Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"[Latar Belakang: Regenerasi periodontal diawali dengan perlekatan bekuan fibrin yang stabil. Tujuan: Mengamati perbedaan tingkat perlekatan bekuan fibrin pada permukaan akar yang dilakukan root surface conditioning dengan menggunakan minosiklin dan EDTA. Metode: Tiga puluh buah permukaan akar gigi dibagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok minosiklin, kelompok EDTA dan kelompok kontrol salin. Pada permukaan akar gigi dilakukan aplikasi darah segar dan dibiarkan berkoagulasi, bekuan fibrin di evaluasi dengan Scaning Electron Microscope. Hasil Penelitian: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara bekuan fibrin kelompok minosiklin dengan EDTA (p=0,759). Kesimpulan: Bahan EDTA dan minosiklin menghasilkan kepadatan bekuan fibrin yang sama pada permukaan akar gigi.

---

Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface;Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface;Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface, Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface]"

"Latar belakang: Antibiotik gentamisin (GEN), klindamisin (CLI) dan minosiklin (MIN) digunakan dalam penanganan infeksi Staphylococcus aureus kebal metisilin (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA). Teknologi next-generation sequencing (NGS) merupakan metode mutakhir yang digunakan untuk pemetaan pola kekebalan kuman untuk pengendalian infeksi di suatu fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil genom isolat MRSA klinis melalui pemeriksaan NGS. Metode: Proses sequencing DNA menggunakan Illumina® MiSeq dilakukan pada 92 isolat MRSA klinis yang diperoleh dari pasien yang dirawat di Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Jepang sehingga didapatkan masing-masing susunan genom de novo. Susunan genom de novo tersebut kemudian dianalisis in silico menggunakan ResFinder sehingga didapatkan profil genom kekebalan antibiotik kuman. Data ini kemudian dianalisis bersama data fenotip kadar hambat minimum (KHM) GEN, CLI, dan MIN.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan MRSA aac(6')aph(2")+,spc+, ermA+,tetM+ merupakan isolat terbanyak (42/92) dan memiliki KHM GEN >16 mg/L (40/42), CLI >4 mg/L (26/42) dan MIN >8 mg/L MIN (30/42). Deteksi gen aac(6')aph(2") berhubungan dengan KHM GEN (p<0,001), deteksi gen ermA berhubungan dengan KHM CLI (p<0,001) dan deteksi gen tetM berhubungan dengan KHM MIN (p<0,001). Deteksi bersamaan aac(6')aph(2")-spc-ermA-tetM berkorelasi dengan KHM GEN (φc= 0,398, p <0,001), CLI (φc= 0,448, p <0,001) dan MIN (φc= 0,515, p <0,001). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan korelasi fenotip KHM dan genotip kekebalan antibiotik GEN, CLI dan MIN pada MRSA. Teknologi NGS berpotensi sebagai uji cepat deteksi kekebalan antibiotik pada kasus infeksi MRSA yang merupakan bagian dari upaya pengendalian infeksi.

