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"This work presents both qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the main carbon flows in the Baltic Sea as well as their possible shifts induced by climatic and global change."

"ABSTRAKAmathematicalmodelofthemechanismoftheappearanceofantisymmetricvortices during the propagation of freshwater into the seawater which is observed, in particular, at the exit from the Baltic Canal connecting the Vistula Lagoon and the Baltic Sea is constructed in the work. In particular it is shown that the main reason for the vortex formation in this case is the Coriolis force. The exact dependence of the circulation of velocity on time for the three simplest types of the tongue of the intrusion of freshwater is calculated analytically in the work as well. "

"The chapters in this book are based on lectures given at a summer school on the Baltic Sea island of Bornholm in the summer of 2009. They cover a range of topics, spanning from detailed descriptions of political agreements that protect the marine environment, to basic modelling instructions, to an assessment of the possible impacts of climate change on the marine ecosystem, to a reflection on the role of climate scientists and their responsibility in society. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan urgensi dampak kegiatan blue economy di Laut Baltik, khususnya dampak terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat di negara-negara Skandinavia. Pemanfaatan sumber daya yang ada di Laut Baltik secara berlebihan dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Fokus penelitian mengkaji pembangunan berkelanjutan mengenai blue economy di negara Skandinavia. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai dampak ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tantangan utama yang dihadapi industri maritim di negara-negara Skandinavia, termasuk kebutuhan akan perencanaan dan pengelolaan sumber daya bersama, pelestarian alam, serta perlindungan lingkungan laut. Untuk memahami fenomena sosial yang kompleks peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis data non-numerik. Dalam mengeksplorasi penerapan blue economy di negara-negara Skandinavia berdarasakan EU blue economy akan menggunakan Teori Regional Security Complex Theory dan konsep Common Pool Resource. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menjelaskan interaksi multi level antara negara-negara Skandinavia untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Temuan penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa blue economy di negara-negara Skandinavia yang berbatasan dengan Laut Baltik dapat membawa manfaat yang signifikan baik bagi industri maritim maupun masyarakat luas.

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This research aims to explain the urgency of the impact of blue economy activities in the Baltic Sea, especially the impact on the environment and society in Scandinavian countries. Excessive use of the resources in the Baltic Sea can have a negative impact on the environment. The research focus examines sustainable development regarding the blue economy in Scandinavian countries. This research provides an overview of the economic, social and environmental impacts. This research identifies the main challenges facing the maritime industry in Scandinavian countries, including the need for planning and management of shared resources, nature conservation and protection of the marine environment. To understand complex social phenomena researchers use qualitative research methods which involve the collection and analysis of non-numerical data. In exploring the application of the blue economy in Scandinavian countries based on the EU blue economy, we will use the Regional Security Complex Theory and the Common Pool Resource concept. The theories and concepts used aim to explain multi-level interactions between Scandinavian countries to achieve common goals. The findings of this research argue that the blue economy in Scandinavian countries bordering the Baltic Sea can bring significant benefits to both the maritime industry and society at large."

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Penelitian ini adalah analisis terhadap pelabuhan-pelabuhan di Laut Baltik yang diindikasi memiliki potensi bagi interaksi global. Terdapat 12 pelabuhan di 5 negara yaitu Polandia dengan pelabuhan Gdanks, Gdynia dan Szczecin dan Swinoujscie, Rusia dengan pelabuhan Primorsk, Saint-Petersburg, Ust-Luga dan Kaliningrad, Estonia dengan pelabuhan Tallin dan Muuga, Latvia dengan pelabuhan Riga dan Ventspils dan yang terakhir Lithuania dengan pelabuhan Klaipeda. Ketika tiga negara Baltik dan Polandia masih bergabung di Uni Soviet, perkembangan pelabuhan diatur oleh Soviet. Pasca runtuhnya Uni Soviet, keempat negara tersebut mulai membangun identitas mereka sebagai negara yang berdaulat yang mampu mengatur negaranya termasuk pelabuhannya. Dalam perjalanannya, pelabuhan-pelabuhan di Baltik mulai memperlihatkan peran pentingnya bagi interaksi global. Metode yang digunakan metode analisis kualitatif dengan menggabungkan dua teori yaitu teori Regional Security Complex oleh Barry Buzan dan teori Identitas oleh Stuart Hall. Hasil penelitian ini akan menunjukan faktor-faktor peningkatan potensi kota-kota pelabuhan Baltik dalam interaksi global serta proses power shifting di dalamnya dan menunjukan faktor identitas dan historis masyarakat Baltik membantu mendorong potensi kota pelabuhan. Temuan dari penelitian ini ialah adanya pengaruh dari faktor identitas dan historis yang mendukung peningkatan potensi kota pelabuhan di laut Baltik.

