was further tested. Amylase activity of isolate SM 25 and glucose concentration in medium filtrate with soluble starch and rice flour was measured at λ=540 nm using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The result showed that isolate SM 25 has lower amylase activity in medium with rice flour (3,33 U/mL) than soluble starch (5,02 U/mL). However, isolate SM 25 has higher glucose accumulation in medium with rice flour (582 μg/mL) than soluble starch (407 μg/mL). Identification based on partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene, isolate SM 25 was identified as Streptomyces sanyensis with 99,66 homology."

"Study on mangrove forest in the coastal zone of Lampung bay,Province of lampung was carried out on March 12-30,2007 . The data was collected from 8 stationsm(Pidada bay,Limbungan,Puhawang Kecil Island,kalangan,Klagian Island,Kapuran,Ringgung and Hurun Bay) based on the transect method...."

"Litter production is one of the major nutrient enrichments in a mangrove forest. Investigation on nutrient components in litter will lead to evaluation of nutrient accumulation. Therefore, this research aimed to 1) evaluate litter production in tropical mangrove forest at Klong Khone, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand; 2) investigate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in litter; and, 3) observe sediment quality and existing mangrove condition in the study area. Litter and sediment were collected at Klong Khone, Samut Songkhram province in September-October 2015. Litter samples were analyzed for biomass production, and composition of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Sediment samples were analyzed for pH, salinity, water content, grain size composition, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Results showed that leaf, branch, and fruit litter production were 65.02, 47.94 and 19.03 g DW/m2/month, respectively. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in the litter were 20.36, 0.37 and 4.47 mg/g DW leaf litter, respectively. The value of pH, salinity and water content of sediment ranged from 6.66-7.50, 3.30-9.28 ppt and 52.24-69.65%, respectively. Sediment was composed of fine sand (0.125-1 mm) 7.68%, silt (0.06-0.125 mm) 6.13%, and clay (smaller than 0.06 mm) 86.19%. By using statistical analysis (t-test), results showed no difference of all parameters between months. However, during the research, it was found that organic carbon decreased 2.37 mg C/g DW sediment; meanwhile nitrogen and phosphorus increased 0.44 mg N and 0.12 mg P /g DW sediment, respectively. Finally, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation by litterfall were found to be 1877, 34 and 734 mg/m2/month, respectively. These results will help in clarifying nutrient dynamic pathway by mangrove trees which play an important role in coastal and estuarine ecosystem restoration."

"Penelitian tentang struktur komunitas makrozoobentos dalam ekosistem mangrove telah dilakukan di Cilamaya Wetan, Karawang, Jawa Barat pada Mei 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos seperti komposisi, kepadatan, keanekaragaman, kerataan, kerataan, dominansi, dan frekuensi kehadiran. . Tujuan lain adalah untuk menentukan hubungan antara kepadatan bakau dengan kepadatan dan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di daerah tersebut. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling dan menggunakan metode transek kuadrat di tiga stasiun, yaitu Desa Muara Baru, Desa Tangkolak Barat, dan Desa Tangkolak Timur. Studi ini menemukan 16 jenis makrozoobentos dan 7 jenis bakau dengan kepadatan yang sangat padat (0,23-0,32 ind / m2). Kepadatan makrozoobentos tertinggi di Desa Tangkolak Barat (8 ind / m2) dan terendah di Desa Muara Baru (2 ind / m2). Keragaman makrozoobentos tergolong tinggi di Desa Tangkolak Barat dengan indeks 1,58 dan Desa Tangkolak Timur dengan indeks 2,05, sedangkan keragaman tergolong rendah di Desa Muara Baru dengan indeks 0,28. Distribusi makrozoobentos diklasifikasikan hampir terdistribusi secara merata di Desa Tangkolak Barat dan Desa Tangkolak Timur dengan indeks kegagangan masing-masing 0,88 dan 0,85, sementara itu didistribusikan secara merata di Desa Muara Baru dengan indeks kegagahan 0,59. Data menunjukkan tidak ada spesies yang mendominasi di Desa Tangkolak Barat dan Desa Tangkolak Timur, kecuali di Desa Muara Baru. Episesarma palawanense adalah macrozoobenthos yang memiliki frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi di Desa Muara Baru dengan frekuensi 27,7%. Parameter lingkungan termasuk suhu, pH, dan salinitas dianggap sebagai kategori normal untuk makrozoobentos dan kehidupan bakau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan bakau berhubungan dengan kepadatan dan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos.

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Research on the structure of macrozoobenthos communities in mangrove ecosystems has been conducted in Cilamaya Wetan, Karawang, West Java in May 2019. This study aims to determine the structure of macrozoobenthos community such as composition, density, diversity, flatness, flatness, dominance, and frequency of attendance. . Another goal is to determine the relationship between mangrove density and the density and diversity of macrozoobenthos in the area. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling and using the quadratic transect method at three stations, namely Muara Baru Village, West Tangkolak Village, and East Tangkolak Village. This study found 16 types of macrozoobenthos and 7 types of mangrove with very dense density (0.23-0.32 ind / m2). The highest density of macrozoobenthos is in West Tangkolak Village (8 ind / m2) and the lowest in Muara Baru Village (2 ind / m2). The diversity of macrozoobenthos is relatively high in the village of West Tangkolak with an index of 1.58 and the village of East Tangkolak with an index of 2.05, while the diversity is relatively low in the village of Muara Baru with an index of 0.28. The distribution of macrozoobenthos is classified almost evenly in the Village of West Tangkolak and the Village of East Tangkolak with a trade index of 0.88 and 0.85 respectively, while it is distributed equally in the Muara Baru Village with a pride index of 0.59. Data shows that there are no species that dominate in the villages of West Tangkolak and East Tangkolak, except in Muara Baru Village. Palawanense Episesarma is macrozoobenthos which has the highest attendance frequency in Muara Baru Village with a frequency of 27.7%. Environmental parameters including temperature, pH, and salinity are considered normal categories for macrozoobenthos and mangrove life. The results showed that mangrove density was related to macrozoobenthos density and diversity."