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"Penelitian ini membahas peran diskusi online (dalam jaringan/daring) asinkronus yang menerapkan kerangka kerja community of inquiry (CoI) pada keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji kerangka kerja CoI dalam peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa, serta melihat hubungan social presence, cognitive presence, dan teaching presence dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Penelitian kuasi eksperimental yang menggabungkan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif ini dilakukan pada 45 mahasiswa angkatan 2014 dan 2 pengajar dari Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia yang mengikuti Mata Ajar Pengembangan Kepribadian Terintegrasi (MPKT B). Proses pembelajaran MPKT sendiri diselenggarakan secara tatap muka dan daring. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kelompok eksperimen yang diajarkan CoI tidak mendapatkan skor berpikir kritis yang lebih besar dari kelompok kontrol yang tidak diajarkan CoI. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa skor berpikir kritis memiliki hubungan dengan elemen-elemen dalam CoI meski tidak signifikan.

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The focus of this study is to test the community of inquiry (CoI) framework on critical thinking skill development and investigates the relation between social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence and critical thinking. The study is conducted using quasi experimental design, which combines quantitative and qualitative approach. The participants are 45 first year students (2014) from the Faculty of Pharmacy in Universitas Indonesia, enrolled in character building course (MPKT B). The courses itself is delivered through blended mode, between face to face and online environment. is The participants are grouped into experimental group of 23 students and the control group of 22 students. The study also involed facilitators in each classes. The study exhibit the fact that the students in the experimental group do not have higher critical thinking score compared to the students of the control group. In addition to that, the critical thinking scores are related to the CoI elements, although these results are not significant."

"Pembelajaran yang bermakna dan mendalam pada pembelajaran kolaboratif daring memerlukan suatu rancangan pemodelan pembelajaran. Kerangka kerja Community of Inquiry (CoI) berfokus pada memfasilitasi pengalaman belajar yang bermakna dan mendalam melalui tiga aspek kehadiran yaitu sosial, kognitif, dan pengajaran. Forum diskusi asinkron saat ini sudah banyak digunakan namun beberapa kekurangan masih dirasakan oleh peserta didik maupun pengajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan implementasi dan evaluasi forum diskusi asinkron berbasis kerangka kerja CoI berupa aplikasi web yang dapat digunakan secara nyata berdasarkan hasil rancangan penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini mengadopsi metode Waterfall sebagai metode Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Metode Waterfall yang dimodifikasi menjadi tiga tahapan yaitu design, implementation, serta verification & testing. Tahapan design menghasilkan definisi sistem secara teknis melalui rancangan Unified Model Language (UML) sistem. Tahapan implementasi menghasilkan aplikasi web yang dapat digunakan melalui kegiatan mempersiapkan tech stack, development backend, dan development frontend. Framework Django dan PostgreSQL digunakan untuk pengembangan backend dan Next.js untuk pengembangan frontend. Tahapan verification & testing menghasilkan bahwa tidak ditemukan error utama pada setiap fitur melalui pengujian User Acceptance Testing (UAT). Evaluasi dilakukan melalui survey daring yang berisi pertanyaan kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengukur aspek usability dan keberhasilan memunculkan kehadiran pada model CoI. Hasil usability testing memperoleh tingkat complete success sebesar 81.08%. Evaluasi nilai System Usability Scale (SUS) memperoleh nilai 78,78 yang termasuk dalam kategori “Good” dan “Acceptable”. Hasil evaluasi terhadap aplikasi web menunjukkan bahwa fitur Reaction Post, Post, Thread Diskusi, Profil Pengguna, dan Text Editor dapat memunculkan kehadiran sosial. Fitur Post, Thread Diskusi, Ringkasan Diskusi, dan Referensi Diskusi dapat memunculkan kehadiran kognitif. Fitur Thread Diskusi, Panduan Diskusi, Referensi Diskusi, Week, dan Inquiry State dapat memunculkan kehadiran pengajaran.

