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"Latar Belakang: Enterococcus faecalis merupakan penyebab infeksi persisten pasca perawatan saluran akar. Terdapat bahan disinfeksi baru yang efektif terhadap biofilm E.faecalis. Tujuan: Menganalisis daya antibakteri fotodinamik dengan biru toluidin terhadap biofilm Enterococcus faecalis. Metode: Fotodinamik dengan biru toluidin, NaOCl 2,5%, CHX dan kontrol dipaparkan pada biofilm E.faecalis. Jumlah E.faecalis yang hidup dilihat dengan menggunakan Real-time PCR. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna diantara bahan uji dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara biru toluidin dengan sinar dan NaOCl 2,5%. Kesimpulan: Fotodinamik dengan biru toluidin mempunyai daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis.

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Background: E.faecalis is known as a persistent bacteria in root canal after endodontic treatment. A new antibacterial agent was introduced to be effective againts E.faecalis biofilm.

Aim: To analyze antibacterial efficacy of photodynamic using toluidine blue againts E. faecalis biofilm.

Methods: Photodynamic using toluidine blue, naocl 2.5%, chx and control groups were exposed to e faecalis biofilm. The number of viable E. faecalis was determined by using real-time PCR.

Result: There were significant differences statistically between all antibacterial groups tested and control groups. But there was no significant differences statistically between photodynamic group and NaOCl 2,5%, CHX 2% group.

