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"[ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh political connections, corporate governance, dan blockholders ownership terhadap corporate cash holdings sebagai proxy dari agency problem. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan data panel dari 141 data observasi pada periode 2005, 2008 dan 2011 di Indonesia. Political connections diukur menggunakan variabel dummy. Perusahaan diidentifikasi memiliki political connections apabila terdapat setidaknya satu pemegang saham besar atau top officers yang menjadi anggota parlemen, menteri, atau menjalin hubungan dekat dengan politikus terkemuka atau partai. Corporate governance diukur menggunakan Corporate Governance Index dari Indonesian Institute for Corporate Directorship. Blockholders ownership diukur menggunakan variabel continuous berupa jumlah kepemilikan saham serta menggunakan variabel dummy yang merupakan pengelompokan untuk kepemilikan blockholders rendah, moderat, dan tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa political connections dan corporate governance terbukti berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap corporate cash holdings. Keberadaan hubungan politis pada perusahaan dapat meminimalkan agency problem karena para politisi yang terlibat dalam perusahaan memanfaatkan jabatan dan kekuatan politiknya untuk keuntungan perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga memperkuat argumen bahwa implementasi corporate governance yang baik dapat meminimalkan agency problem dalam perusahaan. Blockholders ownership tidak terbukti signifikan berpengaruh terhadap corporate cash holdings baik secara linier maupun non linier. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena definisi blockholders yang kurang mencerminkan kepemilikan yang spesifik.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of political connections,corporate governance, and blockholders ownership on corporate cash holdings asa proxy of agency problems. The study was conducted using panel data from 141firm year observation during 2005, 2008 and 2011 in Indonesia. Politicalconnections are measured by using dummy variables. A company identified aspolitically connected firm if there is at least one large shareholder or top officerswho are members of parliament, ministers, or a particularly close relationshipwith known politicians or parties. Corporate governance is measured usingCorporate Governance Index. Blockholders ownership is measured by using acontinuous variable (percentage of shares owned) and dummy variables (groupingof low, moderate, and high ownership). The results show that politicalconnections and corporate governance have significant negative effect oncorporate cash holdings. The existence of political relations in the company canminimize firm?s agency problems because the politicians involved in the companyabusing their political power for firm?s advantage. This study also reinforcesargument that the implementation of good corporate governance can minimizefirm?s agency problems. The impact of blockholders ownership on corporate cashholdings both linear and non linear is not significantly proven.;The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of political connections,corporate governance, and blockholders ownership on corporate cash holdings asa proxy of agency problems. The study was conducted using panel data from 141firm year observation during 2005, 2008 and 2011 in Indonesia. Politicalconnections are measured by using dummy variables. A company identified aspolitically connected firm if there is at least one large shareholder or top officerswho are members of parliament, ministers, or a particularly close relationshipwith known politicians or parties. Corporate governance is measured usingCorporate Governance Index. Blockholders ownership is measured by using acontinuous variable (percentage of shares owned) and dummy variables (groupingof low, moderate, and high ownership). The results show that politicalconnections and corporate governance have significant negative effect oncorporate cash holdings. The existence of political relations in the company canminimize firm?s agency problems because the politicians involved in the companyabusing their political power for firm?s advantage. This study also reinforcesargument that the implementation of good corporate governance can minimizefirm?s agency problems. The impact of blockholders ownership on corporate cashholdings both linear and non linear is not significantly proven.;The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of political connections,corporate governance, and blockholders ownership on corporate cash holdings asa proxy of agency problems. The study was conducted using panel data from 141firm year observation during 2005, 2008 and 2011 in Indonesia. Politicalconnections are measured by using dummy variables. A company identified aspolitically connected firm if there is at least one large shareholder or top officerswho are members of parliament, ministers, or a particularly close relationshipwith known politicians or parties. Corporate governance is measured usingCorporate Governance Index. Blockholders ownership is measured by using acontinuous variable (percentage of shares owned) and dummy variables (groupingof low, moderate, and high ownership). The results show that politicalconnections and corporate governance have significant negative effect oncorporate cash holdings. The existence of political relations in the company canminimize firm?s agency problems because the