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Meaningful and deep learning in online collaborative learning requires a learning design framework. The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework focuses on facilitating meaningful and deep learning experiences through three aspects of presence: social, cognitive, and teaching. Asynchronous discussion forums are widely used, but some shortcomings are still felt by students and teachers. This study aims to implement and evaluate an asynchronous discussion forum based on the CoI framework in the form of a web application that can be used effectively based on the previous research design. This research adopts the Waterfall method as the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method. The modified Waterfall method consists of three stages: design, implementation, and verification & testing. The design stage produces a technical system definition through Unified Modeling Language (UML) system design. The implementation stage develops a web application through activities such as preparing the tech stack, developing the backend, and developing the frontend. The Django framework and PostgreSQL are used for backend development, and Next.js is used for frontend development. The verification & testing stage confirms that no major errors were found in each feature through User Acceptance Testing (UAT). Evaluation is conducted through an online survey that includes qualitative and quantitative questions to measure usability aspects and the success of bringing presence to the CoI model. The results of the usability testing achieved a complete success rate of 81.08%. The System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation obtained a score of 78.78, which falls into the "Good" and "Acceptable" categories. The evaluation of the web application showed that features such as Reaction Post, Post, Discussion Thread, User Profile, and Text Editor can evoke social presence. Features like Post, Discussion Thread, Discussion Summary, and Discussion References can evoke cognitive presence. Features like Discussion Thread, Discussion Guide, Discussion References, Week, and Inquiry State can evoke teaching presence."

"Jenis penelitian ini adalah action research. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana support group berperan dalam mendorong motivasi belajar siswa/i kelas XII SMA X. Pendekatan ini menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk melengkapi pendekatan konseling dalam menangani masalah belajar remaja di sekolah. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap lima orang sasaran penelitian. Tiga orang di antaranya menyadari rendahnya motivasi belajar sebagai masalah yang perlu diatasi. Kesadaran akan masalah membuat ketiganya terlibat dengan baik dalam kelompok dan merasakan manfaat dari keberadaannya. Sebaliknya, dua orang lainnya tidak menganggap rendahnya motivasi belajar sebagai masalah yang perlu diatasi sehingga keduanya kurang terlibat dalam kelompok dan tidak merasakan manfaat dari keberadaannya.

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This research is action research. This study discusses how support groups play a role in encouraging student motivation. This approach became an alternative to complete counseling approach in dealing with adolescent learning in school. After running the program, an evaluation conducted on five students as the object of study. Three of them realize low learning motivation as a problem that needs to be addressed. Awareness of the problem made all those three students are involved in a group and got the benefit from its existence. While two others, they don?t consider the low learning motivation as a problem so that they are less involved in the group and they don?t get benefit from its existence."

"Tesis ini membahasefektivitaspeningkatan kemampuan menulis teks deskriptif dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD pada siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Kandangserang Kabupaten Pekalongan tahun ajaran 2015-2016.Model pembelajaran kooperatif yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD menurut Slavin (1995). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan desain eksperimental pre-test post-test control group design. Analisis data kuantitatif mengggunakan bantuan piranti lunak SPSS v.22. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD secara efektif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif.

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This thesis discusses the increase in the ability to write descriptive textsin a class where the teacher implemented Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) Cooperative Learning atSMAN 1 Kandangserang Kabupaten Pekalongan academic year 2015-2016. This implementation follows Slavin?s (1995) theory of cooperative learning.This research uses quantitative and qualitative methodswith the experimental pre-test post-test control group design. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS v.22. software. The research findings indicate that the cooperative learning model can effectively improve the students?ability to write descriptive texts."

