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"This study deals with an application of SPOT satellite data for mangrove forest inventory in Cimanuk Delta West Java (Indonesia). Mangrove of the area (7100 Ha) has been gradually decreasing by human pressure especially for fisheries purposes. In fact, mangrove here is a result of afforestation since 1960, with Rhizophora mucronata and R. apiculata as main planted species. Other species are Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Avicennia which grow naturally. SPOT data were digitally analysed using Didactim software. A color composite image was analysed. A barycentric supervised classification and a textural analysis were applied. As an intermediate data, infrared color aerial photographs at 1/30,000 (1981) were interpreted manually. At least two mangrove types of mangrove could be identified from the SPOT image. Dense mangrove was found in Petak 7, Petak 8, Petak 9, and Petak 12. In the other Petaks, mangrove were less than 20% of their surface. Mangrove of Rhizophora in 26 Petaks covered 290 Ha only."

"ABSTRAK Daerah produksi udang terbesar di Indonesia adalah Provinsi Lampung,diantaranya yaitu area tambak yang ada di Teluk Hurun dimana komunitasmangrove disana masih terjaga kondisinya. Analisis yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini menggunakan model analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatankeruangan secara komparatif. Pada tahap awal dilakukan perbandingan luasanmangrove dengan faktor fisik perairan Teluk Hurun yang terdiri atas salinitas,konsentrasi klorofil-a, dan total suspended solid (TSS). Perbandingan tersebutdilihat pada dua musim yang berbeda dan akan menghasilkan potensi budidayatambak. Pengaruh mangrove terhadap produktivitas tambak didapat dari hasilwawancara dengan narasumber di lapangan dan hasil analisis deskriptifkomparatif dari potensi budidaya dan produksi pada masing-masing unit analisis.Secara alami dapat dikatakan bahwa komunitas mangrove di wilayah Teluk Huruntersebar secara linier sepanjang garis pantai, namun saat ini sebaran komunitasmangrove hanya terkonsentrasi pada wilayah utara Teluk Hurun. Kondisi tersebutberbanding terbalik dengan pertumbuhan tambak yang lebih banyak terjadi diwilayah selatan Teluk Hurun. Komunitas mangrove memiliki pengaruh tidaklangsung terhadap produktivitas tambak. Pada dasarnya keberadaan komunitasmangrove berpengaruh terhadap kondisi fisik perairan dimana kondisi perairantersebut akan menentukan produktivitas tambak melalui penggunaan kapur,pemberian pakan, aplikasi penumbuh plankton, hingga pengerukan tandonpengendapan.

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ABSTRACT Lampung is a largest shrimp production area in Indonesia, among whichthe existing farms in the Gulf Hurun where mangrove communities there are stillawake condition. The analysis used in this study uses descriptive analysis modelwith spatial comparative approach. Comparisons were made through comparisonof two factors, physical factors and land cover. Land cover will be one of thereference as a comparison against the physical factors consisting of salinity,chlorophyll-a, and total suspended solids (TSS). The comparison is seen in twodifferent seasons and also a description of the results of interviews with sources inthe field. Naturally it can be said that the mangrove communities in the Gulfregion Hurun spread linearly along the shoreline, but the current distribution ofmangrove community is concentrated in the northern region of the Gulf Hurun.The condition is inversely proportional to the growth ponds that are moreprevalent in the southern region of the Gulf of Hurun. Mangrove community hasno direct effect on the productivity of the pond. Basically, the existence ofmangrove communities affect the physical condition of the waters where thewater conditions will determine the productivity of the pond through the use oflime, feeding, plankton grower application, until dredging reservoirsedimentation."

"The ecological role of mangrove ecosystem is economically, socially and physically, highly significant. Despite the many benefits provided by mangroves, they tend to be under intense pressure from competing resource used by local vullagers, in particular, as firewood, or charcoal. The ecosystem is typically crucial, hence the benefits and values need to identify and estimate economically. The objectives of this research are: (1) to identify economic values of mangroves based on ecosystem benefits; and (2) to estimate total economic value (TEV) of "use-value" and "non-use value" of mangroves. The method of economic valuation was applied to estimate TEV based on the benefits of mangroves ecosystem (direct-use value, indirect-use, option use, and existence use values). Results of this research are as follows. (1) Functions and benefits of the mangrove ecosystem in the village of Tawiri Consisted of direct-use (fuel wood collection for the subsistence needs of local villagers, wild animals used by humans for subsistence purposes, near by fishing activities); indirect-use (natural barrier to shoreline erosion, highly nutritious food source for animals in the mangrove area), option use (biodiversity bnfits), and existence use (WTP). (2) The TEV of mangrove was Rp 24,887,887 per year, consisting of direct-use value of Rp 11,299,500 per year (45.40%), indirect-value of Rp 9,098,077 per year (36.56%), exixtence value of Rp 4,083,750 per year (16.41%) and optionvalue of Rp 406,560 per year (1.63%)."