politicians involved in the companyabusing their political power for firm?s advantage. This study also reinforcesargument that the implementation of good corporate governance can minimizefirm?s agency problems. The impact of blockholders ownership on corporate cashholdings both linear and non linear is not significantly proven.;The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of political connections,corporate governance, and blockholders ownership on corporate cash holdings asa proxy of agency problems. The study was conducted using panel data from 141firm year observation during 2005, 2008 and 2011 in Indonesia. Politicalconnections are measured by using dummy variables. A company identified aspolitically connected firm if there is at least one large shareholder or top officerswho are members of parliament, ministers, or a particularly close relationshipwith known politicians or parties. Corporate governance is measured usingCorporate Governance Index. Blockholders ownership is measured by using acontinuous variable (percentage of shares owned) and dummy variables (groupingof low, moderate, and high ownership). The results show that politicalconnections and corporate governance have significant negative effect oncorporate cash holdings. The existence of political relations in the company canminimize firm?s agency problems because the politicians involved in the companyabusing their political power for firm?s advantage. This study also reinforcesargument that the implementation of good corporate governance can minimizefirm?s agency problems. The impact of blockholders ownership on corporate cashholdings both linear and non linear is not significantly proven.;The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of political connections,corporate governance, and blockholders ownership on corporate cash holdings asa proxy of agency problems. The study was conducted using panel data from 141firm year observation during 2005, 2008 and 2011 in Indonesia. Politicalconnections are measured by using dummy variables. A company identified aspolitically connected firm if there is at least one large shareholder or top officerswho are members of parliament, ministers, or a particularly close relationshipwith known politicians or parties. Corporate governance is measured usingCorporate Governance Index. Blockholders ownership is measured by using acontinuous variable (percentage of shares owned) and dummy variables (groupingof low, moderate, and high ownership). The results show that politicalconnections and corporate governance have significant negative effect oncorporate cash holdings. The existence of political relations in the company canminimize firm’s agency problems because the politicians involved in the companyabusing their political power for firm’s advantage. This study also reinforcesargument that the implementation of good corporate governance can minimizefirm’s agency problems. The impact of blockholders ownership on corporate cashholdings both linear and non linear is not significantly proven., The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of political connections,corporate governance, and blockholders ownership on corporate cash holdings asa proxy of agency problems. The study was conducted using panel data from 141firm year observation during 2005, 2008 and 2011 in Indonesia. Politicalconnections are measured by using dummy variables. A company identified aspolitically connected firm if there is at least one large shareholder or top officerswho are members of parliament, ministers, or a particularly close relationshipwith known politicians or parties. Corporate governance is measured usingCorporate Governance Index. Blockholders ownership is measured by using acontinuous variable (percentage of shares owned) and dummy variables (groupingof low, moderate, and high ownership). The results show that politicalconnections and corporate governance have significant negative effect oncorporate cash holdings. The existence of political relations in the company canminimize firm’s agency problems because the politicians involved in the companyabusing their political power for firm’s advantage. This study also reinforcesargument that the implementation of good corporate governance can minimizefirm’s agency problems. The impact of blockholders ownership on corporate cashholdings both linear and non linear is not significantly proven.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh corporate governance terhadap cash holdings dan firm value. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji analisis Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah ukuran dewan direksi, komisaris independen, dan kepemilikan manajerial, sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah cash holdings yang diproksikan dengan logaritma natural dari total kas pada penutupan akhir tahun dan firm value yang diproksikan dengan perhitungan Tobin's Q. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel sejumlah 1314 observasi dari sampel perusahaan non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2007-2012.Hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ukuran dewan direksi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap cash holdings, (2) komisaris independen dan kepemilikan manajerial tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap cash holdings, (3) ukuran dewan direksi tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap firm value, (4) komisaris independen dan kepemilikan manajerial memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap firm value.