---

Background: Gentamicin (GEN), clindamycin (CLI) and minocycline (MIN) are amongst the widely used antibiotic treatments in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The emerging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides antibiotic resistance pattern mapping to be inferred as a consideration in healthcare infection control policy. The subjective of this study is to reveal genomic resistome using NGS and to correlate the resistome with the phenotype of antibiotic resistance represented as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between clinically isolated MRSA specimens.Methods: Illumina® MiSeq was used to sequence and to de novo assembly the genomic DNA of 92 MRSA specimens obtained from the patients treated in Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. Resistome was determined by feeding the de novo genome assembly to ResFinder annotation tool prior to correlation analysis with MIC data. These procedures were performed during GEN, CLI and MIN susceptibility observation.Results: The aac(6')aph(2")+,spc+, ermA+,tetM+ MRSA strains were revealed to be predominant (42/92) of which were possessing GEN MIC >16 mg/L (40/42), CLI MIC >4 mg/L (26/42) and MIN MIC >8 mg/L MIN (30/42). This study also revealed the correlation of aac(6')aph(2") and GEN MIC (p<0.001), ermA and CLI MIC (p<0.001), and tetM and MIN MIC (p<0.001). Simultaneous detection of aac(6')aph(2")-spc-ermA-tetM was correlated with GEN MIC (φc= 0.398, p <0.001), CLI MIC (φc=0.448, p <0.001), and MIN MIC (φc= 0.515, p <0.001).Conclusions: This study showed correlation between the MIC and resistome of GEN, CLI and MIN in MRSA. The emerging NGS technology provides promising method in rapid detection of antibiotic resistance in MRSA thus feasible for infection control near in the future."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Peran root surface conditioning terhadap keberadaan smear layer.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara penggunaan root surface conditioning (minosiklin 2,1% dan EDTA 24%) terhadap keberadaan smear layer setelah penghalusan akar gigi. Metoda: Sepuluh gigi manusia yang dicabut akibat kelainan periodontal dan dilakukan penghalusan akar. Gigi dipotong pada daerahsepertiga servikal, dan 30 spesimen yang terbentuk dibagi dalam tiga kelompok.Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan terhadap tingkat keberadaan smear layer antara kelompok minosiklin maupun EDTA (p=0,759). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok minosiklin dan EDTA dengan salin sebagai kontrol (p=0,00). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara penggunaan root surface conditioning terhadap keberadaan smear layer.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer.;Background: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer., Background: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer.]"

"Tesis ini meneliti sintesa organoclay dengan menggunakan berbagai surfaktan,Alkyl Benzyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. Clay atau yang lebih dikenal dengan lempung yang berasal dari Garut, Tasikmalaya, Cibadak, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan dan Cina. Sifatnya yang khas seperti mampu mengembang diantara ruang galerinya, mampu mengalami pertukaran kation dan bersifat hydrophilic sangat menarik untuk diteliti. Perubahan dari hydrophilic menjadi hydrophobic akan sangat berguna didalam penelitian bahan - bahan baru pada jenis bahan - bahan masa depan.

---

This thesis studies organoclay synthesized using various surfactant, Alkyl Benzyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. Clay which is being known as "lempung" from Garut, Tasikmalaya, Cibadak, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan and China. Clay has swelling capability at inter gallery space, cation exchange ability and hydrophilic properties is very interesting to observe. Clay modification from hydrophilic into hydrophobic is very useful for materials research to discover future materials."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Minosiklin merupakan antibiotik dengan sifat bakteriostatikyang potensial mengeliminasi bakteri patogen periodontal. Kesembuhanperawatan periodontitis kronis umumnya ditunjukkan secara klinis danmikrobiologis. Tujuan: Menganalisis parameter klinis (penurunan kedalamanpoket dan indeks perdarahan gingiva, peningkatan perlekatan klinis) dan jumlahT. forsythia sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2%. Metode:Empat puluh dua subjek menerima aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2% sebanyakempat kali, kemudian dievaluasi parameter klinis dan T. forsythia dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaanbermakna dari parameter klinis dan T. forsythia antara pemeriksaan awal dankontrol bulan ke-6 (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara hubunganpenurunan indeks perdarahan gingiva dengan jumlah T. forsythia (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2% secara klinis dan mikrobiologisefektif dalam perawatan periodontitis kronis.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Minocycline is known as one of the antibiotics with greatbacteriostatic effect to eliminate periodontal pathogen. Healthier periodontalenvironment is usually shown with better clinical and microbiological response.Objective: To clinically and microbiologically (T. forsythia) analyze the effect ofMinocycline HCl 2% for treatment of chronic periodontitis within six months.Methods: Forty-two subjects applied with Minocyline HCl 2% for four times.Clinical and microbiological examinations were evaluated on baseline, month-2,month-3, and month-6. T. forsythia was examined with Real-Time PolymeraseChain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Result: There were significant differencesbetween Probing Pocket Depth, Papilla Bleeding Index, Clinical AttachmentLevel, and amount of T. forsythia in baseline compare to six months period(p<0.05). There was an association between the amount of T. forsythia and PapillaBleeding Index (p<0.05). Conclusion: Minocycline HCl 2% was effectiveclinically and microbiologically in chronic periodontitis therapy.;Background: Minocycline is known as one of the antibiotics with greatbacteriostatic effect to eliminate periodontal pathogen. Healthier periodontalenvironment is usually shown with better clinical and microbiological response.Objective: To clinically and microbiologically (T. forsythia) analyze the effect ofMinocycline HCl 2% for treatment of chronic periodontitis within six months.Methods: Forty-two subjects applied with Minocyline HCl 2% for four times.Clinical and microbiological examinations were evaluated on baseline, month-2,month-3, and month-6. T. forsythia was examined with Real-Time PolymeraseChain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Result: There were significant differencesbetween Probing Pocket Depth, Papilla Bleeding Index, Clinical AttachmentLevel, and amount of T. forsythia in baseline compare to six months period(p<0.05). There was an association between the amount of T. forsythia and PapillaBleeding Index (p<0.05). Conclusion: Minocycline HCl 2% was effectiveclinically and microbiologically in chronic periodontitis therapy., Background: Minocycline is known as one of the antibiotics with greatbacteriostatic effect to eliminate periodontal pathogen. Healthier periodontalenvironment is usually shown with better clinical and microbiological response.Objective: To clinically and microbiologically (T. forsythia) analyze the effect ofMinocycline HCl 2% for treatment of chronic periodontitis within six months.Methods: Forty-two subjects applied with Minocyline HCl 2% for four times.Clinical and microbiological examinations were evaluated on baseline, month-2,month-3, and month-6. T. forsythia was examined with Real-Time PolymeraseChain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Result: There were significant differencesbetween Probing Pocket Depth, Papilla Bleeding Index, Clinical AttachmentLevel, and amount of T. forsythia in baseline compare to six months period(p<0.05). There was an association between the amount of T. forsythia and PapillaBleeding Index (p<0.05). Conclusion: Minocycline HCl 2% was effectiveclinically and microbiologically in chronic periodontitis therapy.]"