Conclusion: Photodynamic using toluidine blue was effective againts E. faecalis biofilm."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Enterococcus Faecalis merupakan bakteri yang sering ditemukan pada kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. Hal ini berhubungan dengan sifat resistensi dari E.faecalis terhadap antibakteri. Klorheksidin 2 % merupakan bahan irigasi yang terbukti efektif dalam menghilangkan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis), akan tetapi klorheksidin memiliki toksisitas terhadap sel tertentu. Teh hijau merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang banyak dikonsumsi di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Ekstrak teh hijau terbukti memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis. Namun belum banyak penelitian yang meneliti daya antibakteri dari ekstrak teh hijau dan klorheksidin 2% terhadap E.faecalis dalam biofilm dengan menggunakan metode Real-time PCR. Tujuan: Membandingkan daya antibakteri ekstrak teh hijaudengan klorheksidin 2 % terhadapEnterococcus faecalisdalam biofilm. Metode: koloni E. faecalis ATCC 29212 di kumpulkan dengan loop dari biakan 1 malam E.faecalis di BHI agar, lalu dimasukkan kedalam 10 ml saline steril. Densitas dari suspensi di standarisasi dengan 0.5 McFarland untuk mendapatkan jumlah 10 8 CFU/ml. 50 μl suspensi bakteri diokulasi pada membran filter nitrat selulosa yang diletakkan pada permukaan agar lalu inkubasi selama 3 hari untuk membentuk biofilm, Larutanekstrak teh hijau, CHX 2 % dan kontrol dimasukkan kedalam tabung uji. biofilmE. faecalisdi membran nitrat selulosa dimasukkan ke dalam tabung uji dan paparkan masing masing bahan uji. Semua tabung lalu dimasukkan ke dalam inkubator dengan suhu 37 °C selama 10 menit. Kemudian dilakukan penghitungan jumlah E.faecalis yang hidup dengan menggunakan Real-time PCR.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermaknadiantara kelompok ekstrak teh hijau, klorheksidin 2 %,dan kontrol. Kesimpulan:Esktrak teh hijau memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis dalam biofilm, namun tidak seefektif klorheksidin 2%.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Enterococcus faecalis is most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. This is due with resistency of E. faecalis to antimicrobial agent. 2% chlorhexidin is proven to be effecive against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis). However chlorhexidin is known to have toxicity againts several particular cells. Green tea is one of the most widely narutal comsumed beverage in the world, also in Indonesia. Green tea extract is proven to have antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis,but not many research has investigated green tea extract and chlorhexidin 2% antibacterial efficacy againtsE.faecalis biofilm by using real-time PCR method. Aim. To compare antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract solution with chlorhexidin 2 % againts E.faecalis biofilm.Methods : E. faecalis ATCC 29212 colonies collected from overnight culture of bacterial grown on BHI agar plate. The density of the suspension was standardized by comparison with 0,5 Mcfarland Standar to give an approximate count of 108 CFU/ml. Aliquos (50μl) bacterial suspension were then inoculated on steril disks place on the surface of BHI agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 h aerobically. After 72 h of incubation, the discs were removed and transferred into 10 ml PBS to loose attached bacterial. Then the disks were transferred to 10 ml of green tea extract solution, chlorhexidin 2% and PBS steril as control then exposed for 10 minutes in an aerobic incubator at 37 °C.thenall living E. faecalis cells was quantified by using Real-time PCR methods.Results : There were significant differences statistically between green tea extract, chlorhexidin 2 % and control groups.Conclusion.Green tea extract was effective againts E.faecalis biofilm butnot as effective as chlorhexidin 2%., Background:Enterococcus faecalis is most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. This is due with resistency of E. faecalis to antimicrobial agent. 2% chlorhexidin is proven to be effecive against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis). However chlorhexidin is known to have toxicity againts several particular cells. Green tea is one of the most widely narutal comsumed beverage in the world, also in Indonesia. Green tea extract is proven to have antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis,but not many research has investigated green tea extract and chlorhexidin 2% antibacterial efficacy againtsE.faecalis biofilm by using real-time PCR method.Aim.To compare antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract solution with chlorhexidin 2 % againts E.faecalis biofilm.Methods :E. faecalis ATCC 29212 colonies collected from overnight culture of bacterial grown on BHI agar plate. The density of the suspension was standardized by comparison with 0,5 Mcfarland Standar to give an approximate count of 108 CFU/ml. Aliquos (50μl) bacterial suspension were then inoculated on steril disks place on the surface of BHI agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 h aerobically. After 72 h of incubation, the discs were removed and transferred into 10 ml PBS to loose attached bacterial. Then the disks were transferred to 10 ml of green tea extract solution, chlorhexidin 2% and PBS steril as control then exposed for 10 minutes in an aerobic incubator at 37 °C.thenall living E. faecalis cells was quantified by using Real-time PCR methods.Results. There were significant differences statistically between green tea extract, chlorhexidin 2 % and control groups.Conclusion.Green tea extract was effective againts E.faecalis biofilm butnot as effective as chlorhexidin 2%.]"

"Latar belakang: Kegagalan perawatan saluran akar dapat disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme yang resisten. E.faecalis merupakan bakteri resisten dengan prevalensi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. E.faecalis dapat membentuk biofilm di dalam saluran akar sehingga 1000 kali lebih resisten terhadap fagositosis, antibodi, dan antimikroba dibandingkan dalam bentuk planktonik. Diperlukan larutan irigasi dari bahan alami atau herbal, yang efektif membuhun E.faecalis untuk menghindari efek samping yang diakibatkan oleh bahan irigasi sintetik. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek antibakteri Xanthorrhizol yang berasal dari Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb terhadap biofilm Enterococcus faecalis isolat klinis. Metode: Dilakukan uji hitung koloni dan MTT Assay untuk menilai persentase eradikasi E.faecalis setelah pemaparan xanthorrhizol dengan berbagai konsentrasi (0,5%, 0,75%, 1%, 1,25%, dan 1,5%) serta CHX 2% sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA dan uji Post-Hoc Bonferroni untuk melihat perbedaan antar kelompok. Xanthorrhizol konsentrasi 0,5%, 0,75%, 1%, 1,25%, dan 1,5% mampu menurunkan jumlah biofilm E.faecalis isolat klinis. Xanthorrhizol konsentrasi 1% secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna dengan CHX 2% dalam kemampuannya sebagai antibakteri E.faecalis (p>0,05) namun berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok 0,5%, 0,75%, 1,25%, dan 1,5% (p>0,05) dengan nilai eradikasi E.faecalis lebih rendah. Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa xanthorrhizol efektif sebagai antibakteri terhadap biofilm E.faecalis.