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ABSTRACT

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This research is an analysis of port cities in the Baltic Sea that has potencies for global interaction. There are 12 ports in 5 countries, Poland with its ports of Gdanks, Gdynia and Szczecin and Swinoujscie, Russia with its ports of Primorsk, Saint-Petersburg, Ust-Luga and Kaliningrad, Estonia with its ports of Tallin and Muuga, Latvia with its ports of Riga and Ventspils and Lithuania its its port of Klaipeda. When the three Baltic states and Polandia still joined the Soviet Union, the development of the port was regulated by the Soviets. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the four countries began to establish their identity as a sovereign state who capable of managing their country including its ports. In its journey, the ports in the Baltic began to show an important role for global interaction. This analysis uses a qualitative method by applying two theories, the Regional Security Complex theory by Barry Buzan and Identity theory by Stuart Hall. The results of this study indicates the potential factors of Baltic port cities in global interaction, the process of power shifting and showing the identity and historical factors of the Baltic people who supports potencies of the port cities. This research found that there are significances within identity and historical factors that support the increasing potential of port cities in the Baltic Sea.

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"ABSTRAKPerekonomian Negara-negara Baltic Sea Region BSR bergantung pada aktivitas transportasi maritim yang rawan akan terjadinya kecelakaan dan polusi di laut sehingga membawa dampak negatif bagi ekosistem Laut Baltik. Untuk mengurangi risiko tersebut the HELCOM Helsinki Commission menetapkan strategi the BSAP Baltic Sea Action Plan dan Uni Eropa menetapkan the EUSBSR European Union Strategy for Baltic Sea Region Action Plan. Tesis ini membahas strategi yang ditempuh the HELCOM dan Uni Eropa dalam meningkatkan manajemen dan kontrol lalulintas di Laut Baltik tahun 2007 sampai 2018. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dicapai dengan menerapkan prosedur keselamatan navigasi dan kapasitas tanggap darurat yang efektif, antara lain mengembangkan re-survei rute pelayaran, e-navigation dan teknologi baru, navigasi musim dingin, awak kapal yang terlatih dan penanggulangan situasi darurat. Pengolahan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksploratori dan induktif. Analisis penelitian diuraikan dengan menggunakan tiga teori meliputi teori identitas menjelaskan keterkaitan kerusakan lingkungan dengan identitas regional BSR yang memiliki kesamaan letak geografis, pemanfaatan sumber daya alam dan tantangan lingkungan. Ketidakseimbangan ekologis di Laut Baltik diasosiasikan dengan beberapa aspek meliputi karakter geografis, pemukiman, tumpahan minyak, perikanan tangkap serta kandungan nutrien dan senyawa toksin di perairan Baltik; teori institusional menjelaskan elemen-elemen institusional the HELCOM dan the EUSBSR terdiri dari formalisasi, tujuan, keanggotaan, struktur organisasi, legislasi, kebijakan, prosedur, finansial dan kerjasama; dan teori keamanan lingkungan menjelaskan unsur-unsur keamanan lingkungan dari strategi the HELCOM BSAP segmen aktivitas maritim dan the EUSBSR Action Plan PA Safe termasuk implementasi dan pencapaiannya. Pencapaian the HELCOM BSAP didasarkan pada dua indikator yaitu pengendalian jumlah kecelakaan kapal dan jumlah tumpahan minyak yang masih perlu peningkatan kultur keselamatan. Sedangkan pencapaian the EUSBSR Action Plan berupa sejumlah Flagship Projects yang telah selesai dilaksanakan antara lain ESABALT, MONA LISA, BMSP, MIMIC, EfficienSea dan MARSUNO.

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ABSTRACTThe economy of Baltic Sea Region BSR considerably depends on maritime transportation activities troubled by marine accidents and marine pollution which bring negative impact to the Baltic Sea Ecosystem. The HELCOM Helsinki Commission sets the BSAP Baltic Sea Action Plan and the European Union sets the EUSBSR European Union Strategy for Baltic Sea Region Action Plan to reduce the risks. The thesis discusses strategies that undertaken by the HELCOM and the European Union to enhance traffic management and traffic control of Baltic Sea during 2007 to 2018. By applying efficiently safety navigation and preparedness and response capacity procedures could gain improved those measures, among others, developing resurveying of shipping routes, e navigation and new technology, winter navigation, well trained crew onboard vessels and preparedness for emergency situations. Data processing of this research uses exploratory and inductive methods. The research analysis described by three theories, identity theory explaining the linkage between environmental damage and BSR regional identity which have similar geographical, the usage of natural resources and environmental challenge. Ecological imbalances in the Baltic Sea associated with several aspects including natural geographic caracter, settlement, oil spill, fishing and nutrient content and toxin compound in the Baltic Water the institutional theory explains the institutional elements of the HELCOM and the EUSBSR consisting of formalization, objectives, membership, organizational structure, legislation, policies, procedures, financial and cooperation and environmental security theory explains its components of the HELCOM BSAP strategy on the maritime activity segment and the EUSBSR Action Plan PA Safe including both implementation and achievement. The achievement of the HELCOM BSAP consists of two indicators, controlling the number of ship accidents and the number of oil spills which need safety culture improvement. While the achievement of the EUSBSR Action Plan based on a number of completed Flagships Projects namely ESABALT, MONA LISA, BMSP, MIMIC, EfficienSea and MARSUNO."

"Buku ini merupakan terjemahan novel karya Nikolai Chukovsky yang berjudul Балтийское Небо = Baltijskoe nebo. Buku ini diterjamahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris oleh R. Daglish."