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"This book represents an effort to examine the complex role water plays as a force in sustaining, maintaining, and threatening the viability of culturally diverse peoples. It is argued that water is a fundamental human need, a human right, and a core sustaining element in biodiversity and cultural diversity. The core concepts utilized in this book draw upon a larger trend in sustainability science, a recognition of the synergism and analytical potential in utilizing a coupled biological and social systems analysis, as the functioning viability of nature is both sustained and threatened by humans."

"Air bersih dikonsumsi dalam jumlah banyak sebagai media penghantar panas di pabrik pemurnian minyak kelapa sawit, terutama pada menara pendingin. Program konservasi air bersih dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengurangi jumlah air blowdown menara pendingin. Namun, pengurangan tersebut menyebabkan perubahan karakteristiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh program konservasi air bersih pada karakteristik air blowdown menara pendingin, menganalisis perbedaan beban pencemaran air limbah pada outlet IPAL dan biaya pemakaian air bersih dengan diadakannya program tersebut, menganalisis pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan pada sikap karyawan dalam program tersebut. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengurangi debit air blowdown menara pendingin dari 60 M³/hari hingga 0 M³/hari. Kuesioner digunakan untuk menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program konservasi dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi jumlah air blowdown menara pendingin hingga cycle of concentrationnya mencapai nilai 4,4. Karakteristik air blowdown akan semakin pekat dengan berkurangnya debit air blowdown. Berkurangnya debit air blowdown menjadi 30 M³/hari untuk dua menara pendingin akan mengurangi biaya pemakaian air bersih dan rata-rata beban pencemaran air limbah outlet IPAL untuk parameter COD sebesar 8,20% dengan sistem kontinu. Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap karyawan dalam program konservasi air bersih ini bersifat positif dan kuat, sedangkan pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan pada sikap karyawan bersifat sedang.

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A large amount of clean water used in heat transfer system in palm oil refinery plant, especially in cooling tower device. Clean water conservation program should be conducted by reducing cooling tower blowdown water. However, reducing blowdown water will impact on changes in its characterisctics. This research examines the impact of clean water conservation program to blowdown water characteristics, analyse the difference of wastewater pollution load and clean water cost thorough that program implementation, analyse an influence of employees  knowledge level on employees attitude in that program. Experiment was conducted by reducing cooling tower blowdown water debit from 60 M³/day to 0 M³/day. Questionnaire was used to analyse employees knowledge level and attitude. The result shows that conservation program can be applied by reducing blowdown water until cycle of concentration has the value of 4,4. Blowdown water characteristics become more concentrated by reducing cooling tower blowdown water. Reducing blowdown water of two cooling towers to 30 M³/day will reduce clean water cost and wastewater COD pollution load by 8,20 with continue treatment. Level of knowledges and attitude correlation in this program is strong and positive, whereas level of knowledges influence employees attitude in clean water conservation program on moderate level."

"Chapters review analysis and remediation of pollutants such as greenhouse gases, chiral pharmaceuticals, dyes, chlorinated organics, arsenic, toxic metals and pathogen in air, water, plant and soil. Several highlights include the overlooked impact of air pollutants from buildings for health risk, innovative remediation techniques such as bioreactors for gas treatment, electrochemical cleaning of pharmaceuticals, sequestration on Fe-Mn nodules, phytoremediation and photocatalytical inactivation of microbial pathogens."

"The aim of the book is to present the emerging environmental issues in organization and management of complex supply chains. The book includes set of solutions which show different stakeholders' viewpoints on sustainability. The scope of book takes into consideration how the emerging environmental regulation might be transformed into business practices. Therefore, the authors present the innovative approach to eco-friendly organization and coordination of logistics processes and supply chain configuration."

"ABSTRAKPertumbuhan penduduk dan perkotaan Kota Tangerang Selatan yang cukup tinggi menyebabkan kebutuhan akan air juga menjadi tinggi. Mayoritas masyarakat merasakan pengurangan debit air akibat tingginya ketergantungan pada air tanah permukaan dan baru 5-9% masyarakat yang mendapat akses air bersih dari PDAM/SPAM. Ancaman defisit air akan terus meningkat, mengingat keberadaan air tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim, tutupan lahan, dan aktivitas manusia. Riset ini menganalisis tingkat risiko ketersediaan air di Tangerang Selatan. Riset ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif, melalui observasi, wawancara, dan survei di masyarakat. Hasil riset menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan defisit air sejak tahun baseline 1981-2014 dan meningkat pada tahun proyeksi 2015-2045 diikuti dengan peningkatan tingkat bahaya di sebagian wilayah Tangerang Selatan. 3,7% kelurahan diproyeksi mengalami risiko defisit air esktrim tinggi. Sejumlah rencana aksi adaptasi dan mitigasi diusulkan untuk menghadapi dan mengantisipasi ancaman risiko defisit air yang lebih parah di masa mendatang.

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ABSTRACTThe high population and urban growth in South Tangerang City has caused the high demand for water. The majority of inhabitants have felt the decrease of water flow due to high dependency on surface groundwater as only 5-9% of the inhabitants have access to water supplied by PDAM/SPAM. The threat of water deficit will continue to increase considering that the groundwater supply is highly influenced by climate variability, land cover change and human activities. This research aims to analyse the risk level of water supply in South Tangerang. The research uses quantitative and qualitative methods carried out through observation, interviews and community survey. Research results show that an increase in water deficit has been in place since baseline years 1981-2014 and increasing at the projection years 2015-2045, which will be followed by increasing hazard level in several areas of South Tangerang. As many as 3,7% of wards are projected to be exposed to extremely high risk of water deficit in the future. A number of adaptation and mitigation actions are put forward facing and anticipating the worsened water deficit threat in the future."