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Background: Failure of root canal treatment can be caused by resistant microorganisms. E.faecalis is the most prevalent resistant bacterium found in root canal treatment failure. E.faecalis can form biofilms inside root canal so that it is 1000 times more resistant toward phagocytosis, antibodies, and antimicrobials than when it is in its planktonic form. An irrigation solution made from natural or herbal ingredients, which effectively kills E.faecalis is needed to avoid side effects caused by synthetic irrigation materials.

Objective: To analyze the antibacterial effect of xanthorrhizol derived from Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb on clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

Method: Colony count and MTT Assay were performed to assess the percentage of E.faecalis eradication after exposure to xanthorrhizol with various concentrations (0,5%, 0,75%, 1%, 1,25%, and 1,5%) and CHX 2% as a positive control.

Results: Data analysis used One-Way ANOVA test and Bonferroni Post-Hoc test to see differences between groups. Xanthorrhizol concentrations of 0,5%, 0,75%, 1%, 1,25%, and 1,5% were able to reduce the number of clinical isolates of E.faecalis biofilms. Xanthorrhizol 1% concentration was not statistically significantly different from 2% CHX in its ability as an antibacterial to E.faecalis biofilm (p>0,05) but was significantly different from groups of 0,5%, 0,75%, 1,25%, and 1,5% (p>0,05) with lower E.faecalis eradication values.

Conclusion: From the study results, can be concluded that xanthorrhizol is effective as an antibacterial against E.faecalis biofilms."

"Metode paling efektif eliminasi E. faecalis adalah kombinasi NaOCl, EDTA, dan CHX.Namun penelitian menunjukkan presipitasi mengandung para-chloroaniline (PCA) akibat reaksi NaOCl dengan CHX.Oleh karena itu alexidine (ALX) diteliti sebagai alternatif irigan CHX Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan daya antibakteri ALX 2% dan CHX 2% terhadap biofilm E. faecalis.Biofilm E. faecalis ATCC 29212 pada membran selulosa nitrat dipapar ALX 2% dan CHX 2%.Sebelum tahap real-time PCR ditambahkan PMA (100 um). Jumlah bakteri hidup lebih rendah secara signifikan pada CHX 2% dibandingkan ALX 2% dan kontrol (P ≤ 0,05). Hasilnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa daya antibakteri ALX 2% lebih rendah dibandingkan CHX 2%.

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Most effective methods to eliminate E. faecalis is combination NaOCl, EDTA, and CHX. However studies reported formation para-chloroaniline (PCA) after a reaction of NaOCl and CHX. Therefore Alexidine was studied to be a possible replacement of CHX. Objective of this studies is to evaluate antibacterial efficacy of ALX 2% and CHX 2% against E. faecalis biofilm. Membrane cellulose nitrat containing biofilm E. faecalis ATCC 29212 transferred to each antimicrobial. Before qPCR, PMA was added (100 um). Significantly fewer live bacteria in 2% CHX than 2% ALX and control group (P ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that antibacterial effect ALX 2% is lower than 2% CHX against biofilm E. faecalis."

"Latar Belakang : Enterococcus faecalis merupakan bakteri yang mampu membentuk biofilm dan banyak ditemukan pada kasus kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. Tujuan : Melihat daya antibakteri kitosan dan klorheksidin terhadap E. faecalis dalam biofilm. Metode : Deteksi dan kuantifikasi E. faecalis dalam biofilm yang hidup pasca pemaparan bahan uji, dengan real time PCR. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan jumlah bakteri yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok bahan uji terhadap kontrol (p ≤ 0,05), tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kitosan dan klorheksidin. Kesimpulan : Daya antibakteri kitosan 2% terhadap biofilm E. faecalis sebanding dengan klorheksidin 2%.

