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"Dilaporkan satu kasus toksoplasmosis plasenta pada seorang wanita usia 37 tahun dengan riwayat infertilitas dan abortus spontan. Kantong amnion keluar secara in toto dan berisi embrio. Histopatologi menunjukkan beberapa kista toksoplasma pada selaput janin. Dinding kista membungkus bradyzoite. Pasien menderita toksoplasmosis pada kehamilan sebelumnya dan masih memiliki titer IgM dan IgG toksoplasma yang tinggi. Hingga saat ini sangat sedikit ditentukan laporan tentang gambaran histopatologi kista toksoplasma pada spesimen dari abortus. Laporan ini menekankan pentingnya mencari penyebab abortus secara histopatologi yang berguna untuk mencegah abortus berikut yang mungkin terjadi."

"Toxoplasmosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang berasal dari parasit Toxoplasma gondii. Dampak dari toksoplasmois dapat menyebabkan kegagalan kehamilan, abortus spontan, kelainan fetus (hydrocephalus, korioretinis, kalsifikasi intrakranial), gangguan syaraf otak dan mata, bahkan dampak jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan penyakit Alzheimer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa hubungan kepemilikan hewan peliharaan dengan kejadian toksoplasmosis pada pasien klnik Aquatreat Bogor Tahun 2019. Desain penelitian yang digunakan desain penelitiaan adalah case control dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data rekam medis pasien klinik Aquatreat yang berkunjung selama tahun 2019 dengan jumlah 286 pasien. Pasien yang bersedia dijadikan sampel penelitian sejumlah 108 pasien. Sampel tersebut didapatkan dengan cara Simple Random Sampling. Teknik analisa data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini bertahap, meliputi analisa univariat, bivariat, stratifikasi dan analisa multivariat yang diolah menggunakan program statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi responden dengan kepemilikan hewan peliharaan pada kelompok kasus toksoplasmosis 53,70% dan yang tidak memiliki hewan peliharaan pada kasus toksoplasmosis yaitu 46,30%. Sedangkan kepemilikan hewan peliharaan pada kelompok yang tidak terjangkit toksoplasmosis adalah 29,63% dan yang tidak memiliki hewan peliharaan pada kelompok yang tidak terjangkit toksoplasmosis adalah 70,37%. Hasil analisis uji logistic regression model akhir menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara kepemilikan hewan peliharaan dengan kejadian toksoplasmosis dengan OR 2,88 (95% CI: 1,14-6,90; p-value: 0,024) artinya bahwa kepemilikan hewan peliharaan pada kelompok toksoplasmosis berisiko 2,88 kali lebih tinggi mengalami toksoplasmosis dibanding kelompok yang tidak memiliki hewan peliharaan setelah dikontrol dengan variabel jenis riwayat transfusi darah, jenis kelamin, konsumsi daging berisiko dan kebersihan rumah.

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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease originated from parasite Toxoplasma gondii. toxoplasmosis can cause anembryonic gestation, spontaneous abortion, fetal abnormalities (hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcification, mental retardation), brain and eyes neurological disorders. Toxoplasmosis also can lead to Alzheimer's disease as its long-term effect.  The prevalence of Toxoplasmosis worldwide is about 25-30%. The purpose if this research is to analyze The Correlation Between Pet Ownership with The Toxoplasmosis Occurrence of The Patients in Bogor Aquatreat Clinic 2019. In this research, case control research design is used with a quantitative approach. This research is an observational research using data of medical record in the Aquatreat clinic by selecting the positive serological test results of Toxoplasmosis (IgG) for the case group and selecting the negative serological test results of Toxoplasmosis (IgG) for the control group. Afterwards, interviews of the case and the control groups were done by filling out the questionnaire (GForm). The data is taken from patients who visited in 2019 with total of 286 patients. The data that are willing to be used as samples are the data of 108 patients. The data analysis techniques used in this research were phased, those are univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyzes which computerized by using a statistical program. The result showed that the proportion of the respondents who own pet in the toxoplasmosis case group is 53,70% and the group who does not own pet that is  46,30%. While the pet ownership in the control group is 29,63% and  the group who does not own pet is 38 70,37%. The final model of logistic regression test analysis showed the significant correlation between pet ownership with the toxoplasmosis occurrence with OR value 2,88 (95% CI: 1,14-6,90; p-value: 0,024) which means the pet ownership in the case group has risk 2,88 times higher to have compared to the group who does not own pet after controlled by other variables that are blood transfusion history, gender, at-risk meat consumption and house cleanliness."

