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"The book will discuss the published experimental techniques, data-processing algorithms, and approaches used in FT-IR spectroscopy to assist in the characterization and identification of microorganisms, to assess the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation by food processing technologies and antimicrobial compounds, to monitor the spore and membrane properties of foodborne pathogens in changing environments, to detect stress-injured microorganisms in food-related environments, to assess dynamic changes in bacterial populations, and to study bacterial tolerance responses."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aplikasi teknologi FTIR untuk mendeteksi masa subur lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) betina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bilangan gelombang yang merepresentasikan gugus fungsi dari hormon metabolit estrone conjugate (E1C) maupun pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) pada sampel urine lutung jawa dan dikaitkan dengan pengamatan perilaku dan pembengkakan, data yang didapat digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil FTIR bersifat universal atau spesifik.antar spesies. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel urine dari dua lutung jawa betina dan dianalisis menggunakan FTIR. Penelitian ini juga mengambil data penunjang yaitu, data perilaku dan data foto genital. Data perilaku yang didapat tidak menunjukkan adanya interaksi seksual antara kedua betina yang menunjukkan sedang estrus. Hasil foto genital yang didapat menunjukkan pembengkakan yang terjadi hanya sampai pada pembengkakan sebagian. Analisis sampel urine menunjukkan E1C teridentifikasi melalui gugus fungsi alkil, aromatik dan hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 596 cm-1, 698 cm-1, dan 3599 cm-1. PdG teridentifikasi pada gugus fungsi alkil dan aldehid pada bilangan gelombang 1450 cm-1 dan 1699 cm-1.

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Research on technological application of FTIR to detect the fertility period of female javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus) has been conducted. The aims of this research was to determine the wavenumbers that represented the functional groups of hormone metabolites estrone conjugate (E1C) and pregnanediol-3- glucuronide (PdG) on urine sampels of javan lutung and tied the data with behavioral and swelling observation, the attained data were used to determine whether FTIR results are universal or specific interspecies.

Research was carried out by taking urine samples from two females of javan lutung and measured by using FTIR. This study also use supporting data, which is behavioral data and genital photos. The behavioral data obtained indicate a lack of sexual interactions between the two females, which needed to show that they were estrus.

Resulting genital images obtained, showed that the only swelling that occurs was partial swelling. Analysis of urine samples showed that estrone conjugate (E1C) was identified on functional group of alkyl, aromatic, and hydroxyl at wave numbers 596 cm-1, 698 cm-1, and 3599 cm-1. Pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) was identified on functional group of alkyl and aldehyde at wave numbers 1450 cm-1 and 1699 cm-1."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil hormon progesteron pada kerbau lumpur (Bubalus bubalis) betina sepanjang siklus estrus. Sampel serum darah yang diambil selama 10 minggu dari empat ekor kerbau lumpur betina dianalisis menggunakan Fourier Transform Infared (FTIR). Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu bilangan gelombang dari gugus fungsi yang merepresentasikan progesteron berada di sekitar angka 1360 cm-1 untuk metil keton, 1380 cm-1 untuk metil dan 1717 cm-1 untuk keton. Nilai absorbansi yang berada pada bilangan gelombang tersebut dikonversi ke dalam nilai ekuivalensi yang mengacu pada penelitian terdahulu sehingga diperoleh perkiraan konsentrasi hormon progesteron sepanjang siklus estrus yaitu sekitar 5,96 ng/ml pada fase estrus dan 8,86 ng/ml pada fase non estrus.

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Research in determining progesterone hormone profile throughout estrous cycle on female swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) has been conducted. Blood serum samples were taken from four female swamp buffaloes for ten weeks, and then analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Results showed that the wavenumbers of functional groups representing progesterone were along 1360 cm-1 for methyl ketone, 1380 cm-1 for methyl and 1717 cm-1 for ketone. The absorbance values were generated within those wavenumbers, furthermore converted using an equivalency value based from similar previous studies, so then the concentration range of progesterone throughout estrous cycle could be obtained, which were approximately 5.96 ng/ml on estrous phase and 8.86 ng/ml on non estrous phase."

"Telah dilakukan pemeriksaan hormon kortikosteron pada tikus betina (Rattus norvegicus) menggunakan FTIR. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui bilangan gelombang dan nilai absorbansi gugus fungsi spesifik kortikosteron dalam urine selama siklus estrus, dan mengetahui keabsahan FTIR dalam mengukur konsentrasi hormon kortikosteron. Sampel urine dari sepuluh ekor tikus pada saat estrus dan diestrus yang ditentukan melalui ulas vagina dianalisis melalui FTIR. Diperoleh hasil 3 gugus fungsi spesifik dari kortikosteron pada masing-masing bilangan gelombangnya berturut-turut sebagai berikut alkohol (CH2OH) pada 3552 cm-1, hidroksil (OH) pada 3201 cm-1 dan metil (CH3) pada 1375 cm-1. Nilai absorbansi gugus fungsi spesifik kortikosteron diperoleh dan dibandingkan dengan nilai absorbansi keton (C=O), gugus fungsi spesifik dari kreatinin pada bilangan gelombang 1730 cm-1 yaitu 0,24 %. FTIR mampu mendeteksi konsentrasi kortikosteron saat estrus pada 2,00 % ± 0,50 % / % Cr dan saat non estrus pada 1,94 % ± 0,54 % / % Cr. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kortikosteron pada kondisi estrus dan non estrus.