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Background : Enterococcus faecalis has an ability to form biofilms and become a predominant bacteria that plays a major role in the etiology of persistent lesions after root canal treatment.

Aim : To analyze the efficacy of chitosan and chlorhexidine against E. faecalis in biofilms.

Methods : Detection and quantification of E. faecalis DNA that survive and live after immersing the biofilm in antibacterial solution, with real time PCR.

Result : Statistically there is significant difference of living E. faecalis between chitosan and control and between 2% chlorhexidine and control (p ≤0,05). But there is no significant different between chitosan and chlorhexidine (p>0,05).

Conclusion : Antibacterial effectivity of chitosan is equal to chlorhexidine against E. faecalis in biofilm."

"Latar belakang: Jeruk memiliki khasiat untuk kesehatan karena megandung vitamin, antioksidan, dan senyawa lain. Jeruk purut (Citrus Hystrix) merupakan jenis jeruk yang memiliki senyawa fenol yang tinggi. Jeruk purut memilki potensi antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif. Daun jeruk purut mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoids, fenolik, tannin dan minyak esensial. Pada fase vegetative, kandungan flavonoid jeruk purut tertinggi pada daun tua. Efek antibakteri flavanoids adalah dengan mekanisme menghambat sintetik asam nukleat, menghambat fungsi membran sitoplasma sel, dan merubah permeabilitas membran sehingga memengaruhi sifat patogenitas bakteri Tujuan: Mendapatkan perbedaann efek antibakteri berbagai konsentrasi larutan ekstrak daun jeruk purut terhadap biofilm Enterococcus faecalis. Mendapatkan perbedaan efek antibakteri larutan ekstrak daun jeruk purut konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, 10% dan 20% dan NaOCl 2,5% terhadap bakteri Enterococcus faecalis. Metode: Empat kelompok sampel diuji dengan larutan ekstrak daun jeruk purut masing masing 2,5%, 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Kelompok kontrol positif dilakukan pemaparan NaOCl 2,5%, dan kelompok kontrol negatif tanpa perlakuan. Efek antibakteri dilihat dari jumlah koloni pada media BHI agar. Hasil: Rerata koloni bakteri Enterococcus faecalis dari masing masing kelompok dengan nilai p=0,00 (berbeda bermakna). Nilai koloni tertinggi pada kelompok kontrol negatif dan larutan ekstrak daun jeruk purut 2,5% dan terendah pada kelompok kontrol positif dan larutan ekstrak daun jeruk purut 20%. Kelompok ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, 10% dan 20% menunjukan perbedaan bermakna dengan kompok positif NaOCl 2,5% dan kelompok kontrol negatif. Kelompok ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan konsentrasi 2,5% juga memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan konsentrasi 10% dan 20%. Kesimpulan: Konsenstrasi larutan ekstrak daun jeruk purut 20% memiliki efek antibakteri Enterococcus faecalis yang paling baik dibandingkan pada konsentrasi 10%, 5%, 2,5%. Efek antibakteri larutan ekstrak daun jeruk purut 2,5%, 5%,10% dan 20% terhadap bakteri Enterococcus faecalis lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan larutan NaOCl 2,5%.