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The main objective of this research is to analyze the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on cash holdings and firm value. This research is analyze with Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The Independence variables in this research are the board size, board independence, and insider ownership, for the dependent variables are cash holdings that proxied by log of year end total cash and firm value that proxied by Tobin's Q. This study use a panel data sample of 1314 observations listed non financial firms in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the periode 2007-2012.

The results showed that: (1) board size have significant effect on cash holdings, (2) board independence and insider ownership doesn't have significant effect on cash holdings, (3) board size doesn't have significant effect on firm value, (4) board independence and insider ownership have significant effect on firm value."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari corporate governance terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan menggunakan cash holding sebagai variable intervening-nya. Adapun unsur corporate governance yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah proporsi komisaris independen, kepemilikan institusional, dan kepemilikan keluarga. Sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode tahun 2010-2014. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa mekanisme corporate governance melalui proporsi jumlah anggota komisaris independen secara signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kepemilikan institusional memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kepemilikan keluarga tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kepemilikan institusional memiliki pengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap cash holding.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance on firm value with using cash holdings as its intervening variable. Elements of corporate governance used in this study are proportion of independent commissioner, institutional ownership, and family ownership. The samples used are the manufacturing firms listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange for period 2010 2014. The results of this study show that corporate governance mechanism that is the proportion of independent commissioner significantly has positive effect on firm value. Institutional ownership is found to have negative effect on firm value, while family ownership has no effect on firm value. The results also suggest that institutional ownership significantly has negative effect on cash holding."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek entrenchment dan alignment pemegang saham pengendali akhir terhadap kebijakan dividen kas serta efek moderasi kepemilikan keluarga dan mekanisme corporate governance (CG) terhadap pengaruh entrenchment effect pada kebijakan dividen kas. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa perusahaan dengan pemisahan hak kendali dan hak arus kas yang besar menimbulkan adanya insentif ekspropriasi yang memicu entrenchment effect berupa konflik keagenan yang serius antara pemegang saham pengendali akhir dengan pemegang saham non pengendali sehingga berdampak pada pembagian dividen kas yang rendah. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2006 - 2008. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kenaikan rasio hak arus kas meningkatkan alignment effect yang mendorong perusahaan membagikan dividen kas yang lebih tinggi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan efek entrenchment effect tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen kas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kepemilikan keluarga memberikan pengaruh yang dapat memperlemah efek negatif entrenchment pada dividen kas, sedangkan mekanisme CG pada perusahaan ternyata belum dapat melindungi pemegang saham non pengendali dari tindakan ekspropriasi."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh Corporate Governance, kepemilikan keluarga dan umur perusahaan terhadap Corporate Social Performance baik dimensi environment, dimensi product quality maupun dimensi community relations. Penelitian ini juga ingin menguji pengaruh Financial Performance terhadap asosiasi Corporate Governance dengan Corporate Social Performance. Corporate Governance dinilai berdasarkan indeks yang dikeluarkan oleh Indonesian Institute for Corporate Directorship (IICD), sedangkan untuk Corporate Social Performance menggunakan kriteria pernilaian yang digunakan oleh Greening dan Turban (2000) dimana pengukuranny berdasarkan dimensi yang digunakan lembaga KLD (Kinder,Lydenberg and Domini). Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan model regresi logistik dan sampel sebanyak 239 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama tahun 2008. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa corporate governance memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap probabilita high corporate social performance baik dimensi environment, dimensi product quality maupun dimensi community relations. Kepemilikan keluarga memiliki pengaruh positif walaupun lemah terhadap probabilita high corporate social performance dimensi product quality sedangkan umur perusahaan memiliki pengaruh positif walaupun lemah terhadap probabilita high corporate social performance dimensi environment dan dimensi product quality. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa financial performance tidak memperkuat hubungan corporate governance dengan probabilita sebuah perusahaan memiliki high corporate social performance baik dimensi environment, dimensi product quality maupun dimensi community relations.

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This research aims to determine whether corporate governance, family ownership, and firm age influence corporate social performance in environment dimension, product quality dimension, and community relations. In addition, this research also would like to know the effect of financial performance on the association between corporate governance and corporate social performance. Corporate governance viewed by an index issued by Indonesian Institute for Corporate Directorship (IICD), while corporate social performance is measured by KLD?s criteria that used by Greening and Turban (2000).

Hypothesis testing used logistic regression with sample of 239 companies that are listed at Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008. These result indicate that companies with good corporate governance will have bigger probability getting high corporate social erformance in those dimensions. Family ownership has weak influence on corporate social performance in product quality dimension and firm age also has weak influence on corporate social performance in product quality dimension and community relations dimension. Yet, financial performance is proven that there is no influence of financial performance to the association between corporate governance and corporate social performance."

"Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Corporate governance performance index sebagai gambaran pelaksanaan Corporate governance dan Konsentrasi kepemilikan perusahaan terhadap efisiensi investasi. Sebagai proksi over-investment dan under-investment menggunakan tingkat kas dan hutang perusahaan, dimana perusahaan dengan kas yang besar berpeluang over-investment, jika perusahaan dengan hutang yang besar berpeluang untuk underinvestment.Dengan menggunakan data yang bersumber dari perusahaan ? perusahaan yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia serta hasil penelitian CGPI dalam kurun waktu 2007 ? 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa corporate governance performance index tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap efisiensi investasi perusahaan, sedangkan struktur kepemilikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap efisiensi investasi.Untuk penelitian selanjutnya agar menilai corporate governance dari aspek lainnya seperti Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Disclosure serta aspek lainnya, agar terlihat aspek mana yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan investasi.

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This study aims to analyze the influence of corporate governance performance index as a picture of the implementation of corporate governance and corporate ownership concentration on investment efficiency. As a proxy for over-investment and under-investment using cash and debt levels of companies, where companies with large cash over-investment opportunity, if firms with large debt likely to underinvestment.

By using data sourced from listing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the CGPI research results in the period 2007 to 2010. The results showed that the corporate governance performance index has no influence on the efficiency of corporate investment, while the ownership structure has an influence on the efficiency of investment.

For further research to assess other aspects of corporate governance such as Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Disclosure, and other aspects, in order to see which aspects that influence the investment decision."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan good corporate governance dan struktur kepemilikan dapat mempengaruhi risiko aset dalam bank di Indonesia. Good corporate governance dinilai berdasarkan skor corporate governance berdasarkan kriteria yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia yang telah dibuat oleh penelitian sebelumnya yaitu penelitian Mahdan (2010), sedangkan untuk struktur kepemilikan dibedakan menjadi tiga, yaitu kepemilikan pemerintah, swasta, dan asing. Kepemilikan yang berbeda memungkinkan adanya perbedaan pengelolaan risiko pada masing-masing bank. Pengujian hipotesis dengan model regresi linear berganda yang menggunakan observasi sebanyak 223 observasi (firm year) yang terdaftar di Bank Indonesia selama tahun 2008 hingga 2011.Hasilnya penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa good corporate governance tidak berpengaruh terhadap asset risk bank yang diproksikan dalam standard deviasi return on asset dan non performing loan. Namun struktur kepemilikan swasta memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap standard deviasi return on asset dan non performing loan, sedangkan untuk kepemilikan asing tidak berpengaruh terhadap standard deviasi return on asset dan non performing loan.

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The study aims to determine the application of good corporate governance and ownership structures can affect the risk of bank assets in Indonesia. Good corporate governance were evaluated according to corporate governance based on the criteria stipulated by Bank Indonesia have been made by previous research studies Mahdan (2010), whereas for the ownership structure is divided into three, namely government ownership, private, and foreign. Different ownership allows for differences in risk management at each bank. Hypothesis testing with multiple linear regression model that uses as many as 223 observations (firm year) are listed in the Bank Indonesia during 2008 to 2011.

The result of this study suggest that good corporate governance does not affect the bank asset risk in standard deviation of return on assets and non performing loans. But private ownership structure has a negative effect on the standard deviation of return on assets and non performing loans, while foreign ownership does not affect standard deviation of return on assets and non performing loans."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dan hubungan Corporate Governance dan Kepemilikan Bank terhadap Kinerja Perbankan periode 2008-2011. Dalam penelitian ini kinerja perbankan diukur menggunakan rasio rentabilitas (profitability) yaitu Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Asset (ROA), dan Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO). Industri Perbankan merupakan sektor yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pengelolaan perbankan yang baik dalam mendukung usaha perbankan. Hal ini dapat diwujudkan melalui pelaksanaan corporate governance dalam industri perbankan. Pelaksanaan good corporate governance pada industri perbankan sangat diperlukan untuk membangun kepercayaan masyarakat dan dunia internasional agar dapat berkembang dengan baik dan sehat. Mengiat sektor perbankan yang memiliki ciri khusus dibandingkan dengan sektor lainnya, maka diperlukan pendekatan-pendekatan yang spesifik dalam penerapan good corporate governance (GCG). Dalam penelitian ini, pelaksanaan corporate governance diukur menggunakan self assessment berupa nilai komposit masing-masing bank dan Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). Sesuai dengan data Bank Indonesia, bank di Indonesia dibagi kepemilikannya menjadi kepemilikan swasta, pemerintah, pemerintah daerah dan asing. Dengan adanya kepemilikan yang berbeda pada masing-masing bank maka akan memberikan kinerja yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi berganda dengan 37 sampel berupa bank yang diambil dari data Bank Indonesia pada periode penelitian 2008-2011.

