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"This book explores how ecotones between forest and grassland have changed in the past, how they are changing today and how they are likely to change in the future. Offers global insight, with a special focus on South American and Neotropical ecotones. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan eksistensi fungsi pelindung Habitat Relasional dalam pengembangan dan pengelolaan jaringan Warung Tegal Kharisma Bahari (WKB) di Jabodetabek. Fungsi pelindung Habitat Relasional meliputi hubungan fungsionalitas aktor dengan rasa saling percaya menciptakan hubungan pertukaran berulang dalam suatu institusi atau organisasi. Studi terdahulu menjelaskan bahwa institusi, jaringan sosial, dan kerangka kognitif, hubungan saling percaya, dan komitmen merupakan komponen-komponen penting yang dapat mempengaruhi dinamika pasar rentan terhadap ketidakpastian. Peneliti setuju mengenai hasil pembahasan studi-studi terdahulu ini. Namun ketiga kelompok studi ini lebih banyak berfokus pada analisis hubungan relasional antar perusahaan dan kurang memberikan penjelasan lebih mendalam mengenai proses terbentuknya fungsi pelindung melalui contoh yang konkret. Melalui keterbatasan studi-studi terdahulu ini, peneliti berargumen bahwa ketidakpastian juga dapat terjadi dalam suatu institusi atau organisasi sehingga membutuhkan analisis kajian mengenai fungsi pelindung yang mereka gunakan dalam menghadapi ketidakpastian dinamika pasar. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis eksistensi fungsi pelindung WKB Grup dalam menghadapi dinamika pasar rentan terhadap ketidakpastian dengan menekankan pada proses terbentuknya dan dampak yang dihasilkan dari keberadaan fungsi pelindung ini. Peneliti menemukan bahwa hubungan fungsional aktor dari mayoritas budaya yang sama dan rasa saling percaya menjadi fungsi pelindung WKB Grup dalam mengembangan dan mengelolaan jaringan WKB di Jabodetabek.

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This study aims to explain the existence of the Relational Habitat protective function in the development and management of the Warung Tegal Kharisma Bahari (WKB) network in Jabodetabek. Relationship protection function Habitat Relational includes the functionality that actors with mutual trust can create recurring exchange relationships within an institution or organization. Previous studies explained that institutions, social networks, and cognitive frameworks, relationships of mutual trust, and commitment are important components that can influence market dynamics that are vulnerable to vulnerabilities. Researchers agree about the results of the discussion of these previous studies. However, these three study groups focused more on the analysis of relational relations between companies and did not provide a more in-depth explanation of the process of forming a protective function through concrete examples. Through the limitations of these previous studies, the researcher argues that freedom can also occur in an institution or organization so that it requires an analysis of the study of the protective function they use in dealing with dynamic market dynamics. This research focuses on the analysis of the protective function of the WKB Group in dealing with market dynamics that are prone to pressure with pressure on the formation process and the impact resulting from the existence of this protective function. Researchers found that the functional relationship of actors from the majority of the same culture and mutual trust became the protective function of the WKB Group in developing and managing the WKB network in Jabodetabek."

"This book gives an up-to-date overview of changes in ecology, climate and use of the entire Eurasian steppe area and their effects on livelihoods of steppe people. It integrates knowledge that so far was available only in a spectrum of locally used languages."

"Population of Flindersia pimenteliana (Maple Silkwood) in Indonesian Papua and Papua New Guinea is severely fragmented and experiencing a continuing decline due to habitat destruction and illegal logging. This species is very susceptible to environmental changes and at greater risk of extinction due to its small and fragmented geographic ranges and low abundance. Using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method, the present study predicted the impact of climate change on the distribution of the species across its native distribution area. Elevation and 19 bioclimatic variables commonly used in species distribution modeling were used as predictors. Â The prediction model of the current potential distribution identified a total area of 156,214 km2 in Indonesian Papua and Papua New Guinea (18% of total land area) as suitable habitat for F. pimenteliana. Elevation and precipitation of the wettest, coldest and warmest quarters contributed most to the model. Based on the average of HadGEM2-ES and MIROC-ESM models, potential distribution projections under RCP8.5 scenario suggested a habitat gain of 16% for 2050 and 8% for 2070 in the species distribution. Whereas under RCP4.5, an average habitat gain of 7% was predicted for both 2050 and 2070. The newly suitable habitats were predicted to be found mainly in Southern and Western Highland of Papua New Guinea. Protection of these areas from habitat destruction and land use change is needed to assist F. pimenteliana find the most suitable climate for its survival."