"Para pakar sepakat bahwa forum diskusi online berpotensi memfasilitasi pembelajaran kolaboratif yang meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang bermakna, sekelompok ahli mengajukan Model Community of Inquiry CoI sebagai kerangka kerja pembelajaran kolaboratif online. Diskusi online yang kritis dan mendalam merupakan dinamika dan interaksi timbal balik antara kehadiran sosial, pengajaran, dan kognisi. Kehadiran kognisi yang terdiri atas aktivitas triggering event, eksplorasi, integrasi, dan resolusi merupakan implementasi keterampilan berpikir kritis.Keberhasilan pembelajaran kolaboratif online membutuhkan keterampilan belajar tersendiri yang tidak terbentuk dengan sendirinya. Riset tentang bagaimana mengembangkan keterampilan tersebut masih terbatas. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode pembekalan Model CoI dengan pendekatan cognitive apprenticeship untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menjalankan peran pembelajar dalam lingkungan pembelajaran kolaboratif melalui forum diskusi online. Penyusunan rancangan pembekalan mempertimbangkan kesiapan awal mahasiswa dan disposisi berpikir kritis. Kontribusi penelitian ini berupa rancangan pembekalan Model CoI, rekomendasi berdasarkan hasil kajian, dan usulan fitur pendukung pembentukan pengetahuan bersama. Rancangan disajikan dalam skrip kronologis untuk memandu pelaksanaan pembekalan dan supaya dapat diadaptasi pada konteks lain.Pembekalan dilakukan terintegrasi dengan mata ajar Aljabar Linier yang diselenggarakan dengan blended-learning. Partisipan terdiri atas mahasiswa semester kedua Fakultas Ilmu Komputer UI yang dibagi dalam dua kelas: dengan pembekalan dan tanpa pembekalan. Respons terhadap survei dan kuesioner metakognisi dan kesiapan belajar online, dan transkrip diskusi merupakan sumber data kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang dianalisis dengan parallel design mixed method untuk meneliti pengaruh pembekalan terhadap kemampuan self-regulation dan co-regulation, strategi belajar, tingkat berpikir kritis, dan pola interaksi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembekalan meningkatkan secara signifikan kemampuan metakognisi. Capaian mahasiswa kelas dengan pembekalan dalam menjawab soal dengan argumentasi lebih tinggi. Mereka dapat mengartikulasikan proses akomodasi yang dialaminya. Melalui forum diskusi online, mereka terpapar dengan berbagai strategi belajar dan mendorongnya untuk mengubah strateginya apabila diperlukan. Pembekalan dan pengalaman belajar mampu mengubah persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pemahaman dan tingkat motivasinya sendiri, sehingga lebih menyadari keterbatasan pengetahuannya.Teknologi memfasilitasi diskursus dan merekamnya dalam bentuk transkrip yang dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut. Transkrip diskusi online kelas dengan pembekalan menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pemicu dan ketepatan waktu memberikan pemicu mempengaruhi tingkat keaktifan kelompok. Diskusi paling intensif terjadi di awal periode ketika kelompok berupaya mendefinisikan masalah. Keaktifan menurun pada periode kedua dan ketiga; ketika masalah sudah didefinisikan dan mahasiswa perlu mencari sumber informasi lain serta berpikir mendalam untuk mengintegrasikan gagasan. Keaktifan meningkat lagi menjelang periode diskusi berakhir seiring tuntutan menyelesaikan tugas tepat waktu.Pola dinamika kehadiran sosial, pengajaran, dan kognisi mengikuti pola keaktifan. Kehadiran sosial muncul paling dominan, diikuti kehadiran kognisi, dan pengajaran. Indikator tingkat berpikir kritis yang paling intensif adalah integrasi dalam bentuk mengaitkan antar konsep dan menggabungkan gagasan. Semua kelompok mencapai tingkat integrasi; namun, tidak semua mencapai resolusi. Resolusi dicapai oleh kelompok yang tingkat kehadiran kognisinya tinggi atau yang memiliki fasilitator mahasiswa yang berinisiatif mendefinisikan masalah dan mengarahkan anggota kelompok mengambil peran dalam menyelesaikan tugas.Dalam menyelesaikan tugas melalui diskusi online, mahasiswa menanggapi sekilas pesan sebelumnya kemudian fokus pada penyampaian gagasannya sendiri. Perbedaan pendapat jarang terjadi dan tidak berlangsung lama. Mereka menilai diskusi online bermanfaat memberi stimulus berpikir, memperkaya strategi belajar, dan membantu belajar secara mendalam. Batuan belajar dari sesama pembelajar dalam forum diskusi online berupa: mempermudah pemahaman dengan penjelasan dan contoh, memicu berpikir, berbagi sumber belajar, saling mengonfirmasi pemahaman, dan mendiagnosis miskonsepsi.Pembelajaran kolaboratif online merupakan pengalaman baru bagi mahasiswa, sehingga awalnya sebagian dari mereka sulit memulai diskusi dan menuangkan pemikiran. Ada rasa kekhawatiran pesan yang disampaikan baik isi maupun pilihan laras bahasa tidak memuaskan. Mereka mengakui kesulitan merangkum berbagai gagasan ketika diskusi berjalan cepat. Menjawab kendala tersebut, penelitian ini mengusulkan fitur pendukung pembentukan pengetahuan bersama dengan menyusun rangkuman secara kolaboratif. Pengembangan dan implementasi fitur tersebut dan penerapan rancangan pembekalan Model CoI pada konteks berbeda merupakan topik riset mendatang dalam meningkatkan efektifitas pembelajaran kolaboratif online.

