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"Stress oksidatif merupakan dasar dari berbagai penyakit degeneratif dan kanker, termasuk asbestosis dan mesotelioma. Kedua penyakit tersebut terjadi akibat terinhalasinya serat asbes dalam jangka waktu lama dan jumlah pajanan yang tinggi. Penelitian potong lintang di Sekretariat Buruh Karawang bulan Oktober 2014 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi asupan dan kadar vitamin C, E dengan kadar isoprostan. Lima puluh dua subjek yang bekerja di pabrik asbes selesai mengikuti seluruh protokol penelitian. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa asupan vitamin C dan kadar vitamin E berkorelasi negatif dengan kadar isoprostan, sedangkan asupan vitamin E dan kadar vitamin C berkorelasi positif dengan kadar isoprostan pekerja pabrik asbes. Korelasi tersebut secara statistik tidak bermakna. Penelitian lanjut diperlukan untuk menilai kadar isoprostan secara series, sehingga bila ada peningkatan yang signifikan dapat segera dikethui.

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Oxidative stress is the base of various degenerative diseases and cancers, including asbestosis and mesothelioma. Both of them occur due to prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers and high level of exposure. A cross-sectional study at a labor secretariat in October 2014 was performed to assess the correlations between intakes and levels of vitamin C and vitamin E and isoprostane level. Fifty two subjects working at an asbestos factory finished the study. The result showed that vitamin C intake and vitamin E level were negatively correlated with isoprostane level. Meanwhile, vitamin E intake and vitamin C level were positively correlated with isoprostane level in asbestos factory workers. These correlations were statistically insignificant. Asbestos factory workers should be educated to increase their intakes of vitamin C and vitamin E."

"Serat asbes yang terinhalasi masuk ke dalam alveolus menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan produksi reactive oxigen spesies (ROS) yang dapat memicu terjadinya reaksi inflamasi. Interleukin 6 merupakan penanda reaksi inflamasi akibat pajanan serat asbes. Vitamin C dan E merupakan antioksidan yang bekerja sebagai scavenger ROS. Vitamin C juga dapat menghambat aktivitas faktor transkripsi NFқB. Vitamin E selain dapat menghambat aktivitas faktor transkripsi JAK/STAT3 dan NFқB, juga dapat menghambat aktivitas COX2 dan LOX5. Penelitian potong lintang di sekretariat serikat buruh pabrik asbes X Kabupaten Karawang bulan Oktober 2014 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi asupan vitamin C, E dengan kadar interleukin 6 pada pekerja pabrik asbes. Lima puluh dua pekerja pabrik asbes berhasil menyelesaikan protokol penelitian. Hasilnya menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna (p >0,05) antara asupan vitamin C dengan kadar IL-6 dan antara asupan vitamin E dengan kadar IL-6. Terdapat korelasi positif antara kadar vitamin C dengan kadar IL-6 (r = 0,31) dengan p <0,05, namun tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar vitamin E dengan kadar IL-6.

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Asbestos fibers that are inhaled into the alveoli cause increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may trigger inflammation reaction. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a marker of inflammation reaction caused by asbestos fibers exposure. Vitamin C and vitamin E are antioxidants acting as ROS scavengers. Vitamin C can also inhibit the activity of transcription factor NFқB. Vitamin E can inhibit the activities of transcription factors JAK/STAT3 and NFқB as well as the activities of COX2 and LOX5.

A cross-sectional sudy at a labor union secretariat in Karawang Regency in October 2014 was conducted to evaluate the correlations between intakes and levels of vitamin C and vitamin E and level of IL-6 in asbestos factory workers. Fifty two asbestos factory workers finished the study. The result showed no significant correlation between vitamin C intake and IL-6 level or between vitamin E intake and IL-6 level. There was a moderate positive correlation between vitamin C level and IL-6 level (r = 0.31, p <0.05), but there was no correlation between vitamin E level and IL-6 level."