"ABSTRAKEkosistem hutan menyediakan berbagai manfaat bagi kehidupan yaitu nilai guna langsung dan nilai guna tidak langsung, dimana kemungkinan nilai tidak langsungnya lebih tinggi daripada nilai guna langsungnya. Dikarenakan tidak adanya harga pasar, maka perlu dilakukan perhitungan manfaat hutan secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi manfaat taman hutan wisata alam Grojogan Sewu secara menyeluruh, mengetahui tingkat membayar pengunjung dan faktor ? faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Nilai manfaat yang dihitung dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai manfaat wisata, nilai potensi kayu, nilai serapan karbon, nilai kesejukan dan nilai serapan air. Metode kontingensi dengan regresi logistik digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengitung nilai guna wisata. Sedangkan untuk nilai kayu dan serapan karbon menggunakan pendekatan harga pasar yang berlaku dan nilai kesejukan dan nilai serapan air menggunakan pendekatan biaya pengganti. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini salah satunya adalah tingkat kemauan membayar pengunjung terhadap objek wisata TWA Grojogan Sewu. Nilai kemauan membayar pengunjung di objek wisata ini yang diperoleh masih lebih rendah daripada harga tiket masuk ketika penelitian dilakukan, yaitu dengan nilai terendah sebesar Rp10,622.56 yang diperoleh dari pengunjung dengan jenjang pendidikan tinggi dan memiliki jarak tempat tinggal ke lokasi wisata lebih dari 500 km, sedangkan nilai tertinggi adalah Rp12,406.39 yang diperoleh dari pengunjung dengan jenjang pendidikan menengah dan jarak tempat tinggal ke objek wisata kurang dari 500 km. Faktor ? faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai kemauan membayar tersebut adalah tingkat tawaran harga, umur, jenjang pendidikan tinggi, jumlah kunjungan, waktu berkunjung, persepsi responden terhadap ekosistem hutan di lokasi rekreasi sebagai daya tarik wisata dan persepsi terhadap TWA Grojogan Sewu sebagai asset nasional dan keamanan dalam melakukan kegiatan wisata di TWA Grojogan sewu. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa nilai ekonomi penggunaan langsung lebih rendah daripada nilai penggunaan tidak langsung.dengan nilai total sejumlah Rp68.805.414.238,30.

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ABSTRACTForest ecosystem provides many benefits for human being, those are use values and non-use values, which its non-use values may considerably exceed its use values. Due to lack of market price on forest ecosystem service, therefore needs a comprehensive method of forest ecosystem service valuation. Aims of this study are estimating the benefits value of Grojogan Sewu tourism forest, eliciting willingness to pay of tourist and drawing factors which influence to willingness to pay (wtp) level. The economic values which are estimated in this study are recreation value, commercial timber value, carbon storage value, micro-climate value and watershed service. Contingent valuation method along with logistic regression is used to evaluate the recreational value. However, commercial timber value and carbon storage value are based on market price approach; otherwise micro-climate and watershed value are based on substitution. Result of willingness to pay of tourist in this study is lower than the current price of entrance fee when this research was established which the lowest wtp is around Rp10,622.56 that generated from respondents who have a high education and home distance to attraction site more than 500 km; on the other hand the highest wtp is about Rp12,406.39 which generated from tourists with a medium education level and home distance less than 500 km. In this case, wtp is influenced by bid vehicle, age, a high education level, numbers of visit, the time-length of visit, perception on natural surroundings of forest ecosystem as recreational attraction, perception on statement that Grojogan Sewu as a national asset and safety feeling surrounding recreational site. Based on the study, it is defined that the use value is lower than the non-use value which the amount of total values around Rp Rp68.805.414.238,30."