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Experts agree that online discussion forum has the potential to facilitate collaborative learning that enhances critical thinking skills. To create meaningful learning experiences, a group of experts proposed the Community of Inquiry CoI Model as a framework for collaborative online learning. The model captures in depth and meaningful collaborative online discussion process as the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between social, cognition, and teaching presences. Cognitive presence, operationalized as critical thinking, involves triggering event, exploration, integration and resolution.Effective online collaborative learning requires different skills as compared to face to face learning activities. Research on how to develop such skills is still limited. This study proposes a training method of the CoI Model to improve students 39 ability to fulfill their role in collaborative learning through online discussion forum. Contributions of the study are a training design of the CoI Model using cognitive apprenticeship approach, recommendations based on the findings, and proposed feature to support group knowledge building. The design is presented in chronological script to guide facilitators and to be adapted in other contexts by educators if needed.The training is integrated with Linear Algebra course conducted in blended learning approach. Participants, computer science students of the second semester, are grouped into two classes with and without the training. Quantitative and qualitative data of the metacognitive and e Learning competency questionnaires, in depth survey, and discussion transcripts were analyzed with a parallel design mixed method to investigate the impact of the training on students rsquo self regulation and co regulation, learning strategies, critical thinking, and patterns of interaction.Study results show that the training significantly increase the average score of metacognition. In line with this finding, students with the training perform better in answering questions that required them to argue. They implement various learning strategies in online discussion forum and are able to articulate the process of accommodation they are going through. The learning experience changes students 39 perceptions of their own understanding and motivation level. They become more aware of the limitations of their own understanding and level of motivation.The technology of online discussion forum accommodates discourse and records it in forms of transcript, so it can be further analyzed. The online discussion transcripts of the class with the training show that timeliness and quality of triggers positvely correlated to the level of participation. The most intensive attendance occurred at the beginning, as the groups seek to define the problem. The level of participation decreases in the second and third periods, since the problem has been defined and the they need time for reflection and seach relevant information before they explore ideas and integrate them to solve the problem. Before the discussion period ends, students become more active again to complete the task on time.The pattern of the attendance levels of social, teaching, and cognitive presences follows the same pattern as the participation levels. Students exhibit highest social presence, followed by cognitive and teaching presences. The most dominant critical thinking level is integration in the forms of linking between concepts and integrate ideas within learning community. All groups reach integration level, but not all of them attain resolution. Resolution is achieved by groups of high level cognitive presence or those having voluntary student facilitators who take the role of defining the problem and directing group members to take their parts.In completing the task through online discussions, students respond to glimpse previous messages, then focus on the delivery of their own ideas. Conflicting of opinions is rare and disagreement does not last long. Most students find online discussion useful to deepen learning, stimulate thinking, and enhance learning strategies. Learning support from peers is obtained through providing examples, sharing knowledge and learning resources, stimulating thinking, confirming understanding, and diagnosing misconceptions.Online collaborative learning is a new experience for most respondents therefore, at the beginning they find it difficult to initiate a discussion and to present their thought in text. They concern the conveyed messages both content and choice of words are not satisfactory. They have difficulty summarizing the emerging ideas in the online forum. This study proposes a feature integrated with online discussion forum to facilitate shared knowledge construction by compiling a summary collaboratively. Development and implementation of this feature and an adoption of the the training method in different contexts are future research topics to improve online collaborative learning."

