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"Application of Universal jurisdiction basically is an effort to avoid impunity. nevertheless in the reality its application often has been connected with state sovereignity. Recently we heard a strong reaction from Indonesia. Government about the indictment of General Wiranto and seven other military officers and also abilio Soares by special panel for serious crime unit in Dili Court, Timor Leste. This article explains several important aspects of human rights cases in order to be applicable with universal jurisdiction, such as: the type of crimes and the requirements based on international law"

"As first step to discuss "element of crimes" of Crimes Against Humaninty, the writer explain the concept of gross violation on human rights. This article focus on the normative and conceptual development of Crimes against Humanity:., its element of crime and its application. Furthrmore the discussion is focus on sexual crime, as mention in article 7 (g) the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court: rape, sexuality slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexuality violence of comparable gravity or as mention in article 9 (g) UU no. 26/2000 about Human Rights Courts. The lack of attention toward gender based violence issue in the Indonesia law literature is one of the reason why the writer is writing about this issue"

"Since the concept of command responsibility in new in Indonesia, there are various misperception and misinterpretation on this matter. This article is dedicated to the millitary officers, judiciares, and lawyers in order to help them to understood the concept of command responsibility in international humanitarian law and also in human rights law and to avoid the misperception and misinterpretation. Several important element is discussed by the writer such as the concepts of command responsibility and superiors command, type of violation in international humanitarian law and human rights law, and the application of command responsibility"

"This article discuss the concepts of gross human rights violation, individual resposibility in international crime, element of crime of human rights violation, the concept of command responsibility and the settlement mechanism of human rights violation. The writer ask us to take lesson learn form the experiences of Timor Timur and Tanjung Priok trial and "the stuck" in the investigataion process in Trisakti, semanggi I dan II and Mei cases in the hand of Attorney General. The realities show that so many weaknesses are needed to be handled immediately. For that reason, it is important to make amendement of UU No. 26/200 of Human Rights Court. The writer also discuses the hybrid tribunal in Cambodia, Timor Leste and Sierra Leone as an effort to give peference to the state to conduct its obligation and in other side also to guarantee that the court is conducted in mutual accord with international standard"

"Pengadilan HAM, jaminan terhadap peradilan yang adil demi melindungi manusia dan harkat kemanusiaan harus diwujudkan selaras dengan prinsip bangsa Indonesia yang berketuhanan dan berkeadilan. Dibentuknya Pengadilan HAM menjadi parameter awal yang akan menunjukkan sampai seberapa jauh keseriusan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia untuk melindungi dan memajukan HAM seperti yang diamanatkan oleh Pancasila sebagai Cita Hukum (Rechtsidee). Pengadilan HAM juga menjadi batu loncatan menuju reformasi system hukum di Indonesia. Jaminan hak atas peradilan yang adil diatur pada Pasal 28 D (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 yang kemudian lebih dijabarkan oleh Pasal 24 UUD 1945 mengenai kekuasaan kehakiman. Namun demikian apa yang before the law dan according to law belum tentu demikian nyatanya before the court dan according to the court. Pengalaman empiris menunjukkan kepentingan korban pada Pengadilan HAM seringkali dilanggar karena berbagai kepentingan politik. Demi menjaga akuntabilitas proses peradilan pada Pengadilan HAM, perlu keterlibatan masyarakat sebagai kontrol agar semakin meningkatkan keperdulian atas terselenggaranya peradilan yang adil. Hal yang sangat penting adalah jaminan persidangan terbuka untuk umum yang merupakan bagian dari fair trial dengan tujuan melindungi terdakwa atau kepentingan korban dari kerahasiaan sebuah persidangan tanpa adanya pengawasan publik. "

"The Human Rights Court established in Indonesia is the first in its kind. Various opinion emerge regarding the exixtence of court. In one hand, Indonesia is considered against the international desire to bring the perpetrator to eliminate the assumption that Indonesia is unable and unwilling to bring the perpetrator who convicted breach gross violation on human rights. This article based on the writer personal explain the legal and non-legal difficult in the Indonesia HUman Rights Court."