"Tujuan: Mengetahui kadar vitamin E plasma, malondialdehida plasma dan kebiasaan merokok pekerja laki-laki. Hasilnya diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu dasar memperbaiki pola hidup untuk menurunkan risiko aterosklerosis pada perokok dan bukan perokok. Tempat: PT. Nasional Gobel - Bogor Jawa Barat. Metodologi: Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional pada 115 pekerja laki-laki, yang merokok dan tidak merokok, berusia 20-55 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan, dan terpilih secara simple random sampling, menggunakan tabel bilangan acak. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi : umur, pendidikan, penghasilan, IMT, persentase lemak tubuh, asupan lemak, asupan serat, asupan vitamin E, kadar vitamin E plasma dan MDA plasma. Hasil: Median kadar vitamin E plasma subyek yang tidak merokok [24,76 (I8,89-50,61) μmol/L] lebih tinggi dari subyek yang merokok [23,80 (12,25-38,14) μunol/L]. Median kadar MDA plasma subyek yang tidak merokok [0,61 (0,22-4,75) nmol/mL] lebih rendah dari subyek yang merokok [0,68 (0,32-3,01) nmol/mL]. Tidak didapat hubungan yang bermakna (p > 0,05) antara asupan vitamin E, kadar vitamin E plasma, kadar MDA plasma dengan kebiasaan merokok. Terdapat korelasi positif yang bermakna (p < 0,05) antara IMT (r = 0,28), persentase massa lemak tubuh (r = 0,25) dengan kadar vitamin E plasma. Didapatkan korelasi negatif yang sangat lemah (r = -0,11) antara kadar vitamin E dengan MDA plasma pada subyek penelitian yang tidak merokok dan pada subyek yang merokok hampir tidak didapat korelasi (r = -0,07) dan tidak bermakna secara statistik. Kesimpulan: Didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar vitamin E plasma dengan kadar MDA plasma pada pekerja laki-laki yang tidak merokok dan yang merokok.

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Objective: To study plasma vitamin E concentration, MDA concentration and smoking habit male workers. The results are expected to be used as one of the basis to enhance life pattern, and to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis.

Place: PT. National Gabel Bogor, West Java.

Method: A cross sectional study was carried out among 115 male smoking workers and non smoking workers, age 20-55 years old, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria selected by simple random sampling using random table. Data collection consist of age, education, income, body mass index, fat mass percentage, fat intake, vitamin E intake, plasma vitamin E and MDA concentrations.

Results: Median of plasma vitamin E concentration among non smokers was higher [24,76(18,89-50,61) μmol/L] than smokers [23,80(12,25-38,14) μmol/L]. While median of plasma MDA concentration among non smokers [0,61(0,22-4,75) μmol/L] was lower than smokers [0,68(0,32-3,01) μmol/mL]. There were no significant relationship (p>0,05) between vitamin E intake, plasma vitamin E concentration, plasma MDA concentration and smoking. There were significant (p<0,05) positive correlation between body mass index (r=0,28), fat mass percentage (r=0,25) and plasma vitamin E concentration. Weak negative correlation was found between plasma vitamin E and MDA concentration.

Conclusions: There was weak negative correlation but not significant between plasma vitamin E and MDA concentration in smoking workers."

"Air susu ibu adalah sumber nutrisi paling baik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi, yang mengandung banyak komponen penting salah satunya antioksidan enzimatik yaitu Superoksida Dismutase (SOD). Sebagai antioksidan lini pertama, SOD berfungsi mengkatalisis superoksida menjadi hidrogen peroksida dan selanjutnya hidrogen peroksida diubah menjadi air dan alkohol oleh katalase (CAT) dan Glutation Peroksidase (GPx). Vitamin E sebagai antioksidan eksogen dari luar tubuh akan membantu kerja SOD untuk mencegah keadaan stres oksidatif.  Fungsi vitamin E adalah mencegah terjadinya kerusakan lemak pada membran sel. Vitamin E akan bekerja secara sinergis dengan vitamin C yang akan mengubah kembali vitamin E menjadi bentuk non radikal. Asupan vitamin E dan vitamin C di Indonesia masih belum jelas terutama pada ibu laktasi sehingga perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitianini merupakan penelitianpotong lintang yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan dan Puskesmas Cilincing pada 60 orang ibu laktasi berusia 20-40 tahun yang menyusui bayi berumur 1-6 bulan. Penelitian ini berlangsung sejak bulan Maret hingga April 2019 yang bertujuanuntuk melihat korelasi antara asupan vitamin E dan vitamin C dengan aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI. Aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI dinilai menggunakanRansod kit 125 dengan metode spektrofotometri. Median aktivitas total SOD eritrosit sebesar 423,73 (242-858) U/ml, sedangkan median aktivitas total SOD ASI 58,34 U/ml(24,86-287,79) U/ml. Asupan vitamin E yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah 91,7% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin E yang rendahsedangkan 70% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin C yang cukup. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara asupan vitamin E dan C dengan aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI (p>0,05).