"Saat ini dunia sedang dilanda wabah penyakit Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). Hal itu mengakibatkan sebagian besar aktivitas dilakukan secara jarak jauh, salah satunya aktivitas pembelajaran. Keberadaan e-learning khususnya Learning Management System (LMS) diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi untuk kebutuhan akan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Salah satu fitur utama LMS adalah forum diskusi online. Hasil observasi terhadap aktivitas diskusi pada beberapa kelas di SCeLE Fasilkom Universitas Indonesia (UI), salah satu LMS yang dimiliki oleh UI, menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam forum diskusi online masih cukup rendah. Masalah terkait rendahnya keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam diskusi online ternyata juga masih menjadi tantangan bagi para pengajar. Perancangan dan analisis pengaruh gamifikasi yang direpresentasikan oleh elemen game berupa badge dan reaction system (like) terhadap keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam diskusi online pada dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Sebanyak 60 mahasiswa UI tergabung dalam penelitian ini. Aktivitas diskusi online dilakukan oleh seluruh partisipan pada aplikasi Dummy Scele (nongamifkasi) selama tiga hari dan gDummy Scele (gamifikasi) selama tiga hari berikutnya disertai dengan pengisian kuesioner pada saat berakhirnya masing-masing sesi diskusi tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan gamifikasi hanya berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap jumlah reply dan skor perceived relatedness dalam diskusi online.

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The world is suffering from Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). That resulted in the majority of activities carried out remotely, one of them is learning activities. The existence of e-learning, especially Learning Management System (LMS) is expected to be a solution for the need of distance learning. One of the key features of LMS is an online discussion forum. The results of the observations of discussion activities in several classes at SCeLE Fasilkom Universitas Indonesia (UI), one of the LMS owned by UI, shows that the students engagement in online discussion forums is still quite low. Problems related to the low of student engagement in online discussions turned out to be still a challenge for educators. The design and analysis of the impact of gamification represented by game elements in the form of badges and reaction system on student engagement in online discussion was carried out in this study. Participants consisting of 60 UI students joined in this study. Online discussion activities were carried out by all participants in Dummy Scele (not gamified) for three days and gDummy Scele (gamified) for the next three days accompanied by questionnaires to be filled at the end of each discussion session. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of gamification only significantly influences the number of replies and perceived relatedness scores in online discussions. "

"Dalam pembelajaran kolaboratif daring melalui forum diskusi daring (FDD), pelajar mengkonstruk pemahaman personalnya secara aktif melalui serangkaian mekanisme eksplorasi dan transaksi ide. Salah satu kerangka kerja yang memodelkan kehadiran yang muncul dalam pembelajaran kolaboratif daring adalah kerangka kerja Community of Inquiry (CoI). Kerangka kerja CoI mendapat perhatian luas para peneliti dan praktisi. Namun, penelitian terkini mengenai model CoI masih terbatas pada pemetaan aktivitas instruksional dan belum diwujudkan menjadi sebuah desain interaksi suatu lingkungan belajar daring untuk pembelajaran kolaboratif yang dapat mendukung munculnya kehadiran yang terdapat pada model CoI. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan desain interaksi forum diskusi daring asinkronus dengan metode User-Centered Design (UCD) yang dikontekstualisasikan menurut pendekatan Learning-Centered Design (LCD).Pendefinisian kebutuhan desain dalam penelitian ini melibatkan survei daring dan wawancara eksploratif mengenai pengalaman menggunakan atau mengelola FDD untuk pembelajaran. Hasil survei dan wawancara tersebut dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk memformulasikan kebutuhan desain. Tujuh skenario penggunaan dan antarmuka forum diskusi untuk memfasilitasi aktivitas perkenalan serta empat tahap inquiry dikembangkan sebagai luaran desain interaksi. Rancangan tersebut dievaluasi melalui pengujian kontekstual yang melibatkan 10 mahasiswa.Pengujian kontekstual menunjukkan bahwa purwarupa mampu mendorong dan memfasilitasi aktivitas perkenalan (kehadiran sosial), eksplorasi gagasan, menyimpulkan (kehadiran kognitif), dan membantu partisipan diskusi yang mencari bantuan (kehadiran pengajaran). Akan tetapi, purwarupa masih belum cukup mendorong partisipan melakukan aktivitas triggering events (kehadiran kognitif), memilah dan mengintegrasikan gagasan (kehadiran kognitif), dan eksplorasi (kehadiran kognitif) sehingga diperlukan instruksi langsung dosen. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat meredesain desain usulan berdasarkan rekomendasi dan mengembangkan sistem yang berfungsi penuh yang dapat diujikan pada konteks penggunaan yang sebenarnya.