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penyikatan pada permukaan email terhadap nilai kekasarannya setelah pemaparan gel theobromine 200 mg/L dengan durasi berbeda (8 menit, 16 menit, 32 menit) dan dengan pemaparan gel NaF 2% (16 menit), menggunakan Mitutoyo SJ 301, Jepang. Digunakan 24 spesimen gigi manusia premolar atas yang dibagi dalam empat kelompok. Analisa statistik dengan Kruskal Wallis dan Friedman menunjukkan penurunan nilai kekasaran pada semua spesimen setelah pemaparan gel theobromine dan peningkatan nilai kekasaran kembali setelah penyikatan. Nilai kekasaran kelompok gel theobromine (32 menit) setelah penyikatan masih lebih rendah daripada kekasaran awalnya.

---

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brushing on enamel surface roughness after different exposure times from 200 mg/L theobromine gel (8 minutes, 16 minutes, 32 minutes) and of 2% NaF gel (16 minutes), using Mitutoyo SJ 301, Japan. Twenty four specimens of human upper premolar teeth were used and divided into four groups. Kruskal Wallis dan Friedman tests showed a decrease in roughness values after theobromine gel exposure in all specimens and an increase in roughness values after brushing. Surface roughness values of theobromine gel exposure (32 minutes) after brushing were lower than initial roughness."

"Pendahuluan: Periodontitis disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan mikroorganisme pada sulkus gingiva yang menyebabkan inflamasi dan resorpsi tulang. Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dianggap menjadi spesies kunci dalam patogenesis penyakit periodontitis dengan mengganggu respon imun penjamu. Ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela telah terbukti memiliki khasiat antibakteri terhadap bakteri dalam rongga mulut. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pengembangan sediaan gel ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela untuk pemakaian dalam rongga mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas gel ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) terhadap bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Metode: Pada uji zona hambat, cakram kertas dipaparkan dengan gel ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela 10%,15%, 25%, kontrol positif serta kontrol negatif dan diletakkan di atas medium Mueller-Hinton Agar yang telah diinokulasi P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Inkubasi dilakukan selama 6 jam pada kondisi anaerob dengan suhu 37oC. Uji Total Plate Count dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah koloni P. gingivalis yang masih hidup setelah dipaparkan dengan gel ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela 10%,15%, 25%, kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif. Hasil: Gel ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela konsentrasi 15% dan 25% menunjukkan adanya zona hambat terhadap bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan penurunan koloni P. gingivalis yang signifikan. Kesimpulan : Gel ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap P. gingivalis secara in vitro.