"Papua has been experiencing heavy logging activity in its forests for decades . However, only several studies focused on the effect of logging in the forest ecosystem. This research was aimed to analyze recovery processes of the forest ecosystem. The research was conducted in the logged tropical rainforest in South Papua using ecological approach which used tree communities as biotic and soil condition as abiotic indicators. Data were collected in the logging area of PT Tunas Timber Lestari located in the tropical rainforest of South Papua. There were five groups of forests used in this research i.e. unlogged, one year post selectively-logged, five years post selectively-logged, ten years post selectively-logged and fifteen years post selectively-logged forests. Thirty nested plots were laid on each forest group. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to analyze the understory and upperstory plant communities. Understory and upperstory plant communities formed different patterns due to logging. Plant communities in the ten and fifteen years post-selectively logged forests were not similar to those in the unlogged forest. Soil organic matter (SOM) content in the selectively logged forests was lower than that in the unlogged forest. These occurrences indicated that the selectively logged forests were still recovering and required more than fifteen years to be fully recovered."

"ABSTRACTThis study estimates the relationship between Forest and Land Rehabilitation policies and the quality and health of watersheds measured by the Coefficient of Flow Regime. The method used is the estimation of the Granger causality relationship. The results of this study indicate that in the short term or less than three years of forest and land rehabilitation does not have a significant relationship with the good value of the coefficient of flow regime. It is hoped that with these findings, the government can review the methodology, institutional system, location, quality of materials and tools for forest and land rehabilitation by taking into account the natural and geographical conditions around the watershed. furthermore, the government can implement other measures to support forest and land rehabilitation in accordance with existing regulations."

"Peningkatan emisi gas karbon dioksida mendorong terjadinya pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim. Tanah memiliki kemampuan menyimpan emisi gas karbon dioksida yang diserap oleh vegetasi. Kajian mengenai dinamika fluks emisi gas karbon dioksida tanah dengan perbedaan persentase tutupan kanopi vegetasi di ekosistem Hutan Kota Srengseng belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan dinamika fluks emisi gas karbon dioksida tanah di ekosistem Hutan Kota Srengseng dengan perbedaan persentase tutupan kanopi vegetasi serta menganalisis hubungan antara suhu udara, kelembapan tanah, suhu tanah, dan derajat keasaman (pH) tanah dengan fluktuasi emisi gas karbon dioksdia tanah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penangkapan gas rumah kaca menggunakan chamber, pengukuran faktor lingkungan, dan analisis data menggunakan uji ANOVA dan korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian serta kesimpulan peneleitian menyatakan bahwa nilai fluks emisi gas karbon dioksida tanah tidak berbeda signifikan di berbagai tutupan kanopi vegetasi Hutan Kota Srengseng. Lebih lanjut, faktor lingkungan yang memiliki hubungan terhadap fluks emisi gas karbon dioksida di Hutan Kota Srengseng, yakni suhu tanah, kelembapan tanah, dan derajat keasaman (pH) tanah, kecuali suhu udara.

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Increasing carbon dioxide gas emissions encourages global warming and climate change. Soil can store carbon dioxide gas emissions, which are absorbed by vegetation. Studies on the dynamics of soil carbon dioxide gas emission fluxes with differences in the percentage of vegetation canopy cover in Srengseng Urban Forest ecosystem have never been carried out. This research aims to analyze and compare the dynamics of soil carbon dioxide gas emission fluxes in Srengseng Urban Forest ecosystem with different percentages of vegetation canopy cover and analyze the relationship between air temperature, soil moisture, soil temperature and soil acidity (pH) with carbon gas emission fluxes soil dioxide. The research method used is the greenhouse gas capture method, which uses a chamber to measure environmental factors and data analysis using the ANOVA test and Spearman correlation. The research results and research conclusions state that no significant difference between the percentage of vegetation canopy cover of the Srengseng Urban Forest and the flux of carbon dioxide gas emissions. Environmental factors related to the flux of carbon dioxide gas emissions in Srengseng Urban Forest are soil temperature, humidity, and acidity (pH), except air temperature.

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