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Online discussion forum (ODF) is often utilized in a collaborative online learning. Based on this learning approach, learners construct their personal understandings of a concept through involving themselves in a series of exploration and transaction of ideas. Community of Inquiry (CoI) Framework is a model that describes the presences in a collaborative learning. Despite its popularity among researchers and practitioners, the state-of-the-art of the CoI model is still limited to mapping instructional activities which are yet to be developed further into an interaction design for an online collaborative learning environment which is intended to support the CoI presences. This study is aimed at developing interaction design for an asynchronous online discussion forum using User-Centered Design (UCD) method that are contextualized to Learning-Centered Design (LCD) approach.

The design requirements were formulated based on online surveys and explorative interviews to capture their experience in using or managing the ODF for educational purposes. The results were analysed qualitatively to formulate the design requirements. Seven scenario and user interfaces were designed to facilitate an introductory activity and four phases of inquiry as the outputs of interaction design. The design was evaluated through contextual interviews involving 10 students.

The contextual interviews revealed that the prototype could encourage and support introductory activity (social presence), idea exploration (cognitive presence), summarizing the discussion (cognitive presence), and helping other participants in the forum (teaching presence). However, it is still unable to adequately encourage the participants to respond with triggering event (cognitive presence), filtering and integrating ideas (cognitive presence), and resolution (cognitive presence) replies. As a result, further direct instruction from the facilitator is needed. Future research could be aimed at redesigning the proposed design based on the recommendations and developing a fully-functional working system to be tested in the real settings"

"Politeknik Negeri Jakarta (PNJ) dalam menghadapai tantangan globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi informasi telah merespon melalui proses penyelenggaraan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi dengan visi PNJ menjadi politeknik berkelas dunia pada tahun 2029. Faktanya, PNJ melakukan inovasi melalui kurikulum berbasis KKNI dan kebutuhan industri, penelitian berorientasi pada HAKI dan paten, pengabdian berbasis pada pemberdayaan masyarakat serta penyelenggaraan pendidikan inklusi untuk siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Collaborative knowledge creation (CKC) yang terjadi dalam organisasi digunakan dalam menjawab “the right knowledge” untuk “the right people” pada “the right time”. Merujuk pada Alvarez (2012) penerapan CKC di dalam organisasi merupakan syarat agar bertahan di dalam persaingan global. Sedangkan Du Chatenier et.al., (2009) menggambarkan empat tahapan implementasi CKC, yaitu : (1) externalizing and sharing, (2) interpreting and analyzing, (3) negotiating and revising dan (4) combining and creating. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis proses pembelajaran yang partisipatif berdasarkan budaya di dalam kerangka suatu sistem terbuka yang rumit dan kompleks berbentuk human activity systems (HAS) pada organisasi Politeknik melalui konsep CKC dengan pendekatan dual imperative systems yang menggunakan soft systems methodology (SSM) serta meminjam PNJ sebagai laboratorium untuk kepentingan research interest dan problem solving. Dalam research interest, SSM hanya dilakukan sampai tahap keenam dan penerapan CKC di PNJ memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan ciri dan keunggulan Politeknik sebagai pendidikan tinggi vokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan empat tahapan dalam CKC (externalizing and sharing, interpreting and analyzing, negotiating and revising, dan combining and creating) digunakan dalam proses penyusunan dan pengembangan model pendidikan tinggi vokasi dan mendukung peningkatan kualitas pelaksanaan Tri Dharma PT. Penelitian ini melibatkan aktor yang berwenang dan berkompeten, dimulai dari tingkat individu, kelompok, organisasi dan antar organisasi Politeknik. Penerapan setiap tahapan CKC dalam proses penyusunan dan pengembangan model pendidikan tinggi vokasi memerlukan kontribusi peran dari setiap individu (Direktur, Pudir, Kajur, KPS, Kepala Unit dan dosen), kelompok (Pimpinan PNJ, Pimpinan Jurusan, Pimpinan Unit), organisasi (PNJ) dan antar organisasi (Forum Direktur Politeknik, wakil dari Dikti, dunia industri serta asosiasi profesi). PNJ memainkan peran penting melalui penyempurnaan kelembagaan yang didukung kebijakan pemerintah, meningkatkan kualitas lulusan dan mutu pembelajaran, memperkuat daya inovasi, kerja sama dengan dunia industri, pemerintah dan institusi lainnya.