---

ntroduction: Periodontitis is caused by microorganism dysbiosis in gingival sulcus that lead to tissue inflammation and bone loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered as a keystone species in the progression of periodontitis which altered host immune response and induced proinflammatory cytokine. Ethanolic roselle calyx extract has been proven as an antibacterial agent against oral pathogens. Thus, we develop ethanolic roselle calyx extract gel formulation for intraoral application to prevent periodontitis. Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic roselle calyx extract gel against P. gingivalis. Methods : In the disc-diffusion test, P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was cultivated on Mueller-Hinton Agar. Sterile paper disks were enriched with 10%, 15%, and 25% ethanolic roselle calyx extract gel, then were placed on the surface of agar and were incubated for 6 hours in anaerobic condition. In total plate count method, the viable bacteria colony were counted after exposure with 10%, 15%, and 25% ethanolic roselle calyx extract gel. Results: Ethanolic roselle calyx extract gel 15% and 25% showed an inhibition zone against P. gingivalis and significantly reduced the number of P. gingivalis colony in the total plate count test. Conclusion: Ethanolic roselle calyx extract gel have antibacterial properties against P. gingivalis."

"Latar Belakang: Poket periodontal merupakan karakteristik periodontitis. Scaling dan root planing merupakan standar emas untuk perawatan periodontitis. Antimikroba lokal tambahan direkomendasikan pada pasien dengan kedalaman probing ≥5 mm. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas klorheksidin dibandingkan dengan antimikroba lokal lainnya pada periodontitis. Metode: Pencarian dilakukan dengan menggunakan panduan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA). Meta-analisis dilakukan pada studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi setelah penilaian risiko bias. Hasil: Meta-analisis antara chip klorheksidin dan antimikroba lain menunjukkan perbedaan rata-rata kedalaman probing setelah satu bulan sebesar 0,58 mm (p<0,00001) sedangkan setelah tiga bulan perbedaan rata-rata kedalaman probing adalah 0,50 mm (p=0,001), indeks plak 0,01 (p=0,94) dan indeks gingiva -0,11 mm (p=0,02). Antara gel chlorhexidine dan antimikroba lainnya menunjukkan perbedaan rata-rata kedalaman probing 0,40 mm (p=0,30), indeks plak 0,20 mm (p=0,0008) dan indeks gingiva -0,04 mm (p=0,83) setelah satu bulan. Kesimpulan: Chip klorheksidin lebih efektif pada indeks gingiva dibandingkan antimikroba lainnya setelah tiga bulan. Antimikroba lainnya lebih efektif daripada chip klorheksidin pada kedalaman probing setelah satu dan tiga bulan, dan dari gel klorheksidin pada indeks plak setelah satu bulan.

---

Background: Periodontal pockets are characteristic of periodontitis. Scaling and root planing is the gold standard for periodontitis treatment. Additional local antimicrobials are recommended in patients with a probing depth of ≥5 mm.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of chlorhexidine compared to other local antimicrobials in periodontitis.

Method: Searches were conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed on studies that met inclusion criteria after risk of bias assessment.

Results: Meta-analysis between chlorhexidine chips and other antimicrobials showed a mean difference in probing depth after one month of 0.58 mm (p<0.00001) whereas after three months the mean difference in probing depth was 0.50 mm (p=0.001), index plaque 0.01 (p=0.94) and gingival index -0.11 mm (p=0.02). Between chlorhexidine gel and other antimicrobials showed a mean difference in probing depth of 0.40 mm (p=0.30), plaque index of 0.20 mm (p=0.0008) and gingival index of -0.04 mm (p=0.83) after one month.

Conclusion: Chlorhexidine chips were more effective on the gingival index than other antimicrobials after three months. The other antimicrobials were more effective than chlorhexidine chips on probing depth after one and three months, and than chlorhexidine gels on plaque index after one month."