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Human milk is the best nutrition for infant's growth and development. Human milk contains many components, one of them is superoxide dismutase (SOD). As a first line antioxidant, SOD plays a role to convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and furthermore will continue with catalase (CAT) and gluthathione peroxide (GPx) to change hydrogen peroxide into water and alcohol molecule. Vitamin E as an exogenous antioxidant will help SOD to prevent oxidative stress. Vitamin E inhibits lipid peroxidation in membrane cell. Vitamin C helps vitamin E back into non radical molecule. Vitamin E and vitamin C intake in Indonesia still unclear especially among lactating mothers. This cross sectional study conducted in Grogol Petamburan and Cilincing Health Centre in 60 lactating mothers aged 20-40 yo whose feeding 1-6 months infants. Study was held from march until April 2019 to assess correlation between vitamin E and C intake of lactating mothers with erythrocyte and brestmilk SOD total activity. Total SOD activity in erythrocyte and human milk were analyzed with Ransod kit 125with spectrophotometry method. Median SOD total activity in erythrocyte was 423,73 (242-858)U/ml, meanwhile SOD total activity in breastmilk has median value 58,34 U/ml (24,86-287,79) U/ml. Subjects with low vitamin C intake were 91,7% and 70% subjects had adequate vitamin C intake. There were no significant correlation between vitamin E and vitamin C intake in lactating mothers with erythrocyte and breastmilk SOD total activity (p>0,05)."

"Mengelahui efek pemberian suplementasi vitamin C dan E terhadap kadarmalondialdehida plasma pada perokok kretek filter selama empat minggu di Jakarta.Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis paralel, acalg tersamar tunggal antara kelompokyang inendapat suplementasi vitamin C dan E (P) dengan kelompok yang mendapatplasebo (K). Sebanyak 40 orang perokok kretek filterr di rumah makan, Jakarta Utaramemenuhi ln-iteria dan diikutkan dalam penelitian Dilakukan randomisasi blolc untukmenentukan kclompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkansuplementasi vitamin C 500 mg dan E 400 IU/hari selama empat minggu, dankclompok kontrol mendapat plasebo. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data demograti(usia, konsumsi rokok, indeks Brinkman, tekanan dan lg kadar glukosa darah puasa,kadar kolesterol tétal), IMT, analisis asupan zat gizi, kadar malondialdehida plasma.Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan atau uji Mann Whimsy denganbatas kemaknaan p <0,05.Karakteristik demografi subyek pada awal penelitian meliputi usia, konsumsi rokok,indeks Brinkman, tel-canan damh, Radar glukosa darah puasa, kadar kolesterol total,IMT , analisis asupan zat gizi, kadar malondialdchida plasma antara kelompokperlakuan dan kontrol homogen. Rerata kadar MDA plasma awal pada kelompokperlakuan dan pada kelompok kontrol 1,39i0,19 vs 1,34=b=0,09 nmol/mL. Pada akhirperlakuan, rerata kadar MDA plasma sabesar 1,18=l=0,22 pada kelompok perlakuan dan1,3 1=k0,13 nmol/mL kelompok kontrol, berbeda bermakna (p <0,03‘7).Setelah suplementasi vitamin C 500 mg dan E 400 IU/hari selama empat minggutcrdapat perbedaan bermakna renta kadar MDA plasma antara kedua kelompok.

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AbstractTo investigate the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on plasmamalondialdehycle in clove cigarettes smokers during four weeks in JakartaThis is a parallel randomized single-blind clinical study between interventionalgroup with vitamin C and E supplementation (P) and control group with hasplacebo (K). Forty clove cigarettes smokers in Rmtaurant, Jakarta had fulfilledthe criteria and recruited in the research. Subjects were allocated by blockrandomization into intervention and control group. Intervention group treatedwith vitamin C 500 mg and vitamin E 400 IU daily for 4 weeks, while controlgroup treated with placebo. Data collection includes demographic characteristic(age, smoking habits, Brinkman index, blood pressure, blood glucose, totalcholesterol), body mass index (BMI), daily nutrient analysis, plasma MDA.Statistical analysis using unpairod t-test or Mann Whitney test with significantlevel at p < 0,05.Demographic characteristic (age, smoking habits, Brinlcman index, bloodpressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol), body mass index (BMI), dailynutrient analysis, plasma MDA between both groups were homogen. Initialplasma MDA in the intervention group. and control were l,39=|=0,l9 vsl,34=l=0,09 nmol/tnL. After intervention plasma MDA were l,l8=k0,22 in theintervention group and 1,3l£),13 nmol/mL in control group (p <0,03'7).After supplementation of vitamin C 500 mg/day and vitamin E 400 IU/dayduring 4 weeks, showed significantly differences average of plasma MDAbetween two groups."

