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"Industri farmasi saat ini sedang berkembang di seluruh dunia. Produksi industri farmasi khususnya pada obat herbal berbentuk padat kategori Immunomodulator dalam skala besar setiap harinya dapat memberikan masalah yang signifikan terhadap lingkungan. Pada masa munculnya kasus COVID-19 di seluruh Dunia, obat herbal berbentuk padat kategori Immunomodulator dari PT X berperan penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Masalah dalam penelitian adalah belum adanya penilaian secara menyeluruh dari penerapan produksi bersih di PT X, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian pengembangan produksi bersih pada industri farmasi di PT X DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), deskriptif, analisis tren dan Analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, dan Threats). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kategori dampak MAETP merupakan dampak lingkungan potensial tertinggi, sikap stakeholder terhadap penerapan produksi bersih baik dan analisis tren pada biaya yaitu negatif. Strategi menggunakan kekuatan internal untuk memanfaatkan peluang. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini, dampak lingkungan potensial, sikap stakeholder, dan biaya pemerliharaan dan operasional memiliki hubungan untuk pengembangan penerapan produksi bersih. Strategi pengembangan prduksi bersih yang dipilih adalah kekuatan-peluang, sistem manajemen, alokasi biaya, meningkatkan citra perusahaan serta pengembangan inovasi mempunyai peranan penting dalam meningkatkan penerapan produksi bersih.

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The pharmaceutical industry is currently developing throughout the world. The production of the pharmaceutical industry, especially solid herbal medicines in the Immunomodulator category on a large scale every day, can cause significant problems for the environment. During the emergence of COVID-19 cases throughout the world, solid herbal medicines in the Immunomodulator category from PT X played an important role in meeting the health needs of the Indonesian people. The problem in the research is that there needs to be a comprehensive assessment of the implementation of clean production at PT. The methods used are Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), descriptive, trend analysis, and SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats). The research results show that the MAETP impact category has the highest potential environmental impact, stakeholder attitudes towards implementing clean production are good, and trend analysis on costs is negative. The strategy uses internal strengths to take advantage of opportunities. This research concludes that potential environmental impacts, stakeholder attitudes, and maintenance and operational costs have a relationship to the development of the implementation of cleaner production. The selected clean production development strategy is strengths-opportunities, management systems, cost allocation, improving the company's image, and developing innovation, which has an important role in increasing the implementation of clean production."

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ABSTRACTAnaerobic technology has become widely accepted by the environmental industry as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional aerobic process. In addition, with the intrinsic advantages of energy saving, reduced sludge yield, and production of biofuel, anaerobic process will be the favored green treatment technology for sustainable environment in years to come.Written by 40 renowned experts from 13 countries/regions, this book consists of 18 chapters compiling state-of-the-art information on new developments in various aspects of anaerobic technology. These include development of new types of reactors, uses of molecular techniques for microbial studies and mathematical modeling, productions of bio-hydrogen by fermentation and microbial electrolysis cell, as well as broadening applications to the treatment of municipal wastewater, effluents from chemical industry and agricultural wastes with high lignocellulose content. "

"Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan dana bantuan luar negeri bidang lingkungan atau environmental aid dan praktek implementasinya. Kajian ini memetakan tiga aspek utama perkembangan environmental aid dalam institusi lingkungan global, yakni: gagasan, pola transfer, serta aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaannya. Awal mula gagasan pemberian environmental aid berkembang sebagai bagian dari dana bantuan luar negeri untuk pembangunan hingga resmi menjadi dana bantuan luar negeri untuk lingkungan sejak Earth Summit. Pola transfer yang ada dalam pemberian environmental aid yaitu mekanisme bilateral dan multilateral. Adapun aktor-aktor yang terlibat di dalamnya ialah state dan non-state. Ketiga aspek yang dibahas dalam kajian ini merupakan aspek-aspek yang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lain dan saling memberikan pengaruh terhadap implementasi environmental aiddalam kerangka institusi lingkungan global.

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This literature review aims to examining the development of environmental aid and its implementation. This review identifies three major aspects of the development of environmental aid in global environmental institution. They are ideas, transfer scheme, and actors. Long before renowed as environmental aid, it has been known as a part of development assistance. After the 1992 Earth Summit, it is officially known as environmental aid. There are two scheme of environmental aid’s transfer namely bilateral and multilateral scheme. Besides, the environmental aid involves state and non-state as the actors in its implementation. All of the three aspects above are linked each other and gives the influence toward the implementation of environmental aid in the global environmental institution."

"Jeffrey D. Sachs has shown himself to be one of the world's most perceptive and original analysts of global development in his groundbreaking books, including The End of Poverty and Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet. Now, in this major new work he presents a compelling and practical framework for how global citizens can address the seemingly intractable worldwide problems of persistent extreme poverty, environmental degradation, and political-economic injustice. Sachs outlines the holistic way forward: sustainable development. This provocative work offers readers, students, activists, environmentalists, and policy makers the tools, metrics, and practical pathways they need to achieve sustainable development goals. Far more than a rhetorical exercise, this book is designed to inform, inspire, and spur action. Based on Sachs's fourteen years as Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University and as Special Advisor to the United Nations Secretary-General on the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals, The Age of Sustainable Development is a landmark publication and a clarion call for all who care about our planet and global justice."

"Jeffrey D. Sachs has shown himself to be one of the world's most perceptive and original analysts of global development in his groundbreaking books, including The End of Poverty and Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet. Now, in this major new work he presents a compelling and practical framework for how global citizens can address the seemingly intractable worldwide problems of persistent extreme poverty, environmental degradation, and political-economic injustice. Sachs outlines the holistic way forward: sustainable development. This provocative work offers readers, students, activists, environmentalists, and policy makers the tools, metrics, and practical pathways they need to achieve sustainable development goals. Far more than a rhetorical exercise, this book is designed to inform, inspire, and spur action. Based on Sachs's fourteen years as Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University and as Special Advisor to the United Nations Secretary-General on the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals, The Age of Sustainable Development is a landmark publication and a clarion call for all who care about our planet and global justice."

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Tegal memiliki kondisi TPA yang sudah overcapacity dengan 80% dari total sampah yang berakhir di TPA. Toko kelontong turut berkontribusi dalam jumlah timbulan sampah di TPA walaupun hanya merupakan usaha mikro. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kondisi eksisting dan persepsi toko kelontong, kebijakan persampahan, dan model bisnis toko kelontong berdasarkan ekonomi sirkular. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode analisis statistika deskriptif, EPR, dan CEM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan karakteristik pengelolaan sampah masih linear dan berakhir di TPA (96%) karena tiga faktor yaitu fasilitas, waktu dan mitra pengolahan bank sampah. Persepsi pemilik toko kelontong masih rendah dengan nilai indeks hanya 66% terutama untuk aspek optimalisasi material sampah. Kebijakan juga belum sepenuhnya mendukung tanggung jawab produsen dalam pengelolaan sampah mandiri, dan hanya berfokus pada pemerintah sebagai aktor utama pengelolaan sampah. Model bisnis toko kelontong menggunakan ekonomi sirkular mampu mengurangi timbulan sampah di TPA karena sebanyak 85,78 ton/tahun sampah yang dapat terkelola.

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Tegal has overcapacity landfill conditions with 80% of the total waste ending up in landfill. Grocery stores contribute to waste generation, even though they are only micro businesses. This study aims to analyze the existing conditions and perceptions of grocery stores, waste management policies, and grocery store business models based on a circular economy. The approach used quantitative descriptive statistical, EPR, and CEM analysis methods. The results show that the characteristics of waste management are still linear and end up in landfill (96%) due to three factors; facilities, time, and waste bank processing partners. The perception of grocery store owners is still low, the index value of only 66%, especially for optimizing waste materials. Policies also do not fully support independent producers' responsibilities for waste management and only focus on the government. The grocery store business model using the circular economy can reduce 85.78 tons/year of waste generation at landfills.

 

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"Pembangunan industri pulp dan rayon memberikan kontribusi pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, dan untuk mewujudkan pembangunannya harus diproses sesuai dengan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang berlaku. industri pulp dan rayon dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungannya. Industri ini menggunakan bahan baku kayu dari hutan sekitarnya dan untuk memprosesnya memerlukan banyak air yang diambil dari sungai Asahan dan mempunyai limbah cair yang setelah melalui proses mekanis dibuang ke sungai Asahan kembali, sehingga kemungkinan pencemaran lingkungan hidup bisa setiap saat terjadi jika tidak dikelola dengan benar. Investor yang membangun pabrik pulp dan rayon adalah PT. Inti Indorayon Utama (PT. IIU). Bahwa PT. IIU wajib membuat Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan (RKL) dan Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan (RPL) yang mencakup PP No. 29 Tahun 1986 tentang AMDAL. Dalam pembuatan suatu rencana kegiatan dan/atau usaha, peran serta masyarakat harus dilibatkan sesuai dengan Pasal 31 ayat (3) PP No. 29 Tahun 1986, dalam hal ini PT. IIU belum menyusun AMDAL, tetapi izin-izin yang terkait dengan rencana kegiatan, tetap diberikan pemerintah. Padahal dalam Pasal 5 PP No. 29 Tahun 1986 menyatakan bahwa keputusan tentang pemberian izin terhadap rencana kegiatan oleh instansi yang berwenang dapat diberikan setelah adanya keputusan persetujuan RKL dan RPL (AMDAL). Disinilah inkonsistensinya pemerintah, dimana persetujuan AMDAL belum ada tetapi pemerintah memberikan izin kepada PT, IIU. Pendirian pabrik dilakukan tanpa AMDAL, herarti tanpa peran serta masyarakat penduduk setempat yang akan terkena dampak, sehingga dalam kegiatan operasional pabrik kemudian temyata terjadi pencemaran lingkungan yang menimbulkan protes dan perlawanan dari masyarakat. Untuk penanganan permasalahan PT. IIU tersebut lagi-iagi pemerintah inkonsisten terhadap putusan-putusan yang dibuat, sehingga timbal kebijakan yang mendua. Akhirnya penanganan permasalahan dilakukan pemerintah dengan mengakomodir aspirasi dari masyarakat yang pro dan yang kontra, sehingga pemerintah memutuskan menutup pabrik rayon dan pabrik pulp dapat dibuka, dilanjutkan dengan melibatkan peran serta masyarakat didalam proses kegiatannya."

"Jeffrey D. Sachs has shown himself to be one of the world's most perceptive and original analysts of global development in his groundbreaking books, including The End of Poverty and Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet. Now, in this major new work he presents a compelling and practical framework for how global citizens can address the seemingly intractable worldwide problems of persistent extreme poverty, environmental degradation, and political-economic injustice. Sachs outlines the holistic way forward: sustainable development. This provocative work offers readers, students, activists, environmentalists, and policy makers the tools, metrics, and practical pathways they need to achieve sustainable development goals. Far more than a rhetorical exercise, this book is designed to inform, inspire, and spur action. Based on Sachs's fourteen years as Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University and as Special Advisor to the United Nations Secretary-General on the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals, The Age of Sustainable Development is a landmark publication and a clarion call for all who care about our planet and global justice."