"Injeksi PGE2 pada mukosa bukal bersamaan dengan tekanan ortodonti dapat mempercepat pergerakan gigi. Namun metode ini mempunyai kekurangan yaitu resorpsi tulang alveolar dan akar gigi yang besar serta rasa sakit. Gel digunakan sebagai media penghantar, menggantikan bentuk injeksi. Stabilitas PGE2 dalam gel, efek aplikasi gel PGE2 pada pergerakan gigi, konsentrasi RANKL pada GCF dan serum serta resorpsi tulang alveolar dan resorpsi akar gigi belum pernah diketahui. Penelitian ini eksperimental laboratorium in vitro untuk uji stabilitas gel PGE2 lyophillized dan in vivo pada Macaca fascicularis. Mukosa bukal kaninus kanan dioleskan gel PGE2, sedangkan kaninus kiri dioleskan gel tanpa PGE2, keduanya disertai tekanan ortodonti, pada awal, jam kedua dan keempat, selama dua menit. Pengolesan gel, pengukuran pergerakan gigi, pengambilan darah dan GCF, dilakukan setiap minggu. Macaca dieuthanasia, dinekropsi lalu dibuat sediaan histologi dan dievaluasi dengan TRAP. Gel PGE2 lyophillized tidak stabil, sehingga dibuat resenter paratus. Gel PGE2 dapat mempercepat pergerakan gigi 1,8 kali, RANKL dan resorpsi tulang alveolar lebih besar dari kontrol, serta resorpsi akar sama dengan kontrol. Gel PGE2 mempunyai prospek sebagai medikasi topikal untuk mempercepat pergerakan gigi ortodontik.

---

The injection of PGE2 on buccal mucosa along with orthodontic force could accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Nevertheless, this method also has adverse effects such as pain, over resorption of the alveolar bone and root structure. PGE2 gel to substitute the necessity of injection. Hence, the effect of PGE2 gel on the rate of tooth movement and RANKL concentration in GCF and blood serum also alveolar bone and root resorption is yet to be determined.

This study was an experimental laboratory in vitro to know the stability of PGE2 gel lyophillized and in vivo in Macaca fascicularis. PGE2 gel was applied on buccal mucosa of right canine along with orthodontic force and non- PGE2 gel on left canine on beginning, second, and fourth hour each for two minutes. Gel application, tooth movement measurement, blood sample, and GCF were done every week. Macaca euthanized, and made histology ​​ and evaluated by TRAP. PGE2 gel was made resenter paratus due to instability.

Results showed that PGE2 gel enhanced tooth movement 1.8 times, RANKL and alveolar bone resorption were greater than control and root resorption was similar to control. PGE2 gel had a good prospect as topical medication to enhance tooth movement in orthodontics."

"Enterococcus faecalis adalah bakteri yang paling dominan pada kasus infeksi pasca perawatan endodontik. Telah diteliti aktivitas fenotipnya (kemampuan membentuk biofilm dan Gel E serta viabilitasnya terhadap NaOCL dan khlorheksidin) dan profil genotipnya. Ternyata tidak ada perbedaan aktivitas Gel E E. faecalis saluran akar dan saliva pasien pra dan pasca perawatan. Dalam membentuk biofilm, kemampuan E. faecalis saluran akar pra-perawatan lebih kuat daripada pasca-perawatan, sedangkan kemampuan E. faecalis saliva tidak berbeda. Viabilitas E. faecalis menurun jika kadar NaOCl dan khlorheksidin meningkat; 30 menit adalah waktu inkubasi efektif. Terdapat keragaman profil genotip antara E. faecalis saliva dan saluran akar, pra dan pasca perawatan.

---

Enterococcus faecalis is strong dominance bacteria in post treatment endodontic disease. Its phenotype activity (its ability to produce biofilms and Gel E also its viability to NaOCL and chlorexidine) and its genotype profile has been observed. It turns out that there?s no difference in E. faecalis Gel E activity of root canal and saliva from pre- nor post-endodontic treated patients. In producing biofilms, the ability of E. faecalis pre-endodontic treated root canal was stronger than the postendodontic treated root canal, while the ability of E. faecalis from saliva have no difference. The viability of E. faecalis decline if the concentration of NaOCl and chlorexidine were increasing; the effective incubation time was 30 minutes. There?s various genotype profile between E. faecalis of saliva and root canal either pre- or post-endodontic treatment."