"[ABSTRAKPeningkatan stres oksidatif selama penuaan, dianggap sebagai kontributor utama pada proses neuro-degenerasi dan kehilangan neuron, dan merupakan faktor utama dalam patologi penyakit Alzheimer dan penurunan kognitif terkait usia. Vitamin E merupakan antioksidan potensial yang menjadi fokus utama penelitian gangguan fungsi kognitif dan penyakit Alzheimer. Penelitian potong lintang pada populasi lansia sehat di Kelurahan Cikoko ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014 untuk menilai hubungan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif. Selain itu juga menilai asupan vitamin C dan E dengan metode FFQ. Penilaian fungsi kognitif dengan instrumen MoCA-Ina. Pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengetahui kadar vitamin E menggunakan metode HPLC. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan Chi-square. Sebagian besar subyek (75,9%) adalah perempuan dengan usia rata-rata 65 tahun. Sementara, kadar rata-rata vitamin E adekuat, yaitu 21,6 μmol/L. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif yang dinilai dengan skor MoCA-Ina. Meskipun berat badan normal hingga obes I menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan skor kognitif (r = 0,17 p = 0,026), tetapi tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara asupan vitamin C dengan fungsi kognitif (r = 0,19 p = 0,15) atau antara asupan vitamin E dengan fungsi kognitif (r = 0,04, p = 0.72) pada penelitian ini. Kesimpulan, tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif.

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ABSTRACTOxidative stress increases during ageing, is considered as a major contributor to neuro-degeneration and neuronal loss, and is a primary factor in the pathology of both Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. Vitamin E has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease during aging as a potent antioxidant. A cross-sectional study of an elderly population in Cikoko Regency in December 2014 was conducted to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and cognitive function in elderly. Correlation between intakes of vitamin C and E as well as Body Mass Index to the MoCA-Ina scores were also investigated. Fifty four elderly were included in the study and interviewed for their vitamins intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Cognitive function was examined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina). Levels of vitamin E serum were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. The majority of the subjects were female (75.9%) with median age 65 years old. While, the median levels of vitamin E was 21.55 μmol/L. The result of this study showed that there was no association between vitamin E level and MoCA-Ina scores. Although normal weight to obese I was significantly associated with cognitive scores (r = 0,17 p = 0.026), no significant correlation between vitamin C intake and cognitive function scores (r = 0.19 p = 0.15) or between vitamin E intake and MoCA-Ina scores were found in this study (r = 0.04, p = 0.72). In conclusion, there is no association between vitamin E serum and cognitive function.;Oxidative stress increases during ageing, is considered as a major contributor to neuro-degeneration and neuronal loss, and is a primary factor in the pathology of both Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. Vitamin E has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease during aging as a potent antioxidant. A cross-sectional study of an elderly population in Cikoko Regency in December 2014 was conducted to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and cognitive function in elderly. Correlation between intakes of vitamin C and E as well as Body Mass Index to the MoCA-Ina scores were also investigated. Fifty four elderly were included in the study and interviewed for their vitamins intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Cognitive function was examined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina). Levels of vitamin E serum were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. The majority of the subjects were female (75.9%) with median age 65 years old. While, the median levels of vitamin E was 21.55 μmol/L. The result of this study showed that there was no association between vitamin E level and MoCA-Ina scores. Although normal weight to obese I was significantly associated with cognitive scores (r = 0,17 p = 0.026), no significant correlation between vitamin C intake and cognitive function scores (r = 0.19 p = 0.15) or between vitamin E intake and MoCA-Ina scores were found in this study (r = 0.04, p = 0.72). In conclusion, there is no association between vitamin E serum and cognitive function., Oxidative stress increases during ageing, is considered as a major contributor to neuro-degeneration and neuronal loss, and is a primary factor in the pathology of both Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. Vitamin E has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease during aging as a potent antioxidant. A cross-sectional study of an elderly population in Cikoko Regency in December 2014 was conducted to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and cognitive function in elderly. Correlation between intakes of vitamin C and E as well as Body Mass Index to the MoCA-Ina scores were also investigated. Fifty four elderly were included in the study and interviewed for their vitamins intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Cognitive function was examined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina). Levels of vitamin E serum were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. The majority of the subjects were female (75.9%) with median age 65 years old. While, the median levels of vitamin E was 21.55 μmol/L. The result of this study showed that there was no association between vitamin E level and MoCA-Ina scores. Although normal weight to obese I was significantly associated with cognitive scores (r = 0,17 p = 0.026), no significant correlation between vitamin C intake and cognitive function scores (r = 0.19 p = 0.15) or between vitamin E intake and MoCA-Ina scores were found in this study (r = 0.04, p = 0.72). In conclusion, there is no association between vitamin E serum and cognitive function.]"

"Keluhan perdarahan endometrium merupakan efek samping utama yang menjadi alasan akseptor KB susuk menghentikan cara KB yang dipergunakannya. Hal ini merupakan problem penting bagi Program Keluarga Berencana Nasional. Penyebab perdarahan endometrium ini mungkin karena adanya gangguan proses regenerasi jaringan endometrium, termasuk juga gangguan proses angiogenesis.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas angiogenik endometrium peserta KB susk dengan dan tanpa perdarahan. Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian ini dapat mengembangkan cara terapi non hormonal pada perdarahan endometrium.Subyek diambil dari akseptor KB susuk dan telah menggunakan KB susuk selama 3-9 bulan. Untuk pemeriksaan angiogenesis digunakan metoda Folkman. Eksplan endometrium ditanam dalam matriks gel kolagen 3 dimensi yang berisi sel endotel dari umbilikalis manusia dan ditanam selama 96 jam. Potensi aktivitas angiogenik diukur dengan derajat migrasi sel endotel menuju eksplan ( skor 0 - 4 ). Kadar plasma estrogen, progesteron dan SHBG dimonitor selama 2 minggu sebelum biopsi.Telah diperiksa aktivitas angiogenik dari 26 kontrol dan 46 akseptor. Hasilnya menunjukkan skor aktivitas angiogenik dari kontrol lebih tinggi peserta KB susuk. ( skor 1 hampir 0 dengan p C 0,001 ). Skor aktivitas angiogenik pada akseptor dengan perdarahan lebih rendah dari akseptor tanpa keluhan perdarahan, namun perbedaan ini tak bermakna. Kadar plasma estrogen, progesteron tidak mempunyai korelasi yang bermakna dengan aktivitas angiogenik endometrium.

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The Effect Of Vitamin E On Endometrial Angiogenic Response In Implant Contraceptive Users With Bleeding ProblemsThe bleeding problems can be one of the major reason for acceptors discontinuing the use of hormonal contraceptives. The cause of endometrial bleeding may be the disturbances of endometrial regeneration and also the disturbances of angiogenic process.

The aim of this study is to look for the differences in endometrial angiogenic activity from women using Implant contraceptives with and without bleeding. The results of this study may provide the basis for developing non hormonal therapy for patients with endometrial bleeding.

Subjects was selected from implant contraceptive acceptors and they have had an exposure 3-9 month to implant contraceptives. The Folkman method was applied in the angiogenesis assay. The endometrial explants were placed in a 3 dimensional collagen gel matrix containing suspended Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and culture for 96 hours. The potency of angiogenic activity was measure by the migration of the endothelial cells toward explants ( score 0 - 4 ). Blood serum levels of estrogen, progesteron and SHBG were monitored for 2 weeks prior to biopsy.

The endometrial angiogenic activity from 26 controls and 46 acceptors were measured. The results showed that the endometrial angiogenic activity from controls were significantly higher from Implant contraceptive acceptors (score 1 vs approximately 0 with p t 0,001). The endometrial angiogenic activity in acceptors with endometrial bleeding were lower than the acceptors without bleeding, but the differences was not significant. The plasma levels of estrogen and progesteron have no correlation with the endometrial angiogenic activity."

"ABSTRAKKB susuk (kontrasepsi implantasi levonorgestrel/ Norplant) adalah alat kontrasepsi yang efektif, dapat digunakan jangka panjang dan dapat diterima oleh wanita Indonesia. Efek samping yang berupa pendarahan tak teratur, sering dan lama merupakan alasan utama akseptor KB susuk untuk putus metoda.Pada penelitian tahap I dan II telah diperoleh hasil bahwa aktivitas angiogenesis endometrium peserta KB susuk lebih rendah dari kontrol. Aktivitas angiogenesis ini tidak ada hubungannya dengan kadar hormon estradiol ,progesteron, levonorgestrel dan indeks levonorgestrel bebas. Kadar serum peroksida lipid peserta KB susuk dengan perdarahan endometrium lebih tinggi dari kontrol. Inkubasi endometrium dengan vitamin E (in vitro) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas angiogenik endometrium peserta KB susuk dengan pendarahan.Penelitian tahap ke III ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian vitamin E pada peserta KB susuk yang mengalami perdarahan endometrium yang lama, sering dan tak teratur terhadap keluhan perdarahan endometriumnya.Naracoba adalah peserta KB susuk yang minimal telah menggunakan, kontrasepsi tersebut selama 3 bulan, mengalami perdarahan endometrium yang lama/sering/tak teratur (menurut definisi WHO), umur 18-40 tahun, sehat, bersedia menjadi naracoba dan menandatangani 'informed consent.Pemberian vitamin E diberikan secara acak, tersamar berganda. Dosis pemberian vitamin E adalah 200 mg/hari, selama 10 hari. Hasil sementara menunjukkan, pemberian vitamin E mengurangi keluhan perdarahan endometrium sebesar 69,7% , sedangkan pemberian plasebo mengurangi keluhan perdarahan sebesar 37,5%Walaupun hasil pemberian vitamin E ini belum dapat dianalisa sempurna karena jumlah naracoba belum mencukupi, namun kiranya pemberian vitamin E memberikan kesan akan dapat mengurangi keluhan perdarahan endometrium pada pemakai kontrasepsi susuk.

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ABSTRACTThe levonorgestrel subdermal implant contraceptive (Norplant) as a highly method for long acting contraception. The method is well accepted among Indonesian users, despite the problem with irregular and prolonged menstrual bleeding. The bleeding problem can be the major reason for acceptors to discontinue the use of Norplant. The cause of endometrial bleeding may include disturbances in endometrial regeneration and angiogenesis.The study consists of 3 stages. The results of the first and the second study showed that the endometrial angiogenic activity in Norplant users were significantly lower than control group. There was no correlation between endothelial angiogenic activity and peripheral hormonal levels (progesterone, oestradiol, levonorgestrel) and free levonorgestrel index. The plasma lipid peroxyde in Norplant users with bleeding were significantly higher than control group. Vitamin E could increase the response of endometrial angiogenic (in vitro) in Norplant users with bleeding problems.The aim of the third study is to investigate the effect of vitamin E in the Norplant users with bleeding problems.The subjects were selected from Norplat users with an exposure of 3 months or more, with frequent, prolonged and irregular menstrual bleeding, 18-40 years old and recruited to the study on the basis of fully informed consent.Vitamin E were given by double blind randomization. Subject received vitamin E 200 mg daily for ten days every month. The temporary results showed that vitamin E was better than placebo to reduce the endometrial bleeding (69.7% versus 37.5%) in Norplant users. However, the study has not finished yet, it is suggested that vitamin E can reduce the bleeding problem in Norplant users."

"Vitamin E merupakan salah satu vitamin yang sering dijumpai dalam produk kosmetik. Vitamin ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pelembab alami tetapi juga memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan, anti radang dan melindungi kulit dan kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh sinar ultra violet. Sabun sebagai salah satu kosmetik pembersih juga menggunakan vitamin E yang berperan sebagai pelembab alami dan antioksidan. Penelitian jul bertujuan untuk mencari metode analisis vitamin E secara kromatografi gas dengan menggunakan kolom baja tahan karat yang berisi OV-17 3% dalam Kromosorb WHIP 80/100 mesh, dengan panjang kolom 1 m, diameter 3,2 mm, detektor ionisasi nyala dan gas N 2 sebagai pembawa. Penyiapan sampel dilakukan dengan cara penyarian menggunakan heksan. Hasil optimum metode kromatografi gas dicapai pada temperatur kolom 230°C, temperatur ruang suntik 300°C dan temperatur detektor 300°C. Atenuasi rekorder 2, sensitivitas detektor 102 dan tekanan gas N2 300 kPa. Analisis menggunakan metode mi memberikan basil uji perolehan kembali sebesar 98,76% ± 0,76 %. Kadar vitamin E sebagai a-tokofenl asetat yang terdapat dalam empat sampel sabun berkisar antara 0,05%-0,09%.