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The objective of this research are to analyze the effects and relations of Corporate Governance and Bank?s Ownership toward bank?s performance period 2008-2011. In this study the performance of banking firms is measured using Ratio of Rentability (Profitability) are Return on Equity, Return on Asset and Operating Expense Operating Income (BOPO). Banking Industry is very impotant sector for national economy growth. Therefore we need a good management of banking institution in support of the banking business. this can be realized through the implementation of corporate governance in the banking industry. The implementation of good corporate governance in the banking industry is needed to establish public trust and the international community in order to develop properly and healthy. Given banking sector has special characteristics compared with other sectors, it would require specific approaches in the implementation of good corporate governance (GCG). In this study, the implementation of corporate governance is measured using a self-assessment form a composite score of each bank and the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). In accordance with data from Bank Indonesia, Bank Indonesia's shared ownership to private ownership, government, and foreign governments. With the different ownership of each bank it will give a different performance. This study uses multiple regression model with 37 samples taken from the bank in the form of data from Bank Indonesia in the study period 2008-2011."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bukti empiris mengenai dampak dari tata kelola perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba dan penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan publik. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah perusahaan listed yang terdaftar pada BEI kecuali perusahaan keuangan, real estate, dan telekomunikasi untuk manajemen laba sedangkan penghindaran pajak kecuali perusahaan keuangan dan effective tax rate yang bernilai positif serta tidak lebih dari 1. Untuk menguji hubungan tata kelola perusahaan dengan manajemen laba, peneliti menggunakan variabel discretionary accruals, sedangkan untuk penghindaran pajak peneliti menggunakan variabel effective tax rate. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola perusahaan yang baik secara negatif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba, kecuali jumlah rapat komite audit, kepemilikan institusional, persentase dewan komisaris independen berpengaruh postif, sedangkan untuk penghindaran pajak jumlah rapat komite audit, jumlah dewan komisaris, dan persenatase dewan komisaris independen berpengaruh positif. Sementara untuk komponen tata kelola perusahaan jumlah rapat komite audit dan jumlah dewan komisaris tidak berpengaruh untuk manajemen laba, dan untuk penghindaran pajak komponen kepemilikan institusional, jumlah komite audit dan jumlah komite audit yang memiliki latar belakang keuangan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan.

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This study aims to find empirical evidence regarding the impact of Corporate Governance to Earnings Management and Tax Avoidance . The scope of this study is listed companies on BEI except for financial, real estate, and telecomunication companies for earnings management, while tax avoidance except for financial companies. To test the relationship of corporate governance with earnings management, the researcher uses discretionary accruals variable, while for tax avoidance the researcher use variable effective tax rate. The results show that good corporate governance negatively significant affects earnings management, unless institutional ownership, percentage of independent board commissioners, and number of audit committee meetings have positively affects, while for tax avoidance the number of audit committee meetings, boards of commissioners, and percentage of independent board commissioners have positive affects. While for corporate governance components the number of committee audit meetings, and board of commissioners has no effect on earnings management, also for the tax avoidance component number of audit committee, institutional ownership, and the audit commite that have financial expertise doesn’t have a significant effect."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga terhadap komposisi anggota dewan komisaris dan direksi yang terafiliasi dengan keluarga serta pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga dan hubungan politik perusahaan terhadap penerapan tata kelola perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 75 perusahaan terbuka di luar sektor keuangan yang memiliki nilai indeks ASEAN CG Scorecard dari Indonesian Institute of Corporate Directorship (IICD) pada tahun 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perusahaan dengan kepemilikan keluarga meningkatkan komposisi dewan komisaris dan dewan direksi terafiliasi dengan keluarga. Kepemilikan keluarga juga memberikan pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap penerapan tata kelola perusahaan. Namun, hubungan politik perusahaan tidak terbukti secara empiris berpengaruh negatif terhadap penerapan tata kelola perusahaan.

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The objective of this study is to examine the effect of family ownership to family aligned board and the effect of family ownership and political connection to the implementation of corporate governance. This study conducted to 75 public firms outside the financial sector, which have ASEAN CG Scorecard Index from Indonesian Institute for Corporate Directorship (IICD). The empirical results give evidence that family ownership increase the firms family aligned board. Family ownership give negative and significant effect to the firms? corporate governance practive. However, Political connection is not proved have significant negative effect to the firms? coporate governance practice."