Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This book explores direct fed microbial and prebiotic additives used in domestic animals, reviews questions that remain about how and why probiotic products work and which kinds are best for specific production scenarios and proposes areas for new research. "

"

Kontrasepsi Copper T (AKDR CuT) menggantikan kontrasepsi lippes loop (AKDR LL) disebabkan efektivitas yang lebih tinggi dan rendahnya angka ekspulsi. Kontrasepsi CuT diketahui mendukung kerusakan pada epitel endometrium dan menstimulasi produksi glikodelin A (GdA), yang memiliki peran bermakna dalam cara kerja kontrasepsi. Belum diketahui peran polietilen dalam meningkatkan GdA dan peran komponen inflamasi mengenai GdA.

 

Penelitian ini menggunalan desain penelitian eksplorasi yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Bagian Bedah Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada November 2017–Maret 2018. Total 22 tikus sprague dawley yang dibagi menjadi kelompok polietilen + tembaga (AKDR CuT) dan kelompok polietilen tunggal (Kelompok LL AKDR). Darah dari arteri lakrimal dan jaringan dari kornua diperiksa dengan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dan imunohistokimia (IHK).

 

Sebagai hasilnya ditemukan kelompok kontrasepsi CuT menyebabkan perubahan lebih besar pada sel epitel permukaan endometrium dan sel-sel epitel kelenjar dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrasepsi LL. Terdapat peningkatan yang bermakna pasca-penyisipan polietilen pada ekspresi TNF-α (p = 0,037) dan EGR-2 + (p = 0,039). Ditemukan peningkatan yang bermakna pasca-penyisipan polietilen pada ekspresi GdA (p < 0,001). Ekspresi delta GdA lebih besar pada polietilen 43,67 ± 36,36 dibandingkan kelompok CuT 13,50 ± 10,34.

 

Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan ekspresi GdA lebih besar dalam polietilen tunggal daripada kombinasi polietilen + tembaga (AKDR CuT). TNF-α dan makrofag CD38 + adalah komponen inflamasi terbesar yang menyebabkan peningkatan ekspresi GdA.

 

Kata kunci: glikodelin A, kerusakan epitel endometrium, komponen inflamasi, polietilen, polietielen+tembaga.

 

---

Copper T IUD (CuT IUD) contraception replaces lippes loop IUD (LL IUD) due to its effectiveness and rarely expulsion capability. The CuT IUD is known to promote endometrial epithelial damage and to stimulate the production of glycodelin A (GdA). GdA has significant role in the contraception mechanism of action. It has not yet known the role of polyethylene in increasing GdA and the role of the inflammatory components regarding GdA.

 

This study is an exploratory research design conducted at the Laboratory of Surgery of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University on November 2017–March 2018. A Total of 22 sprague dawley rats were divided into polyethylene+copper  (CuT IUD) and single polyethylene (LL IUD groups). Blood from the lacrimal artery and tissue from the cornua were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods.

 

It was found that CuT IUD group caused greater change to the endometrial surface epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cells compared to LL IUD group. There was a significant increase in post-insertion of polyethylene on the expression of TNF-α (p = 0.037) and EGR-2⁺ (p = 0.039). There was a significant increase in post-insertion of polyethylene on expression of GdA (p < 0,001). Delta expression of GdA was greater in the polyethylene 43.67 ± 36.36 than in the CuT IUD group 13.50 ± 10.34.

 

As a conclusion, the expression of GdA was found to be greater in the single polyethylene than combination of polyethylene+copper (CuT IUD). TNF-α and macrophages CD38⁺ are the biggest inflammatory components that cause an increase in GdA expression.

 

Keywords: endometrial epithelial damage, glycodelin A, inflammatory omponents, polyethylene, polyethylene+copper.

 

"

"Diarrheal disease remains an important public health problem in developing countries (Black, 1993) and is enormously associated with one-fourth of all deaths in children less than 5 years in developing countries (Richards et. at, 1993). Despite a remarkable declining in mortality rate, the morbidity rate of acute diarrhea of under five children is still fairly high (Murray, 1992). Alarcon et. al. (1991) reported that each year, diarrheal disease causes approximately more than 1 billion episodes of illness. Therefore, the reported attack rates range from 1 to 12 episodes per child per year with a global average of 3 episodes per child (Richards et. al, 1993) and nearly 5 millions deaths worldwide in children less than 5 years (Shamir, 1998). In Indonesia, the incidence of diarrhea is accounted for up to 200-400 per 1000 population per year; 60-80% of them are under five, mostly infants (Lubis, 1992). Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrheal disease in infants. It is the most commonly identified enter pathogens for infants who admitted to hospital in the USA and many other countries (Saavedra et. al., 1994) included Indonesia, (Soenarto, 1997). In USA accounts for up to 50% of the cases of children hospitalized with diarrhea and dehydration (Cohen, 1991) and is responsible for approximately 1 million cases of severe infantile diarrhea and up to 150 deaths annually (Guarino et.al.,1994). In Indonesia accounts for up to 16% of childhood diarrhea in urban area of North Jakarta and 19-40% of chldhood diarrhea age 0-36 months in Bandung, West Java (Yuwono, 1993). The incidence of diarrheal disease is higher and the severity of the illness is greater in infants than in older children and adults. Several major factors become predisposed to an increased frequency of diarrheal diseases in infants are increased fecal-oral contamination and infants have a relatively unchallenged immune system that has not previously been exposed to many pathogens and has not acquired protective antibodies. Immune system tolerance of life to some polysaccharide antigens in the first year may diminish the infant's ability to defend against intestinal infections (Cohen, 1991). Non-breastfed infants are at greater age of experiencing diarrhea than those who are partially breast-fed, however infants who are partially breast-fed are at greater risk than those who are exclusively breast-fed (Lubis, 1992). The global diarrheal disease control programs have concentrated almost exclusively on the prevention and treatment of dehydration by promoting appropriate fluid and electrolyte therapy, such as increased of oral rehydration solution-ORS (Alarcon, et. al, 1991). ORS has been considered by World Health Organization as the cornerstone of global efforts to reduce mortality from acute diarrhea (Richards et. al, 1993; Behrens, 1993). Until recently, however, more attention has been directed to the nutritional complications of diarrhea (Alarcon, et. al, 1991)."