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"Existing international law is capable to govern the ?war on terror? also in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. The standards generally applicable to targeted killings are those of human rights law. Force may be used in order to address immediate threats, preventive killings are permitted under strict preconditions but targeted killings are prohibited. In the context of armed conflicts, these standards are complemented by international humanitarian law as lex specialis. Civilians may only be targeted while directly taking part in hostilities and posing a threat to the adversary. Also in Israel and the occupied territory, these standards apply. Contrary to the Israeli supreme court?s view, international humanitarian law is not complemented by human rights law, but human rights law is, to some degree, complemented by international humanitarian law. According to these standards, many killings which would be legal according to the Israeli Supreme Court violate international law."

"Aplikasi drone di dalam konflik bersenjata merupakan hasil dari perkembangan teknologi militer modern, sekaligus perwujudan dari keinginan untuk menghindari korban jiwa kombatan maupun penduduk sipil. Secara fungsinya, drone tampil sebagai platform pengintaian dan platform serang. Legalitas dari penggunaan drone di medan pertempuran tersebut dapat ditelaah menggunakan Teori Perang Adil dan prinsip-prinsip dalam hukum humaniter internasional, baik dari keputusan untuk menggunakan drone sebagai alat militer maupun dari unsur-unsur yang ada pada diri drone. Aspek hukum drone juga dibahas dari sudut pandang praktik negara Amerika Serikat sebagai pihak utama yang mengembangkan teknologi drone militer dan mengoperasikan drone di dalam konflik bersenjata modern. Salah satu aplikasi drone di medan pertempuran dilakukan dalam bentuk operasi targeted killing, dimana drone secara aktif dioperasikan untuk memburu dan membunuh individu tertentu di medan pertempuran. Setidaknya sejak tahun 2002 Amerika Serikat, baik melalui angkatan bersenjata maupun lembaga intelijen CIA, telah mempraktikkan targeted killing dalam operasi kontraterorisme dalam kerangka "Perang Melawan Teror" di berbagai wilayah negara asing di Timur Tengah terhadap sejumlah aktor bukan negara seperti al-Qaeda, Taliban, dan ISIS. Israel juga diketahui telah mempraktikkan targeted killing dalam konteks kontraterorisme di wilayah Palestina terhadap teroris Hamas, utamanya di wilayah Jalur Gaza. Kedua negara menghadapi sejumlah persoalan hukum dalam menangani penggunaan drone dalam operasi targeted killing, baik hukum internasional maupun hukum domestik masing-masing.

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The application of drones in armed conflict are the result of the advancement of modern military technology, as well as manifestation of the need to avoid casualties of both combatants as well as civilians on the battlefield. Function-wise, drones are used as intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance platform and as a more offensive-oriented, weapon platform. The lawfulness of drones on the battlefield can be studied through Just War Theory and the principles of international humanitarian law. State practice also play a role in deciding their lawfulness, for American practice in developing military drone technology and applying them in the battlefield. One of their application involved targeted killing, in which particular individuals were to be hunted down and killed. At least since 2002, American armed forces as well as the Central Intelligence Agency engaged in targeted killing operation against non-state actors in various states in the Middle East, i.e. al-Qaeda, Taliban, and ISIS. Meanwhile, Israeli forces are also known to use targeted killing as counterterrorism method against Hamas and other Palestinian terrorists in Palestinian territory. Both states faced legal issues regarding the decision to employ drone in targeted killing operation, both in international law as well as their respective domestic law."

"Presently, many of the greatest debates and controversies in international criminal law concern modes of liability for international crimes. The state of the law is unclear, to the detriment of accountability for major crimes and of the uniformity of international criminal law. The present book aims at clarifying the state of the law and provides a thorough analysis of the jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals, as well as of the debates and the questions these debates have left open. Renowned international criminal law scholars analyze, in discrete chapters, the modes of liability one by one; for each mode they identify the main trends in the jurisprudence and the main points of controversy. An introduction addresses the cross-cutting issues, and a conclusion anticipates possible evolutions that we may see in the future. The research on which this book is based was undertaken with the Geneva Academy."

"Summary:Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars."

""By offering both a comprehensive update and new material reflecting the continuing development of the subject, this continues to be the leading textbook on international criminal law. Its experienced author team draws on its combined expertise as teachers, scholars and practitioners to offer an authoritative survey of the field. The third edition contains new material on the theory of international criminal law, the practice of international criminal tribunals, the developing case law on principles of liability and procedures and new practice on immunities. It offers valuable supporting online materials such as case studies, worked examples and study guides. Retaining its comprehensive coverage, clarity and critical analysis, it remains essential reading for all in the field"--"The international criminal courts and tribunals which deal with perpetrators of atrocities are an established part of the effort to bring an end to impunity for international crimes. This leading textbook gives an authoritative account of international criminal law, and focuses on what the student needs to know - the crimes that are dealt with by international courts and tribunals as well as the procedures that govern the investigation and prosecution of those crimes. The reader is guided through controversies with an accessible, yet sophisticated, approach. The four authors have rich experience as lawyers in this field, as teachers of the subject, and as negotiators at the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The book covers new developments in the case law and the practice and is essential reading for students and teachers of international criminal law and international relations. It is supplemented by a package of online resources (www.cambridge.org/​law/​cryer), which offers convenient access to primary sources, excerpts for supplementary reading, problems and questions for reflection and discussion, and materials for exercises and simulations. Robert Cryer is Professor of International and Criminal Law at the University of Birmingham. Hn Friman is is an Associate Judge of Appeals in Sweden and Deputy Director of the Division of Criminal Law at the Swedish Ministry of Justice. He is Visiting Professor at University College London. Darryl Robinson is a professor at Queen's University, Faculty of Law, Kingston, Canada. Elizabeth Wilmshurst is a senior fellow in international law at Chatham House and Visiting Professor at University College London"--"