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Citrus contains vitamin, antioxidant, and other compounds that beneficial to the health. Lime (Citrus Hystrix) contains high concentration of phenol that has antibacterial potential against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterias. Lime leaf contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic, tannin, and essential oils. In vegetative state, old lime leaf contains the highest concentration of flavonoids. Flavonoids inhibit synthetic of nucleatic acid and citoplasmic cell membrane's function of bacteria, and affect bacterial pathogenetic by altering its membrane permeability.Objective: To obtain the difference of antibacterial effects of various lime extract concentration (2,5%; 5%; 10%; and 20%) and 2,5% of NaOCl against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Methods: Four sample groups tested using 2,5%; 5%; 10%; and 20% concentration of lime extract. 2,5% concentration of NaOCl was used as positive control group and no treatment was used as negative control group. Antibacterial effects were observed by the amount of bacterial colonies in BHI agar. Results: The mean of Enterococcus faecalis in each group with p=0.00 (significant). Negative control group and 2.5% lime extract concentration group had the highest amount of bacterial colonies. Positive control group and 20% lime extract concentration group had the lowest amount of bacterial colonies. All sample groups showed significant difference with positive and negative control group. 2.5% lime extract group had significant difference with group of 10% and 20% lime extract concentration. Conclusion: 20% lime extract concentration showed higher potential of antibacterial against Enterococcus faecalis than 2,5%; 5%; and 20% concentration. Antibacterial effects of lime extract in every concentration groups were lower than 2,5% NaOCl"

"Terapi fotodinamik yang dimediasi asam aminolevulinat (ALA-PDT) merupakan salah satu terapi kanker yang efektif dan minim efek samping. Terapi ini menggunakan ALA untuk mendorong akumulasi selektif protoporfirin IX (PpIX) yang dapat memicu pembentukan spesi oksigen reaktif toksik di dalam sel kanker. Namun, efektivitas ALA-PDT dapat dihambat oleh kerja transporter ABCG2 dan ABCB1 yang menghalangi akumulasi PpIX. Hemin berpotensi menjadi zat kombinasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas ALA-PDT karena memiliki sifat antitumor dan dapat memengaruhi ekspresi DKK1 sebagai inhibitor jalur Wnt/β-catenin, jalur yang berkaitan dengan regulasi ABCG2 dan ABCB1. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pemberian kombinasi hemin dan ALA setelah 48 jam pada sel kanker paru-paru A549 terhadap viabilitas sel, akumulasi PpIX intraseluler, ekspresi gen DKK1, ABCG2, ABCB1, serta ekspresi protein ABCG2 dan ABCB1 menggunakan metode uji MTT, HPLC, RT-qPCR, dan western blotting. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi hemin dan ALA yang diikuti fotoiradiasi menurunkan viabilitas sel A549. Akumulasi PpIX intraseluler meningkat setelah perlakuan. Ekspresi gen DKK1 mengalami penurunan, menunjukkan bahwa penurunan viabilitas dan peningkatan akumulasi PpIX tidak melalui penghambatan jalur Wnt/β-catenin oleh DKK1. Ekspresi ABCG2, baik mRNA maupun protein, menurun setelah perlakuan, sedangkan ekspresi ABCB1 meningkat. Hasil tersebut dapat menunjukkan bahwa ABCG2 lebih berperan dibandingkan dengan ABCB1 dalam akumulasi PpIX pada sel A549.

