Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This volume presents a reconsideration of the concepts of state and political power within the evolving multilateral network of cooperation and conflict. By means of an innovating research strategy, it explains state resilience within global governance while deepening the obsolescence of the traditional sovereign state concepts, including by emerging powers. Rather than considering the EU as an isolated case study, the book considers the EU as both a reference and a proactive player, which fosters a new research agenda both for comparative studies and political theory. Lastly, in view of the currently emergent, unprecedented and asymmetrical, ?multi-polar? world, it considers the need for a new research agenda on multilateralism."

"Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memahami pandangan akademis terkait kondisi dan perkembangan regionalisme keamanan di Asia Tengah pasca-Perang Dingin. Literatur-literatur yang ditinjau terorganisasi dalam lima periodisasi, yakni 1991-1997, 1997-2001, 2001-2004, 2004-2011, dan 2011-2016. Sejak berakhirnya Perang Dingin, negara-negara internal kawasan harus mengelola keamanan regional secara mandiri. Regionalisme keamanan dianggap sebagai solusi yang memungkinkan atas isu-isu keamanan di kawasan tersebut. Meski demikian, para cendekiawan menganggap perkembangan regionalisme keamanan di Asia Tengah terhambat bahkan hingga saat ini. Penyebabnya berasal dari negara-negara internal dan eksternal kawasan. Di satu sisi, negara-negara internal memprioritaskan hubungan bilateral dan pemenuhan kepentingan domestik daripada integrasi regional. Di sisi lain, kuatnya kepentingan dan pengaruh aktor-aktor eksternal mdash;mulai dari Rusia, Tiongkok, Amerika Serikat, hingga beberapa organisasi multilateral mdash;semakin menghalangi penguatan regionalisme keamanan. Potensi persaingan antarnegara eksternal juga menambah kerumitan karena negara-negara internal masih akan memihak pada Rusia demi menjaga status quo kawasan dan keamanan masing-masing. Akibatnya, regionalisme keamanan cenderung semakin tersisihkan dari agenda keamanan kawasan.

---

This paper aims to understand the academic views regarding the condition and development of security regionalism in the post Cold War Central Asia. The reviewed literature is organized into five periodizations, which are 1991 1997, 1997 2001, 2001 2004, 2004 2011, and 2011 2016. Since the end of the Cold War, the region rsquo s internal states have to manage their regional security independently. Security regionalism was seen as a possible solution for the security issues in the region. However, scholars have perceived that the development of security regionalism in Central Asia is hindered even until now. The causes were rooted from the internal and external states. On one hand, internal states have been prioritizing on bilateral relations and the fulfillment of domestic interests instead of regional integration. On the other hand, strong influence and interests of external actors mdash namely Russia, China, United States, and some multilateral organizations mdash further impede the reinforcement of security regionalism. The likelihood of rivalries between external states also heightens the complexity because internal states will still side with Russia in order to maintain the region rsquo s status quo and their own security. As a consequence, the security regionalism gets even more sidelined from the region rsquo s security agenda."

"Regionalisme merupakan konsep yang sering ditemukan dalam studi ilmu hubungan internasional. Konsep ini berkaitan erat dengan kerja sama sejumlah negara guna mencapai sebuah tingkat kedekatan sebagai suatu kawasan. Asia Timur merupakan salah satu kawasan yang tengah melangsungkan proses regionalisme semenjak tahun 1990-an. Tulisan ini merupakan tinjauan literatur yang bertujuan untuk memetakan literatur- literatur akademik mengenai regionalisme Asia Timur. Pemetaan mencakupi 31 literatur yang dikelompokkan ke dalam tiga tema dengan menggunakan metode taksonomi. Ketiga tema tersebut, antara lain: (1) karakteristik regionalisme Asia Timur; (2) upaya membangun regionalisme Asia Timur; dan (3) perkembangan regionalisme Asia Timur. Setelah melakukan pembacaan terhadap literatur yang dikumpulkan, tulisan ini mengidentifikasi konsensus, perdebatan, dan kesenjangan yang ada di dalam literatur akademik terkait topik regionalisme Asia Timur. Berdasarkan temuan di dalam tinjauan literatur ini, regionalisme Asia Timur tidak akan mengalami peningkatan ke depannya sebagaimana para akademisi memiliki skeptisisme terhadap perkembangan proses regionalisme. Pada bagian akhir dari tulisan ini, penulis memberikan rekomendasi terhadap penelitian selanjutnya terkait dengan topik regionalisme Asia Timur.

---

Regionalism is a concept that appears frequently in the study of international relations. This concept is strongly related to the cooperation of several nations in order to reach a degree of regional connectedness. East Asia is one of the regions that has been undergoing a regionalism process since the 1990s. The purpose of this paper is to map academic literature on East Asian regionalism. The mapping covers 31 literatures that are classified into three themes based on taxonomic method. The three themes are: (1) the characteristics of East Asian regionalism; (2) efforts to build East Asian regionalism; and (3) the development of East Asian regionalism. After reading the collected literatures, this paper identifies the consensus, debates, and gaps on the topic of East Asian regionalism. According to the findings of this literature review, East Asian regionalism will not flourish in the future as the scholars are skeptical of the development on the regionalism process. At the end of the paper, the author provide recommendations for further study on the topic of East Asian regionalism."

"This article discusses the national sovereignty and regionalism in the contextof the membership of a state into regional economic organisations. It concludesthat in nowadays-shrinking world the traditional concept of sovereignty is lessrelevant since states have suffered a loss in their sovereignty. It found thatmember states of regional economic organisations have to cede a degree ofsovereignty, such as in the EU. This phenomenon however is not the case forNAFTA and AFTA."

"The paper's objectives are to detail the new and dynamic aspects of knowledge based offshore outsourcing that is rapidly developing in Asia. While manufacturing continues to form the basis of East Asian economic dynamism, offshore outsourcing, with India as the leading participant , is knowledge based and engulfs any service or work that can be sent through the whire...."

"Summary: Economic activities are not concentrated on the head of a pin, nor are they spread evenly over a featureless plane. On the contrary, they are distributed very unequally across locations, regions, and countries. Even though economic activities are, to some extent, spatially concentrated because of natural features, economic mechanisms that rely on the trade-off between various forms of increasing returns and different types of mobility costs are more fundamental. This book is a study of the economic reasons for the existence of a large variety of agglomerations arising from the global to the local. This second edition combines a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals of spatial economics and an in-depth discussion of the most recent theoretical developments in new economic geography and urban economics. It aims to highlight several of the major economic trends observed in modern societies"