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"ULANGAN TOKSOPLASMOSIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA"

Toksoplasmosis merupakan suatu topik yang pada masa kini sedang hangat dibicarakan, karena ternyata, bahwa penyakit ini mempunyai dampak yang luas dan menyeluruh. Pada ibu-ibu toksoplasmosis dapat menyebabkan gangguan kehamilan seperti abortus atau lahir mati. Pada bayi penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan mata dengan akibat kebutaan. Mungkin juga menyebabkan penyakit sistemik atau neurologik yang berat. Di luar negeri toksoplasmosis menyebabkan kematian pada kasus AIDS. Bila di kemudian hari jumlah kasus AIDS bertambah banyak di Indonesia, maka toksoplasmosis menjadi masalah pada golongan penderita ini.

Toksoplasmosis disebabkan oleh Toxoplasma gondii, suatu parasit kucing dan hewan sejenisnya (Felidae), yang ditemukan pada hewan dan manusia dan tersebar Was di seluruh dunia. Nama Toxoplasma berasal dari kata Yunani Toxon, yang artinya lengkung dan plasma yang artinya bentuk, karena bentuknya melengkung seperti bulan sabit. Walaupun parasit ini pertama kali telah ditemukan pada tahun 1908 oleh Nicolle dan Manceaux pada hewan mengerat Ctenadaclylus gundi (1), pada tahun 1923 cleft Janku (2) dilaporkan pada retina anak dengan hidrosefalus dan pada tahun 1937 oleh Wolf dan Cowen (3) dinyatakan sebagai penyebab infeksi kongenital pada anak, tetapi baru pada tahun 1970 daur hidup parasit ini menjadi jelas, ketika Hutchison (4) menemukan daur aseksual dan seksual Toxoplasma gondii pada usus kecil kucing. Perkembangbiakan parasit ini dalam sel epitel usus kecil kucing menghasilkan dikeluarkannya ookista dengan tinja kucing. Ookista mejadi matang dan infektif dalam 3 - 5 hari di tanah dan ookista matang yang mengandung 8 sporozoit ini dapat hidup sampai setahun di dalam tanah yang lembab dan panas, yang tidak kena sinar matahari langsung. Seekor kucing dapat mengeluarkan sampai 10 juta ookista sehari selama dua minggu.

Di dalam tanah terdapat cacing tanah yang gemar makan tinja dan terus-menerus bergerak sehingga ookista dalam tinja kucing tersebar di dalam tanah. Tikus juga gemar makan tinja, dan mudah sekali terinfeksi dengan ookista Toxoplasma gondii. Di dalam tubuh tikus ditemukan takizoit pada infeksi akut dan kista jaringan di otak dan otot-otot pada infeksi.

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"Analisis praktik residensi keperawatan medikal bedah merupakan karya ilmiah akhir ners spesialis. Analisis ini terdiri dari asuhan keperawatan pada gangguan sistem neurologi dengan kasus utama toksoplasmosis ensefalitis dan 30 kasus resume menggunakan pendekatan model adaptasi Roy, penerapan evidence based nursing tentang latihan motor imagery untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan pasien stroke, penerapan proyek inovasi tentang edukasi berbasis audio visual (video) perawatan pasien post kraniektomi. Teori model adaptasi Roy bertujuan untuk memodifikasi dan mengubah stimulus sehingga pasien dapat adaptif terhadap kondisi kesehatannya. Toksoplasmosis ensefalitis merupakan salah satu kasus emergensi neurologi pada HIV yang memerlukan penatalaksanaan yang serius. Latiham motor imagery dapat meningkatkan keseimbangan pada pasien stroke, dapat dilanjutkan di rumah secara teratur oleh pasien untuk membantu proses rehabilitasi. Edukasi berbasis audio visual (video) perawatan pasien post kraniektomi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pasien dan keluarga dalam merawat pasien post kraniektomi untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi dan membantu proses penyembuhan.

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Analysis of the practice of residency in medical surgical nursing is the final scientific work of specialist nurses. This analysis consisted of nursing care in neurological system disorders with the main cases of toxoplasmosis encephalitis and 30 cases of resumes using Roy's adaptation model approach, the application of evidence based nursing about motor imagery exercises to improve the balance of stroke patients, the application of innovation projects on audio-visual (video) based education treatment of post craniectomy patients. Roys adaptation model theory aims to modify and change stimulus so that patients can be adaptive to their health conditions. Toxoplasmosis encephalitis is one of the neurological emergency cases in HIV that requires serious management. Motor imagery exercises can improve balance in stroke patients, can be continued at home regularly by patients to assist the rehabilitation process. Audio visual (video) based care for post craniectomy patients can improve the knowledge and skills of patients and families in treating post craniectomy patients to prevent complications and help the healing process."