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Research in determining corticosterone concentration on female rat (Rattus norvegicus) using FTIR has been conducted. The aim of this research was to determine the wavenumbers and absorbance values of corticosterone's functional groups in urine during estrous cycles, and to verify the FTIR's capability in measuring corticosterone concentration in urine. Urine samples from ten females which were taken at estrus and non estrus determined by vaginal smear, analyzed by FTIR. The results indicated three specific functional groups of corticosterone in each successive wave numbers as follows: alcohol (CH2OH) at 3552 cm-1, hydroxyl (OH) at 3201 cm-1 and methyl (CH3) at 1375 cm-1. Absorbance value of specific functional groups of corticosterone are obtained and compared with absorbance values of ketone group (C = O), specific functional groups of creatinine in the wave number 1730 cm-1 which is 0.24%. FTIR can detection corticosterone concentration at estrus was 2.00 % ± 0.50 % /% Cr and in non-estrus was 1.94 % ± 0.54 % /% Cr. There was no difference between corticosterone in estrus and non-estrus condition."

"Telah dilakukan pemeriksaan hormon progesteron pada tikus betina (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout 1769) menggunakan FTIR. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui bilangan gelombang dan nilai absorbansi gugus fungsi spesifik progesteron dalam darah selama siklus estrus, dan mengetahui keabsahan FTIR dalam mengukur konsentrasi hormon progesteron. Sampel darah dari sepuluh ekor tikus pada fase estrus dan diestrus yang ditentukan melalui ulas vagina dianalisis melalui FTIR dan radioimmunoassay (RIA). Nilai absorbansi dari gugus fungsi spesifik progesteron, yaitu keton (1724 cm-1), metil (1375 cm-1), dan metil-keton (1354 cm-1), dibandingkan dengan nilai absorbansi asam karboksilat (1425 cm-1) pada hemoglobin. Konsentrasi progesteron saat estrus melalui RIA dan FTIR berturut-turut adalah 17,593 ± 4,246 ng/ml dan 0,853 ± 0,310 %; saat diestrus adalah 76.218 ± 4.687 ng/ml dan 1,024 ± 0.268 %.

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Research in determining progesterone concentration on female rat (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout 1769) using FTIR has been conducted. The aim of this research was to determine the wavenumbers and absorbance values of progesterone?s functional groups in blood during estrous cycles, and to verify the FTIR?s capability in measuring progesterone concentration in blood. Blood samples from ten females which were taken at estrus and diestrus phases determined by vaginal smear, analyzed by FTIR and Radioimmunoassay (RIA).

Absorbance values of progesterone's functional groups, such as ketone (1724 cm¬1), methyl (1375 cm-1), and methyl-ketone (1354 cm-1), were measured relatively to absorbance values of hemoglobin?s carboxylic acid (1425 cm-1). Progesterone concentration at estrus by RIA and FTIR are 17,593 ± 4,246 ng/ml and 0,853 ± 0,310 % respectively; at diestrus are 76.218 ng/ml and 1,024 ± 0.268 % respectively."

"This review describes the ways in which synchrotron infrared radiation can be used to perform infrared spectroscopy oncatalyst materials. The enhanced brightness of the synchrotron source over a conventional laboratory source allows formicrospectroscopy to be performed on single crystals of microporous materials down to 10 microns in size. A secondapplication was performed in the far-infrared region, which is generally difficult using laboratory instruments. Thereview presents typical results from both areas and discusses future prospects.Spektroskopi Inframerah berbasis Sinkrotron untuk Material Mikropori. Review ini menjelaskan bagaimanaradiasi inframerah sinkrotron dapat digunakan untuk melakukan spektroskopi inframerah pada bahan katalis.Peningkatan kekuatan cahaya (enhanced brightness) dari sumber sinkrotron terhadap sumber cahaya pada laboratoriumkonvensional memungkinkan microspektroskopi dapat dilakukan pada kristal tunggal dari bahan mikropori sampai keukuran 10 mikron. Aplikasi kedua dilakukan di wilayah inframerah-jauh, yang umumnya sulit dilakukan menggunakaninstrumen laboratorium. Review ini menampilkan hasil khas dari kedua bidang tersebut dan membahas prospek masadepan dari mikrospektroskopi infrared."