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"This book about, the physical environment and navigation issues for the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi seas. Fully half of the book describes accidents induced by heavy ice conditions since 1900: 94 accidents are carefully reported and classified. Among these, the accidents involve shipwrecks, forced drift (ice jet as special case), overwintering, and various types of vessel damage. Most accounts include details such as distinguishing features, behavior of the crew, photos, and maps, which reveal ice conditions, date, location, and vessels involved (for each of four seas). "

"Wilayah Arktik merupakan salah satu medan terpencil dan paling tidak bersahabat di bumi, namun memiliki posisi unik dalam menciptakan status quo di antara negara-negara Arktik lainnya. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan politik Presiden Federasi Rusia Vladimir Putin dalam berbagai aspek. Makalah ini tentang strategi geopolitik Putin di wilyah Arktik. Teori yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah geopolitik. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dan studi pustaka, dengan menggunakan data berupa teks-teks pidato Putin dan laporan berita mengenai hal yang terkait Arktik. Kajian ini memperlihatkan strategi geopolitik Putin untuk mempertahan kekuasaan Rusia di wilayah Arktik melalui pembangunan di bidang militer seperti merperbaharui armada laut dan udaranya, dan membangun jaringan anti-balistik. Pembangunan militer tersebut dibantu dengan aktifitas ekonomi melalui cadangan sumberdaya alam dan jalur pelayaran, yang dapat membantu mengecap kedaultan Rusia di wilayah tersebut.

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The Arctic region is one of the most remote and most unfriendly territory on earth, although possesses a unique position in creating the status quo among other arctic nations. This affects the political policies of Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin in various aspects. This paper is about Putin 39;s geopolitical strategy in the Arctic region. The theory used in this study is geopolitical. This study was conducted using qualitative methods and literature study, using data in the form of Putin 39;s speech texts and news reports on arctic related matters. This review demonstrates Putin 39;s geopolitical strategy for maintaining Russian power in the Arctic region through military development such as renewing its fleet and air, and building an anti-ballistic network. The military development is aided by economic activity through natural resource reserves and shipping lanes, which can help brand Russian sovereigns in the region."

"The legal status of the Arctic Ocean is strongly debated, particularly in the context of security. Some argue that the Arctic Ocean is a global commons, while others deny this. Japan is currently formulating its Arctic policy, but it is uncertain about this legal definition with respect to security matters. Japan’s Arctic policy, which was publicised on 16 October 2015, will be influenced by its bilateral and multilateral relations with the Arctic and non- Arctic states. This paper considers the following three relevant issues:(1)The concept of a global commons under international law;(2)Whether or not the Arctic Ocean can be defined as a global commons; and(3)Japan’s options for its Arctic policy with special reference to security and Japan-US bilateral relations based on the Japan-US alliance. This paper concludes that the application of global commons to the Arctic Ocean would be misguided and would not resolve issues of security because the legal concept is vague and it lacks specific context and origin. In addition, Japan’s Arctic policy should be concrete and sufficiently comprehensive to face challenges within and outside the Arctic Council."

"The statistic of accidents at construction sites give us a picture that Malaysian construction industry is one of the critical sectors that need a huge and fast overhaul from the current site safety practices. Accident don’t just happen, they are caused by unsafe acts, unsafe conditions or both. Most accidents result from a combination of contributing causes and one or more unsafe acts and unsafe condition. In order to improve the overall safety performance we need to investigate the root causes of construction accidents. That knowledge could be utilised in formulating more conducive working conditions and environments at construction sites. Therefore, a study has been conducted to identify the causes of accident at construction sites. This study was started out by reviewing literature from journals, books and web pages. Then reported accidents cases kept by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) were examined to investigate causes of accidents. Surveys using questionnaire forms were carried out to obtain data from respondents who are mainly contractors and the rest are developers and consultants firms all around countries that are well versed with the construction safety. The finding of this study reveals that accidents are the result of many contributing factors, causes, and sub causes. Some of the critical factors are unsafe method, human element, unsafe equipment, job site conditions, management, and unique nature of the industry. The causes of accidents in Malaysia were found to be similar to that mentioned in literature review. However, some of the causes are low in frequency of occurrence. The main cause of construction accidents found are the workers’ negligence, failure of workers to obey work procedures, work at high elevation, operating equipment without safety devices, poor site management, harsh work operation, low knowledge and skill level of workers, failure to use personal protective equipments and poor workers attitude about safety"

"When Artemis learns that his father has been kidnapped by the Russian mob, he races to the Arctic Circle to make a daring rescue, where he finds an old acquaintance, Captain Holly Short, who is investigating a plot of the goblin mob."

"The volume addresses the following major topics :- Research results in observing aspects of the Arctic climate system and its processes across a range of time and space scales- Representation of cryospheric, atmospheric, and oceanic processes in models, including simulation of their interaction with coupled models- Our understanding of the role of the Arctic in the global climate system, its response to large-scale climate variations, and the processes involved."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis demokrasi di dalam konstitusi tahun 1993 yang diamandemen tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori managed democracy oleh Richard Sakwa dan teori managed democracy oleh Wegren dan Konitzer untuk memahami dan menganalisis demokrasi terkelola di dalam amandemen konstitusi 1993 yang ditinjau dari kondisi sosial politik Federasi Rusia pada periode keempat Vladimir Putin menjabat sebagai presiden. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis demokrasi terkelola berdasarkan teori dan kondisi sosial politik Rusia pada tahun 2018 sampai 2020. Peneliti menggunakan metode sejarah dengan mengumpulkan data primer maupun sekunder terkait permasalahan penelitian. Setelah melakukan penelitian penulis berkesimpulan bahwa demokrasi terkelola merupakan sebuah kritik yang didasari demokrasi yang berlaku di negara Barat atas demokrasi yang dijalankan oleh Federasi Rusia. Berdasarkan keadaan sosial politik Federasi Rusia. demokrasi di dalam amandemen konstitusi 1993 adalah bentuk demokrasi yang disesuaikan kondisi budaya dan sosial masyarakat Federasi Rusia.

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This research analyzes democracy in the 1993 constitution which was amended in 2020. This research uses managed democracy theory by Richard Sakwa and managed democracy theory by Wegren and Konitzer to understand and analyze managed democracy in the 1993 constitutional amendments in terms of the social and  political conditions of the Russian Federation in Vladimir Putin's fourth term as president. The aim of this research s to analyze managed democracy based on theory, social and political conditions of the Russian Federation from 2018 to 2020. Author use historical methods by collecting primary and secondary data related to the research problem. After conducting research, Author concludes that managed democracy is a criticism based on democracy that applies in Western countries to the democracy run by the Russian Federation. Based on social and political conditions of the Russian Federation, democracy in the 1993 constitutional amendments is a form of democracy that is adapted to the cultural and social conditions of the people of the Russian Federation."