"The diversity of mangrove at West Bali National Park has not been reported completely. The exploration was conducted from 12 - 16 June, 2011 from Banyuwedang to Gilimanuk and from Gilimanuk to Sumbersari-Melaya mangrove forests. The result showed that 18 families consist of 21 genera and 28 mangrove species were recorded at West Bali National Park, these are 11,5% of the Indonesian mangroves."

"ABSTRAKLayanan In-Flight Connectivity (IFC) dengan teknologi Air-to-Ground (A2G) belum terimplementasi di Indonesia. A2G adalah jaringan terestrial di darat yang terdiri dari sejumlah Ground Station (GS) untuk melayani konektivitas internet di pesawat terbang selama penerbangan dengan mengarahkan sinyal radio GS tersebut ke jalur penerbangan pesawat terbang.Metode STEP analysis (Social, Technology, Economy, Policy) dipilih dalam melakukan analisis teknologi A2G di Indonesia ini bertujuan untuk dapat melakukan pendekatan dengan melihat permasalahan secara menyeluruh berdasarkan aspek sosial, teknologi, ekonomi dan aspek kebijakan sehingga diperoleh perspektif yang utuh dalam rangka implementasi teknologi A2G di Indonesia.Berdasarkan analisis metode STEP ini diperoleh hasil bahwa dari aspek sosial masyarakat Indoensia di kalangan ekonomi menengah ke atas menginginkan kehadiran layanan internet di pesawat dengan skema layanan merupakan bagian dari fasilitas yang diberikan oleh maskapai penerbangan kepada penumpang. Dari aspek teknologi dengan melihat kondisi geografis Indonesia, maka teknologi yang layak diimplementasikan adalah kombinasi antara A2G dan Satelit. A2G untuk melayani penerbangan saat di atas daratan dan teknologi satelit untuk mengcover layanan saat penerbangan di atas lautan yang tidak terlayani oleh A2G. Dari aspek ekonomi implementasi internet A2G akan memunculkan potensi pendapatan baru selain pendapatan akses internet yaitu pendapatan iklan, pendapatan konten premium dan pendapatan e-commerce. Dari aspek kebijakan terkait dengan regulasi penggunaan perangkat elektronik di pesawat, maka rekomendasi durasi waktu penerbangan yang layak untuk disediakan layanan internet di pesawat adalah minimal 1,5 hingga 2 jam perjalanan.

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ABSTRACTIn-Flight Connectivity (IFC) services with Air-to-Ground (A2G) technology have not yet been implemented in Indonesia. A2G is a terrestrial network on ground consisting of several Ground Station (GS) to serve internet connectivity on an aircraft during flight by directing the GS radio signal to the flight path of an aircraft.The STEP analysis method (Social, Technology, Economy, Policy) chosen in conducting A2G technology analysis in Indonesia aims to identify problems in a comprehensive manner based on social, technological, economic and policy aspects so that a complete perspective is obtained in implementing A2G in Indonesia.Based on the analysis of the STEP method, it is obtained that from the social aspects of the Indonesian people at the middle to upper economic level, they want internet service on a plane with a service scheme to be part of the facilities provided by airlines to passengers. From the technological aspect by looking at Indonesia's geographicalconditions, the technology that is feasible to be implemented is a combination of A2G and Satellite. A2G to serve flights while on land and satellite technology to cover services when flights over seas that are not served by A2G. From an economic aspect, A2G implementation will bring up new revenue potential besides internet access revenue,namely advertising revenue, premium content revenue and e-commerce revenue. From the policy aspects related to the regulation of the use of electronic devices on the aircraft, the recommended duration of flight time is adequate for internet services provided on the aircraft at least 1.5 to 2 hours."

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Infrastruktur akses broadband belum dapat menjangkau 100% wilayah Indonesia. Pembangunan infrastruktur akses,  khususnya fixed broadband belum merata dan belum dapat menjangkau pelosok terpencil sepenuhnya. Pembangunan akses infrastruktur broadband menggunakan teknologi serat optik, teresterial, maupun seluler tidak dapat dilaksanakan karena tidak layak secara bisnis, terlebih untuk kondisi daerah rural dengan kepadatan pelanggan rendah dan lokasi tersebar. Teknologi High throughput satellite (HTS) dan subsidi merupakan solusi bagi negara-negara Uni Eropa dalam menjangkau 100% wilayahnya. High throughput satellite dan subsidi merupakan hal baru dan berisiko bagi Pemerintah Indonesia, Operator, dan Service Provider. Pemerintah Indonesia berinisiatif menyelenggarakan layanan akses satelit menggunakan HTS melalui model Kerjasama Pemerintah Badan Usaha. Bentuk-bentuk Kerjasama Pemerintah Badan Usaha perlu disepakati antara Pemerintah, Operator dan Service Provider. Tesis ini menilai dampak biaya bagi Pemerintah dan kelayakan bisnis dari sudut pandang Operator, Service Provider dan Konsorsium dalam membangun HTS pada orbit plan band (7 Gbps) dan orbit asumsi Ka band (65 Gbps) pada Skenario Availability Payment dan Skenario Forecasting. Dampak biaya dan kelayakan bisnis akan dihitung menggunakan metode tekno ekonomi. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa dengan pelunasan VSAT selama 5 tahun semua skenario, baik Skenario Availability Payment maupun Skenario Forecasting akan bernilai layak. Skenario yang paling menguntungkan Operator untuk pembayaran pembangunan satelit adalah Skenario Availability Payment Decline. Sementara, skenario yang paling optimal bagi Service Provider dan Pemerintah untuk pembayaran layanan satelit didukung subsidi adalah Skenario Forecasting dengan pelunasan instalasi VSAT maksimal 5 tahun. Biaya yang diperlukan untuk menyelenggarakan jaringan akses satelit setiap tahunnya mencapai Rp 1,65 trilliun - Rp 2,81 trilliun untuk satelit 7 Gbps, dan Rp 4,88 trilliun – Rp 9,59 trilliun untuk satelit 65 Gbps untuk satelit 65 Gbps

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Broadband access infrastructure in Indonesia cannot cover 100% of its territory. The development of access infrastructure, especially fixed broadband has not been evenly distributed and able to reach remote areas completely. Development of broadband infrastructure access using fiber optic, terrestrial and cellular technology cannot be implemented because it is not feasible on business basis, especially for rural conditions with low customer density and scattered locations. High throughput satellite (HTS) technology and subsidies are a solution for EU countries to reach 100% of their territory.  The development of High throughput satellite and subsidies are a new thing and risky for the Government of Indonesia, Operator and Service Provider. The Indonesian government took the initiative to organize satellite access services using HTS through Joint Venture Public private patnership. The forms of Joint Venture Public private patnership need to be agreed upon between the Government, Operators and Service Providers. This thesis assesses the impact of costs for the Government and business feasibility from the point of view of Operators, Service Providers and Consortiums in building HTS on plan band orbit (7 Gbps) and orbit assumptions on Ka band (65 Gbps) in  Availability Payment and Forecasting Skenarios. The cost effects and business feasibility will be assessed using techno-economic method. The results of the study show that with the rePayment of VSAT for 5 years, all skenarios, both the Availability Payment and Forecasting Skenarios will be worthy. The most favorable skenario for the operator to get pay for satellite construction is Decline Availability Payment Skenario. Meanwhile, the most optimal skenario for Service Providers and the Government,  to get pay for satellite services supported by subsidies is the Forecasting Skenario with a maximum rePayment of VSAT installation for 5 years. The costs required to conduct satellite access networks each year reach Rp 1.65 trillion - Rp 2.81 trillion for 7 Gbps satellites, and Rp 4.88 trillion - Rp 9.59 trillion for 65 Gbps satellites.

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"Penelitian penggunaan majalah ilmiah tercetak ini dilakukan di Perpustakaan Riset Bank Indonesia, yang berada di lantai 2, Menara Sjafruddin Prawiranegara komplek perkantoran Bank Indonesia, Jalan M.H Thamrin No.2 Jakarta Pusat, pada bulan September 2006 sampai dengan bulan Pebruari 2007. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui sejauh mana majalah ilmiah tercetak yang dilanggan (58 judul) digunakan oleh pemakai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis dokumen (Documentary Analysis) yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap informasi yang didokumentasikan dalam rekaman, gambar, suara, dan tulisan. Data diambil dari hasil penggunaan permintaan peminjaman, permintaan fotokopy, permintaan lewat telepon, fax, dan e-mail selama 6 bulan, dan pendapat pengguna melalui kuesioner, serta data dari slip isian ceklis yang diselipkan dalam setiap judul yang dipajang di rak. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diananlisis dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa dari 58 judul majalah ilmiah tercetak yang dilanggan perpustakaan Riset Bank Indonesia bisa di simpulkan seperti dibawah ini: a. Semua judul yang dilanggan masih digunakan. Frekuensi penggunaan majalah ilmiah tercetak ini sebanyak 888 kali. b. Judul majalah ilmiah yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Jurnal of Money, Credit, and Banking dengan penggunaan sebanyak 40 kali atau 4.52%. Judul majalah ilmiah tercetak yang jarang digunakan adalah Journal of International Arbitration dengan penggunaan sebanyak 2 kali atau 0.23%. c. Subyek-subyek yang banyak diminati adalah: 1.Bank Credit and Collection, 2.Economics, 3.Asia _ Economics, 4.Research Banking, 5.Market Research, 6.Financial Management, 7.Indonesia _ Financial Management, 8.Monetary Items, 9.Business Research, 10.Indonesia _ Economics, 11.Financial Analysis, 12.Econometrics, 13.Central Banking, 14.Economic Research, 15.Economic Models, 16.Statutes and Regulation, 17.Current Assets, dan 18.Forecasting"