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Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an effective cancer treatment with minimal side effects. ALA-PDT utilizes ALA to induce selective accumulation of protoporphyrin IX that can trigger the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species within cancer cells. However, ALA-PDT effectiveness can be hindered by ABCG2 and ABCB1 transporters impeding PpIX accumulation. Hemin is a potential substance to combine with ALA due to its antitumor properties and influence on the DKK1 gene expression as a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, regulating ABCG2 and ABCB1. This study analyzed the effects of a combination of hemin and ALA after 48 hours on A549 lung cancer cells regarding cell viability, intracellular PpIX accumulation, DKK1, ABCG2, ABCB1 gene expression, and ABCG2 and ABCB1 protein expression, using MTT assay, HPLC, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. The results indicate that the combination of hemin and ALA followed by photoirradiation decreased the viability of A549 cells. Intracellular PpIX accumulation increased after treatment. The DKK1 gene expression decreased, indicating that the decrease in viability and the increase in PpIX accumulation did not occur through the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by DKK1. The expression of ABCG2, both mRNA and protein, decreased after treatment, while ABCB1 expression increased. This result suggests that ABCG2 plays a greater role than ABCB1 in PpIX accumulation in A549 cancer cells."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji daya antibakteri bahan irigasi nisin 10%, klorheksidin 2%, natrium hipoklorit 2,5% terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm E. faecalis secara in vitro. Bakteri E. faecalis ATCC 29212 dibiakkan pada media agar BHI kemudian diinkubasi 24 jam pada suhu 370C. Bakteri diinokulasi pada membran filter selulosa nitrat selama 72 jam agar terbentuk biofilm. Dilakukan uji kontak langsung antara bahan uji dan biofilm selama 10 menit. Dilakukan kuantifikasi DNA bakteri yang hidup melalui penambahan PMA pada Real time PCR. Hasilnya nisin 10% mempunyai daya antibakteri terhadap biofilm E.faecalis, namun tidak sebanding dengan klorheksidin 2% dan natrium hipoklorit 2,5%.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial efficacy of 10% nisin, 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite against E.faecalis biofilm in vitro. Petri dishes containing BHI agar were seeded with E. faecalis ATCC 29212, incubated overnight at 370C. Celullose nitrate filter membrane was inoculated with E.faecalis for 72 hours to grown a biofilm. Direct contact test was performed between the test solutions and biofilm for 10 minutes. DNA quantification was performed using Real time PCR with PMA additive to count the lived cell. It was concluded that 10% nisin possessed antibacterial effect against E.faecalis biofilm, but not comparable with 2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Enterococcus faecalis merupakan bakteri yang mampu membentuk biofilm dan banyak ditemukan pada kasus kelainan periapeks.Tujuan : Melihat daya antibakteri campuran triantibiotik dibandingkan denganklorheksidin 2% terhadap E. faecalis dalam biofilm. Metode : Menilai kekeruhanlarutan E. faecalis dalam biofilm pasca pemaparan bahan uji, dengan ELISAreader. Hasil : Terdapat daya antibakteri campuran triantibiotik terhadap biofilmbakteri E. faecalis tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dengan klorheksidin2% (p>0.05). Kesimpulan : Daya antibakteri campuran triantibiotik terhadapbiofilm E. faecalis sebanding dengan klorheksidin 2%. ABSTRACT Background : Enterococcus faecalis has the ability to form biofilm and is oftenfound in cases of periapical lesions. Aim: To analyze the effectivity of triantibioticmixture compared to 2% chlorhexidine against biofilm of E. faecalis. Method :Score the turbidity of E. faecalis in biofilm after immersion in antibacterialagent, with ELISA reader. Result : Triantibiotic mixture has antibacterialeffectivity against E. faecalis biofilm but has no significant difference compared to2% chlorhexidine (p>0.05). Conclusion : Antibacterial effectivity of triantibioticmixture against E. faecalis biofilm is equal to2% chlorhexidine. ;Background : Enterococcus faecalis has the ability to form biofilm and is oftenfound in cases of periapical lesions. Aim: To analyze the effectivity of triantibioticmixture compared to 2% chlorhexidine against biofilm of E. faecalis. Method :Score the turbidity of E. faecalis in biofilm after immersion in antibacterialagent, with ELISA reader. Result : Triantibiotic mixture has antibacterialeffectivity against E. faecalis biofilm but has no significant difference compared to2% chlorhexidine (p>0.05). Conclusion : Antibacterial effectivity of triantibioticmixture against E. faecalis biofilm is equal to2% chlorhexidine. ;Background : Enterococcus faecalis has the ability to form biofilm and is oftenfound in cases of periapical lesions. Aim: To analyze the effectivity of triantibioticmixture compared to 2% chlorhexidine against biofilm of E. faecalis. Method :Score the turbidity of E. faecalis in biofilm after immersion in antibacterialagent, with ELISA reader. Result : Triantibiotic mixture has antibacterialeffectivity against E. faecalis biofilm but has no significant difference compared to2% chlorhexidine (p>0.05). Conclusion : Antibacterial effectivity of triantibioticmixture against E. faecalis biofilm is equal to2% chlorhexidine. ;Background : Enterococcus faecalis has the ability to form biofilm and is oftenfound in cases of periapical lesions. Aim: To analyze the effectivity of triantibioticmixture compared to 2% chlorhexidine against biofilm of E. faecalis. Method :Score the turbidity of E. faecalis in biofilm after immersion in antibacterialagent, with ELISA reader. Result : Triantibiotic mixture has antibacterialeffectivity against E. faecalis biofilm but has no significant difference compared to2% chlorhexidine (p>0.05). Conclusion : Antibacterial effectivity of triantibioticmixture against E. faecalis biofilm is equal to2% chlorhexidine. "