"Karena kurangnya kuantitas dan kualitas dari sumber air eksisting UI, PDAM Tirta Asasta, UI berencana untuk membangun SPAM untuk memenuhi kebutuhan lingkungan kampus UI sendiri. Salah satu parameter kualitas air yang diatur pada PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 sebagai baku mutu untuk air baku Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum adalah logam berat, salah satunya yaitu tembaga. Keberadaan logam ini tinggi pada kandungan sedimen, dan dapat terlepas menuju air. Oleh karenanya, eksperimen ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh/dampak parameter fisik-lingkungan danau berupa pH, temperatur, dan konsentrasi amonia terhadap terjadinya desorpsi logam tembaga di sedimen Danau Salam UI. Eksperimen awalnya dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel sedimen dan sampel air. Sampel sedimen dan air dikumpulkan dari 3 titik di dekat posisi inlet IPAM yang direncanakan berdasarkan Rencana Induk Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum UI (RISPAM UI). Dari hasil dari pengujian, didapat konsentrasi tembaga di sedimen, dari 83.1 mg/Kg hingga 92.7 mg/Kg. Selanjutnya, dilakukan eksperimen desorpsi dan dianalisa menggunakan metode regresi linear. Diketahui bahwa pH merupakan parameter yang paling berpengaruh dalam terjadinya proses desorpsi tembaga pada sedimen Danau Salam. Hasil regresi linear, nilai koefisien pH, temperatur, dan konsentrasi amonia adalah -0.0072, -0.0042, dan 0.0003. Nilai pH menunjukkan kemiringan (slope) tertinggi, diikuti dengan temperatur, lalu konsentrasi amonia.

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Due to the lack of quantity and quality from UI's existing water source, PDAM Tirta Asasta, UI plans to build SPAM to meet the needs of the UI campus environment itself. One of the water quality parameters regulated in PP. 82 of 2001 as the quality standard for raw water for Drinking Water Treatment Plants is heavy metals, including copper, cobalt and lead. The presence of these metal is high in sediment content, and could be released into water. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effect / impact of the physical parameters of the lake environment in the form of pH, temperature and ammonia concentration on the occurrence of copper desorption in the sediments of Lake Salam UI. Initial experiments were carried out by taking sediment samples and water samples. Sediment and water samples were collected from 3 points near the IPAM inlet position which was planned based on the Master Plan for Drinking Water Supply System UI (RISPAM UI). From the test results, the copper concentration in the sediment was obtained, from 83.1 mg / Kg to 92.7 mg / Kg. Furthermore, a desorption experiment was carried out and analyzed using linear regression methods. It is known that pH is the most influential parameter in the process of copper desorption in the Salam Lake sediments. The results of linear regression, the coefficient values for pH, temperature, and ammonia concentration are -0.0072, -0.0042, and 0.0003. The pH value shows the highest slope, followed by temperature, then the ammonia concentration."

"Pemantauan temperatur air sangat penting dalam memahami perubahan lingkungan. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan perangkat yang dapat mendeteksi temperatur secara realtime dengan tingkat sensitivitas yang tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sebagai sensor berbasis optik untuk mengukur temperatur dalam rentang yang lebar, yaitu  4  hingga 50 . Hasil eksperimen skala laboratorium dengan air tawar menunjukkan bahwa  terdapat hubungan yang linear antara perubahan panjang gelombang dengan sensitivitas rata-rata 0,0103 , dengan error repeatibility dari 0,96%.  Selanjutnya, untuk mengantisipasi aplikasi pengukuran temperatur air di laut dilakukan simulasi untuk kondisi kedalaman 2000 . Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tekanan hidrostatik akan berdampak terhadap bertambahnya peningkatan perubahan panjang gelombang Bragg. Selain itu dilakukan juga integrasi sensor temperatur FBG ini ke dalam sistem Internet of Things (IoT). Perancangan dimulai dengan pengolahan data yang didapat dari sensor temperatur FBG melalui optical interrogator, pembuatan database dan mengirimkannya ke dalam web server, di samping juga pembuatan website IoT dashboard yang berisi data-data yang didapat dari sensor temperatur FBG agar dapat dibaca secara online dan realtime. Dari hasil pengukuran quality of service website tersebut didapatkan nilai pengukuran throughput sebesar  0.73942412 , packet loss 0%, dan delay sebesar 1.3 .

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Monitoring water temperature is crucial in understanding environmental changes. For this purpose, a device capable of detecting temperature in real-time with high sensitivity is required. In this research, characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) was conducted as an optical-based sensor to measure temperature over a wide range - from 4  to 50 . Laboratory-scale experiments with freshwater revealed a linear relationship between wavelength changes and an average sensitivity of 0.0103 , with a repeatability error of 0.96%. Furthermore, to anticipate the application of water temperature measurement in the sea, simulations were carried out for conditions at a depth of 2000 . The simulation results indicated that higher hydrostatic pressure impacts the increase in Bragg wavelength changes. In addition, integration of the FBG temperature sensor into the Internet of Things (IoT) system was also performed. The design began with processing data obtained from the FBG temperature sensor through an optical interrogator, creating a database, and sending it to a web server. This was complemented by the development of an IoT dashboard website displaying data from the FBG temperature sensor, accessible online and in real-time. The quality of Service measurements of this website showed a throughput value of 0.73942412 , 0% packet loss, and a delay of 1.3 "