"Kambing merupakan salah satu sumber infeksi Toxoplasma gondii pada manusia, yaitu melalui konsumsi daging setengah matang (sate). Risiko ini akan dijumpai pada kambing, terutama yang mempunyai titer antibodi toksoplasmois yang tinggi. Pengaruh ketinggian lokasi terhadap angka infeksi toksoplasmosis pada kambing diteliti dengan mengambil serum kambing dari kecamatan Pasar Minggu, Jakarta (mewakili daerah dataran rendah) dan kecamatan Cibadak, Sukabumi (mewakili daerah dataran tinggi) masing-masing sebanyak 60 sampel. Uji serologis dengan metode hemaglutinasi tak langsung (IHA) menunjukkan angka infeksi oksoplosmosis 63% untuk Pasar Minggu dan 30% untuk Cibadak. Titer serum positif di Pasar Minggu adalah antara 1:256 dan 1:4.096 , sedangkan di Cibadak adalah antara 1:6 dan 1:512. Berdasarkan analisis dengan uji Khi-kuadrat terbukti bahwa baik angka infeksi maupun titer serum positif pada kambing yang berasal dari daerah dataran rendah (Pasar Minggu) lebih tinggi secara nyata daripada yang berasal dari daerah dataran tinggi, Cibadak."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Fibroadenoma dan tumor filodes jinak merupakan tumorfibroepitelial dengan gambaran histopatologik yang tumpang tindih. Saat inibanyak pengambilan jaringan tumor payudara secara core biopsy, termasuk padatumor fibroepitelial. Jumlah jaringan yang sedikit dan gambaran histopatologikyang tumpang tindih sering menyulitkan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Anatomikdalam menentukan diagnosis fibroadenoma dan tumor filodes jinak. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologik apa saja yang bermaknauntuk mendiagnosis fibroadenoma dan tumor filodes jinak dan untuk mengujiapakah diagnosis fibroadenoma dan tumor filodes jinak pada core biopsy denganmenggunakan sistem skoring lebih baik dibandingan tanpa skoring.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu uji diagnostik. 57 kasusfibroadenoma dan tumor filodes jinak yang memiliki slaid core biopsy danmastektomi/lumpektomi/eksisi dinilai ulang tanpa sistem skoring danmenggunakan skoring. Gambaran histopatologik yang dinilai pada sistem skoringadalah selularitas stroma, atipia inti, fragmentasi jaringan, infiltrasi lemak, mitosisdan heterogenitas stroma. Kemudian dilakukan analisis statistik, uji diagnostikdan uji kappa.Hasil: Selularitas stroma, heterogenitas stroma dan fragmentasi jaringan lebihsering ditemukan pada tumor filodes jinak dan berbeda bermakna (p=0,001;p=0,000; p=0,021). Spesifisitas pada sistem skoring meningkat sebesar 17,9%.Nilai duga positif dan nilai duga negatif pada sistem skoring meningkat sebesar11,9% dan 5,1%. Area under curve (AUC) meningkat 8,9%. Uji Cohen?s kappaantara diagnosis core biopsy tanpa dan dengan skoring bernilai rendah (0,545).Kesimpulan: Adanya peningkatan spesifisitas, nilai duga positif dan AUCmenunjukkan bahwa penilaian core biopsy sistem skoring lebih baikdibandingkan tanpa skoring dan dapat menjadi acuan untuk diagnosis fibroadenoma dan tumor filodes jinak.ABSTRACT Background: Fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor are kinds of fibroepithelial tumor which have overlapping histopathological features. Recently, core biopsy is commonly performed to determine breast tumor, including fibroepithelial tumor. Small amount of tissue and overlapped histopathological features often complicate the Pathologist in diagnosing both. This study aims to describe the histopathological appearance which needed to diagnose fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor and to verify if the diagnosis of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor in core biopsy using scoring system is more accurate than without scoring system.Method: This study was a diagnostic test, in which 57 cases of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor which had undergone core biopsy and mastectomy/excision were re-assessed using and without using scoring system. Histopathologic features which assessed using scoring system were stromal cellularity, nuclear atypia, tissue fragmentation, fat infiltration, mitotic figure, stromal heterogeneity. Analytical statistic, diagnostic test, accuracy test and Kappa test were done.Results: Stromal cellularity, stromal heterogeneity and tissue fragmentation mostly found in benign phyllodes tumor and significantly different (p=0,001; p=0,000; p=0,021).There were significant differences between stromal cellularity (p=0,001), stromal heterogeneity (p=0,000), and tissue fragmentation (p=0,021) in diagnosis of benign phyllodes tumor. Specificity in scoring system increased by17,9 %. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy increased in scoring system (11,9% and 5,1%). Area under curve (AUC) increased by 8,9%. Cohen's Kappa test between core biopsy diagnosis without using and using scoring system had low result(0,545). Conclusion: The increasing of specificity, positive predictive value, accuracy and AUC proved that core biopsy with scoring system is more accurate than without scoring. This can be used as reference to diagnose fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor.;Background: Fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor are kinds of fibroepithelial tumor which have overlapping histopathological features. Recently, core biopsy is commonly performed to determine breast tumor, including fibroepithelial tumor. Small amount of tissue and overlapped histopathological features often complicate the Pathologist in diagnosing both. This study aims to describe the histopathological appearance which needed to diagnose fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor and to verify if the diagnosis of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor in core biopsy using scoring system is more accurate than without scoring system.Method: This study was a diagnostic test, in which 57 cases of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor which had undergone core biopsy and mastectomy/excision were re-assessed using and without using scoring system. Histopathologic features which assessed using scoring system were stromal cellularity, nuclear atypia, tissue fragmentation, fat infiltration, mitotic figure, stromal heterogeneity. Analytical statistic, diagnostic test, accuracy test and Kappa test were done.Results: Stromal cellularity, stromal heterogeneity and tissue fragmentation mostly found in benign phyllodes tumor and significantly different (p=0,001; p=0,000; p=0,021).There were significant differences between stromal cellularity (p=0,001), stromal heterogeneity (p=0,000), and tissue fragmentation (p=0,021) in diagnosis of benign phyllodes tumor. Specificity in scoring system increased by17,9 %. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy increased in scoring system (11,9% and 5,1%). Area under curve (AUC) increased by 8,9%. Cohen's Kappa test between core biopsy diagnosis without using and using scoring system had low result(0,545). Conclusion: The increasing of specificity, positive predictive value, accuracy and AUC proved that core biopsy with scoring system is more accurate than without scoring. This can be used as reference to diagnose fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor.;Background: Fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor are kinds of fibroepithelial tumor which have overlapping histopathological features. Recently, core biopsy is commonly performed to determine breast tumor, including fibroepithelial tumor. Small amount of tissue and overlapped histopathological features often complicate the Pathologist in diagnosing both. This study aims to describe the histopathological appearance which needed to diagnose fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor and to verify if the diagnosis of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor in core biopsy using scoring system is more accurate than without scoring system.Method: This study was a diagnostic test, in which 57 cases of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor which had undergone core biopsy and mastectomy/excision were re-assessed using and without using scoring system. Histopathologic features which assessed using scoring system were stromal cellularity, nuclear atypia, tissue fragmentation, fat infiltration, mitotic figure, stromal heterogeneity. Analytical statistic, diagnostic test, accuracy test and Kappa test were done.Results: Stromal cellularity, stromal heterogeneity and tissue fragmentation mostly found in benign phyllodes tumor and significantly different (p=0,001; p=0,000; p=0,021).There were significant differences between stromal cellularity (p=0,001), stromal heterogeneity (p=0,000), and tissue fragmentation (p=0,021) in diagnosis of benign phyllodes tumor. Specificity in scoring system increased by17,9 %. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy increased in scoring system (11,9% and 5,1%). Area under curve (AUC) increased by 8,9%. Cohen's Kappa test between core biopsy diagnosis without using and using scoring system had low result(0,545). Conclusion: The increasing of specificity, positive predictive value, accuracy and AUC proved that core biopsy with scoring system is more accurate than without scoring. This can be used as reference to diagnose fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor.;Background: Fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor are kinds of fibroepithelial tumor which have overlapping histopathological features. Recently, core biopsy is commonly performed to determine breast tumor, including fibroepithelial tumor. Small amount of tissue and overlapped histopathological features often complicate the Pathologist in diagnosing both. This study aims to describe the histopathological appearance which needed to diagnose fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor and to verify if the diagnosis of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor in core biopsy using scoring system is more accurate than without scoring system.Method: This study was a diagnostic test, in which 57 cases of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor which had undergone core biopsy and mastectomy/excision were re-assessed using and without using scoring system. Histopathologic features which assessed using scoring system were stromal cellularity, nuclear atypia, tissue fragmentation, fat infiltration, mitotic figure, stromal heterogeneity. Analytical statistic, diagnostic test, accuracy test and Kappa test were done.Results: Stromal cellularity, stromal heterogeneity and tissue fragmentation mostly found in benign phyllodes tumor and significantly different (p=0,001; p=0,000; p=0,021).There were significant differences between stromal cellularity (p=0,001), stromal heterogeneity (p=0,000), and tissue fragmentation (p=0,021) in diagnosis of benign phyllodes tumor. Specificity in scoring system increased by17,9 %. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy increased in scoring system (11,9% and 5,1%). Area under curve (AUC) increased by 8,9%. Cohen's Kappa test between core biopsy diagnosis without using and using scoring system had low result(0,545). Conclusion: The increasing of specificity, positive predictive value, accuracy and AUC proved that core biopsy with scoring system is more accurate than without scoring. This can be used as reference to diagnose fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor."