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"The authors explore the issues behind the joint use of self-* properties and P2P, and present: a survey relating autonomic computing and self-* properties, P2P, and network and service management, the design of solutions that explore parallel and cooperative behavior of management peers, the change in angle of network management solution development from APIs, protocols, architectures, and frameworks to the design of management algorithms."

"Arsitektur jaringan overlay P2P berjenjang terstruktur (structured hierarchical P2P) sangat sesuai untuk jaringan heterogen karena mempertimbangkan keberagaman kapabilitas peer. Pada penelitian ini diusulkan pendekatan baru mekanisme rejoin yang dinamakan collective rejoin, dimana proses rejoin dilakukan secara per kelompok, sebagai alternatif dari pendekatan individual rejoin yang selama ini diterapkan pada arsitektur P2P berjenjang terstruktur berbasis Chord. Setiap kelompok yang mengalami kegagalan superpeer akan menunjuk normal peer dengan kapabilitas tertinggi dalam kelompoknya sebagai superpeer baru. Superpeer baru ini yang akan mengirimkan pesan rejoin ke sistem. Dengan pendekatan ini, jumlah trafik rejoin akan jauh berkurang dibandingkan pendekatan individual rejoin, sehingga konsumsi bandwidth untuk overhead trafik pengelolaan dapat dikurangi. Kinerja pendekatan collective rejoin ini dievaluasi dengan menggunakan parameter: variasi nilai rasio superpeer, tingkat dinamika jaringan (churn), ukuran jaringan, dan tingkat kesibukan jaringan (lookup query rate). Evaluasi kinerja dilakukan dengan mengamati jumlah trafik yang dihasilkan oleh proses rejoin pada saat terjadi kegagalan superpeer (rejoin traffic load), rasio antara lookup query yang berhasil diselesaikan terhadap seluruh lookup query yang terjadi (successful lookup rate), dan banyaknya hop yang harus ditempuh untuk menyelesaikan sebuah lookup query (lookup query cost). Nilai efisiensi diperoleh berdasarkan penghitungan penghematan penggunaan bandwitdh yang dapat dilakukan oleh pendekatan collective rejoin. Pada seluruh parameter yang diujikan, pendekatan collective rejoin menghasilkan jumlah trafik rejoin yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan pendekatan individual rejoin. Hal ini dibarengi juga dengan successful lookup rate yang rata-rata lebih baik, dengan tanpa meningkatkan lookup query cost. Rasio superpeer dan ukuran jaringan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai efisiensi. Sedangkan pada pengujian terhadap parameter tingkat dinamika jaringan dan tingkat kesibukan jaringan, nilai efisiensi relatif tetap. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan collective rejoin efektif jika diterapkan pada jaringan P2P berjenjang terstruktur dengan ukuran kelompok yang besar (pada penelitian ini, dengan rasio superpeer terbesar adalah 10%).

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By considering the diversity of p overlay network architecture is weeer capability, structured hierarchical P2Pll suited for heterogeneous networks. In this research, a new approach of rejoin mechanism is proposed, called collective rejoin, whereby rejoin process is done per group. Each group that experiences a superpeer failure will appoint a normal peer that has highest capabilities in the group as the group's new superpeer. This new superpeer will send rejoin message to the system. Using this approach, the number of rejoin traffic is less than individual rejoin. In turn, it will decrease the bandwidth consumption of management traffic overhead The collective rejoin approach performance is evaluated using parameters: variety of superpeer ratio, network dynamics level (churn), network size, and overlay network activities level (lookup query rate).

Performance evaluation is conducted by observing the number of rejoin traffic, the successful lookup rate, and the lookup query cost. The efficiency value is obtained by calculating bandwidth consumption saving by the collective rejoin approach. On all tested parameters, the collective rejoin approach produces fewer rejoin traffics than the individual rejoin approach. The successful lookup rate of collective rejoin is outperform the individual rejoin. The lookup query cost of the collective rejoin can be maintained at the same value as in the individual rejoin. Superpeer ratio and network size significantly impact the efficiency. Meanwhile, networks dynamic and activities provide a relative stable efficiency. The results show that the collective rejoin approach is useful for large group size hierarchical structured P2P (in this research the maximum superpeer ratio is 10%)."

"There is increasing attention to the need to preserve the global environment. This book summarizes research done in this area based on a number of important collaborative projects in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, China. It features case studies and recommendations for different approaches to environmentally responsive sustainable building."

"The most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of its kind, Case Studies in Biomedical Ethics: Decision-Making, Principles, and Cases, Second Edition, explores fundamental ethical questions arising from real situations faced by health professionals, patients, and others."

"This book introduces readers to the core principles and methodologies of product development, and highlights the interactions between engineering design and industrial design. It shows to what extent the two cultures can be reconciled, and conversely what makes each of them unique. Although the semantic aspect is fundamental in industrial design, while the functional aspect is essential for the industrial product, the interaction between the two worlds is strategically vital. Design is also a strategic problem-solving process that drives innovation, builds business success and leads to better quality of life through innovative products, systems, services and experiences. The book connects product development with the concepts and strategies of innovation, recognizing that product design is a complex process in which invention, consumers’ role, industrial technologies, economics and the social sciences converge. After presenting several examples of artifacts developed up to the conceptual phase or built as prototypes, the book provides a case study on a packaging machine, showcasing the principles that should underlie all design activities, and the methods that must be employed to successfully establish a design process. The book is primarily targeted at professionals in the industry, design engineers and industrial designers, as well as researchers and students in design schools, though it will also benefit any reader interested in product design. "