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In facing the challenges of globalization and information technology, State Polytechnic of Jakarta ( PNJ ) has responded by implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education with PNJ vision become a world-class polytechnic in 2029. In fact, PNJ innovation is done through standard curriculum needs of the industry, the number of research oriented, intellectual property rights and patents, devotion based on community development and the implementation of inclusive education for students with special needs. Collaborative knowledge creation ( CKC ) is happening in the organization used to answer "the right knowledge" to "the right people" at "the right time". Referring to Alvarez ( 2012) application of the CKC in the organization is a requirement in order to survive in the global competition. While Du Chaternier et al, (2009 ) describes four stages of implementation CKC: (1) externalizing and sharing, (2) analyzing and interpreting, (3) negotiating and revising, and (4) combining and creating.

The purpose of this study is aimed to analyze the learning process in a participatory of CKC and based culture within the framework of an open complicated and complex form of human activity systems (HAS) at the Polytechnic organization with dual imperative systems approach that use soft systems methodology (SSM) and borrow PNJ as a laboratory for the benefit of research interests and problem solving. In the research of interest, SSM only done until the sixth stage and the application of the CKC in PNJ has the same characteristics with the characteristics and advantages of the Polytechnic as higher vocational education.

The results showed that all four stages in CKC (externalizing and sharing, analyzing and interpreting, negotiating and revising, and combining and creating) used in the formulation and development of higher vocational education models and support the implementation of quality improvement “Tri Dharma” of higher education. Research involving actors and competent authorities, starting from the level of the individual, group, organizational and inter-organizational Polytechnic. CKC application of each stage in the process of drafting and development of higher vocational education model requires the contribution of each individual role ( Director, Vice Director , Head of Department, Head of Unit and Lecturer ), group (Director and Vice Director, Head of Department, Head of Unit), organization (PNJ) and inter organizational ( Polytechnic Director 's Forum, representatives of Higher Education: Ministry of Education and Culture, industries and professional associations ). In the face of globalization and helping to improve the nation's competitiveness, PNJ have an important role through institutional improvements and supported by government policies, improve the quality of the graduates, the quality of learning and teaching process, strengthen innovation and do collaboration with industries, gevernment and other institutions."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas scaffolding dalam interaksi tutor-pemelajar + pemelajarpemelajarsecara asinkronis dalam forum diskusi tutorial online Writing 1Universitas Terbuka berdasarkan aspek manajemen tugas, proses balikan, danmanajemen dalam menjalin ikatan sosial. Penelitian ini adalah studi kasus yangbersifat naturalistik. Data yang digunakan berupa percakapan asinkronis,kuesioner dan wawancara. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa pemelajar dapatmembangun pengetahuannya secara kolaboratif melalui scaffolding dalampemelajaran bahasa yang menggunakan media komputer (CMC) secaraasinkronis. Namun demikian, kurangnya respon terhadap pertanyaan dan balikanyang dikirimkan, serta respon rekan yang tidak mengarahkan pemelajar untukmeningkatkan kemampuannya menjadikan interaksi ini tidak seluruhnyamengandung scaffolding. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh: tutor yang cenderunguntuk menunda memberikan respon, respon rekan tidak mengandung balikan, danpemelajar yang menunggu respon tutor karena tutor diyakini memiliki kompetensilebih baik dibandingkan rekan, serta fitur interaksi secara asinkronis yangmemungkinkan respon diberikan secara tidak simultan atau bahkan diabaikan.Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua pemelajar memanfaatkanscaffolding untuk segera merevisi tulisannya, karena kurang jelasnya instruksiyang diberikan maupun fitur interaksi yang berlangsung secara asinkronis.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis focuses on scaffolding in tutor-learner + learner-learner interactionasynchronously on Writing 1 online tutorial discussion forum at Open Universitybased on the following aspects: task management, feedback process, and socialcohesiveness. The research is a naturalistic case study. Data are collected throughasynchronous chat records, questionnaires, and interviews. The analysis resultsprove learners are able to construct knowledge in collaboration throughscaffolding in language learning using asynchronous computer-mediatedcommunication (CMC). However, scaffolding is not found in the entireinteraction since there is a lack of responses towards questions and feedback, andpeers? responses do not guide learners to substantial improvement in performance.The reasons of these are: tutor tends to delay in responding, there is often nofeedback in peers? responses, learners? belief in tutor?s feedback instead of that oftheir peers, and a time-delayed frame feature of interaction which makes itpossible for users not to send messages simultaneously or simply to ignoreresponses. The analysis also shows that only a few of learners are usingscaffolding to revise their writings immediately. There is no clear instructionsabout revising their writings and the asynchronous interaction feature are tworeasons that make scaffolding less effective.;This thesis focuses on scaffolding in tutor-learner + learner-learner interactionasynchronously on Writing 1 online tutorial discussion forum at Open Universitybased on the following aspects: task management, feedback process, and socialcohesiveness. The research is a naturalistic case study. Data are collected throughasynchronous chat records, questionnaires, and interviews. The analysis resultsprove learners are able to construct knowledge in collaboration throughscaffolding in language learning using asynchronous computer-mediatedcommunication (CMC). However, scaffolding is not found in the entireinteraction since there is a lack of responses towards questions and feedback, andpeers’ responses do not guide learners to substantial improvement in performance.The reasons of these are: tutor tends to delay in responding, there is often nofeedback in peers’ responses, learners’ belief in tutor’s feedback instead of that oftheir peers, and a time-delayed frame feature of interaction which makes itpossible for users not to send messages simultaneously or simply to ignoreresponses. The analysis also shows that only a few of learners are usingscaffolding to revise their writings immediately. There is no clear instructionsabout revising their writings and the asynchronous interaction feature are tworeasons that make scaffolding less effective., This thesis focuses on scaffolding in tutor-learner + learner-learner interactionasynchronously on Writing 1 online tutorial discussion forum at Open Universitybased on the following aspects: task management, feedback process, and socialcohesiveness. The research is a naturalistic case study. Data are collected throughasynchronous chat records, questionnaires, and interviews. The analysis resultsprove learners are able to construct knowledge in collaboration throughscaffolding in language learning using asynchronous computer-mediatedcommunication (CMC). However, scaffolding is not found in the entireinteraction since there is a lack of responses towards questions and feedback, andpeers’ responses do not guide learners to substantial improvement in performance.The reasons of these are: tutor tends to delay in responding, there is often nofeedback in peers’ responses, learners’ belief in tutor’s feedback instead of that oftheir peers, and a time-delayed frame feature of interaction which makes itpossible for users not to send messages simultaneously or simply to ignoreresponses. The analysis also shows that only a few of learners are usingscaffolding to revise their writings immediately. There is no clear instructionsabout revising their writings and the asynchronous interaction feature are tworeasons that make scaffolding less effective.]"