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Vitamin E is one of the vitamin which is often found in cosmetic products. The function of vitamin E are a natural moisturizer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and skin protector against the damage caused by ultra violet radiation. Soap as one of the cleansing cosmetics also uses vitamin E as a natural moisturizer and antioxidant. The aim of this research is to find the method of analysis vitamin E by using Gas Chromatography with stainless steel column containing stationary phase OV-17 3 % in Chromosorb WI-IP 80/100 mesh, 2 m length, 3,2 mm diameter, flame ionization detector and N2 as a carrier gas. The sample preparation was done by extraction using hexane. And optimum / result of Gas Chromatography at column temperature 230°C, injector port temperature 300°C and detector temperature 300°C. Recorder attenuation 2, sensitivity detector 102 and N2 gas pressure 300 kPa. The recovery test of this method have 98,76% ± 0,76%. The concentration of vitamin E as a-tocopheryl acetate in four soap samples were 0,05%-0,09%."

"Mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi vitamin C 1000 mg i.v dan E 400 mg oral selama empat hari berturut-turut terhadap kadar malondialdehid (MDA) plasma, sebagai penanda stres oksidatif pada penderita luka bakar sedang berat. Penelitian ini merupakan one group pre post test, yang memberikan suplementasi vitamin C 1000 mg i.v dan vitamin E 400 mg oral yang pada 13 subyek penclitian, yaitu penderita luka bakar kategori sedang berat dengan tuas luka bakar kurang dari 60%, yang dirawat di Unit Luka Bakar RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, rekam medik, pengukuran antropometri, analisis asupan menggunakan metodefood record, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. berupa pemeriksaan kadar vitamin Ct E serum dan MDA plasma pada sebeium dan setelah suplementasi. Analisis data untuk data berpasangan menggunakan uji t berpasangan dan uji Wileoxon, sedangkan untuk dua kelompok tidak berpasangan menggunakan uji Mann Whitney. Batas kemaknaan pada penelitian ini adalah 5%. Sebanyak 13 orang subyek penelitian~ terdiri dari perempuan 53,85%, dengan median usia 32 (18-55) tahun, sebagian besar subyek memiliki status gizi normal (61.54%). Median luas luka bakar adalah 22 (5-57)"/o, dengan kasus terbanyak adalah luka bakar berat (61.50%), dan penyebab terbanyak adalah api (76.9%). Kadar vitamin C pasca suplementasi mengalami sedikit peningkatan yang tidak bennakna. Kadar vitamin E subyek penelitian meningkat bermakna (p=O,Ol6) pasea suplementasi, walaupun masih dalam kategori rendah. Kadar MDA pada suplementasi mengalami penurunan bermakna W'(l,O 19). Simpulan: Terdapat penurunan bermakna kadar MDA plasma pada subyek penelitian setelah suplementasi vitamin C 1000 mg i.v dan vitamin E 400 mg oral selama empat hari.

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To study the effect of vitamin C 1000 mg i.v and E 400 mg oral supplementation on plasma malondialdehyde level as parameter of oxidative stress in bum patients.

This study was a one group pre post test that gave i.v 1000 mg vitamin C and omi 400 mg vitamin E supplementations to thirteen moderate-severe bum patient$. with percentage of bum less than 60%, in burn unit Cipto Mangunkusurno HospitaL Data were collected using questionnaire, medical record, anthropometric measurement. dietary assessment using four consecutive days food record. Laboratory test for serum vitamin C, B and plasma malondialdehyde levels were evaluated before and after supplementations. Differences in mean values were assessed by paired t-test for normal distribution data or Wilcoxon fur the not normal distribution. Mann Whitney was used for unpaired data. Values of p < O~OS were considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results Among thirteen subjects. seven (53.80%) subjects were female, median of age 32 (18-55) years. Body mass indek in most subjects (61.54%) were categorized as normal. The median percentages of bum injury 22 (5-51)%, and the frequency of severe bum was 61.50%, while the most cause of bum was flame (76,9%). Level of vitamin C after treatment was increased, but not significant. Level of vitamin E after treatment was significantly increased (p=O,Ol6). Level of MDA after supplementation significantly reduced (Jl 0,0l9).

Conclusion There was significantly reduced of level plasma MDA after four days vitamin CIOOO mg i.v danE 400 mg oral supplementations. "