"Latar belakang: Fokus desinfeksi saluran akar saat ini telah mengalami perubahan dari desinfeksi agresif menjadi proteksi selektif, yang memiliki tujuan utama untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang sesuai, oleh karena itu, bahan irigasi alami sebagai pendamping mulai banyak diteliti potensialnya karena relatif aman. Larutan irigasi dengan kualitas optimal yang dapat membersihkan saluran akar secara menyeluruh sendiri masih belum tersedia dan meskipun ada perkembangan baru di bidang penelitian yang relevan, solusi yang lebih mendekati kualitas ideal belum dikembangkan. Cuka apel dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan alternatif alami yang aman untuk mengeliminasi biofilm sekaligus smear layer, sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan efek antibakteri bahan irigasi sintetik NaOCl 1,5% dan 2,5% dibandingkan dengan larutan cuka apel terhadap E. faecalis. Metode: Biofilm E. faecalis isolat klinis dibagi menjadi tujuh kelompok sampel untuk dipaparkan dengan bahan uji larutan cuka apel konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, 10%, kontrol positif NaOCl 1,5%, 2,5% dan kontrol negatif tanpa perlakuan, efek antibakteri dilihat menggunakan metode MTT Assay dan hitung koloni. Hasil: Didapatkan hasil dari kedua uji yang dilakukan bahwa larutan cuka apel konsentrasi 2,5% memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap biofilm E. faecalis tertinggi dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 5% dan 10%. Kesimpulan: Efek antibakteri larutan cuka apel 2,5%, 5%, dan 10% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan larutan NaOCl 1,5% dan 2,5% terhadap biofilm E. faecalis.

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Introduction: The current focus of root canal disinfection has changed from aggressive disinfection to selective protection, which has the main goal of creating a suitable environment, therefore, natural irrigation materials as a companion have begun to be studied for their potential because they are relatively safe. Irrigation solutions of optimal quality that can thoroughly clean root canals on their own are not yet available and despite new developments in the relevant research area, solutions closer to the ideal quality have not yet been developed. Apple cider vinegar can be used as a safe natural alternative for eliminating biofilm as well as the smear layer, so it has the potential to be developed further. Objective: To determine the differences in the antibacterial effect of synthetic irrigants NaOCl 1,5% and 2,5% compared to apple cider vinegar solution against E. faecalis. Methods: Clinical isolates of E. faecalis biofilm were divided into seven sample groups to be exposed to test materials for apple cider vinegar concentrations of 2,5%, 5%, 10%, positive control NaOCl 1,5%, 2,5%, and negative control without treatment, the antibacterial effect was seen using the MTT Assay method and colony count. Results: The results of the two tests were obtained that a 2.5% concentration of apple cider vinegar had the highest antibacterial effect on E. faecalis biofilm compared to 5% and 10% concentrations. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of 2,5%, 5%, and 10% apple cider vinegar solutions was lower than 1,5% and 2,5% NaOCl solutions on E. faecalis biofilm.

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