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"Penggunaan suku bunga pada kebijakan moneter di negara dengan dual banking system menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah BUS yang bebas bunga juga terpengaruh oleh suku bunga dan apakah BUK dan BUS memiliki lending behavior yang sama. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh suku bunga terhadap terhadap volume kredit/pembiayaan BUK dan BUS di Indonesia pada periode 2003-2013.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua bank menurunkan volume kredit/pembiayaan ketika kebijakan moneter kontraktif diterapkan dan menaikkan volume kredit/pembiayaan ketika kebijakan moneter ekspansif diterapkan, mengimplikasikan bahwa aktivitas operasional BUS masih dipengaruhi oleh suku bunga dan tidak ada perbedaan lending behavior pada kedua jenis bank.

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The use of interest rate in a country where dual banking system is implemented raises question whether interest-free IB is also affected by interest rate and whether there is a difference between lending behavior between CB and IB. This study analyzes the effect of interest rate toward credit/financing in CB and IB in Indonesia during period of 2003-2013.

The result from this study shows that both types of bank reduce their loans/financing when contractive monetary policy is implemented and increase their loans/financing when expansive monetary policy is implemented, implicating that IB in its operational activity is indeed affected by interest rate and that there is no difference in lending behavior of both banks."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran dari bank BUMN dalam mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter melalui saluran kredit bank di Indonesia dengan metode VECM. Penelitian ini menggunakan data time series bulanan dari tahun 2006 sampai 2015. Melalui pengujian impulse response function dan variance decomposition menunjukkan bahwa kredit dari bank BUMN kurang responsif terhadap perubahan kebjijakan moneter. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bank BUMN yang merupakan bank besar di Indonesia dan dimiliki pemerintah tidak berperan dalam saluran kredit bank.

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This study aims to examine the role of state owned bank in monetary policy transmission mechanism through bank lending channel by VECM method. This study uses monthly time series data from 2006 to 2015. Through impulse response function and variance decomposition testing showed that credit from state owned bank is less responsive to changes in monetary policy. This indicates that state owned bank which are a big banks in Indonesia and owned by the government have no role in the bank lending channel."

"State-owned banks could help stabilize the business cycle if their lending is less procyclical. Such behavior might be driven by stronger reaction to monetary policy, which is likely influenced by government pressure or jawboning. This study investigates the effect of state ownership on lending cyclicality and monetary policy transmission using quarterly bank-level data covering virtually all conventional banks in Indonesia, where centrally state-owned banks are dominant and frequently subject to jawboning. State ownership is found to be associated with lower procyclicality in lending, even countercylicality by some measures, with the effect more pronounced during downcycles compared to upcycles. This might be explained by countercyclicality on their deposit side, which implies that state-owned banks are perceived to be more secure. Finally, there is some evidence that state-owned banks respond more to policy rate, which offers a novel explanation behind their lower procyclicality. These results affirm that some degree of state ownership in the banking system is beneficial for macroeconomic stability.

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Bank BUMN dapat membantu menstabilkan siklus bisnis jika penyaluran kredit mereka tidak begitu prosiklikal. Perilaku tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh reaksi yang lebih kuat terhadap kebijakan moneter, di mana kemungkinan terdapat tekanan politik. Studi ini meneliti dampak dari kepemilikan negara terhadap siklisitas kredit dan transmisi kebijakan moneter menggunakan data triwulanan tingkat bank yang mencakup hampir semua bank umum di Indonesia, di mana bank BUMN sangat dominan dan dipengaruhi oleh agenda pemerintah. Hasilnya mengindikasi bahwa kepemilikan negara berhubungan dengan prosiklisitas yang lebih rendah, bahkan sampai kontrasiklikal, dengan efeknya lebih kuat saat siklus ekonomi sedang turun. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh sisi deposito yang juga kontrasiklikal, misalnya karena bank BUMN dipercaya lebih aman. Terakhir, terdapat indikasi bahwa bank BUMN merespons lebih terhadap suku bunga kebijakan, yang memberikan penjelasan baru di balik prosiklisitas kredit bank BUMN yang lebih rendah. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan negara di sektor perbankan dapat bermanfaat bagi stabilitas makroekonomi."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh risiko kredit yang diwakilkan oleh rasio kredit bermasalah (NPL) terhadap perilaku pemberian pinjaman (lending behavior) bank di Indonesia. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kekuatan pasar dan modal inti yang dimiliki oleh bank dapat memoderasi pengaruh risiko kredit bank terhadap pertumbuhan kredit yang disalurkan oleh bank. Selain mengakomodasi variabel risiko kredit bank, penelitian ini juga mengakomodasi variabel spesifik bank lainnya dan variabel yang menjadi indikator kondisi perekonomian Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data bank umum konvensional yang beroperasi pada tahun 2007-2017, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menjadi determinan daripada pertumbuhan kredit (LG) di Indonesia ialah pertumbuhan DPK (DG), rasio kredit bermasalah tahun sebelumnya (NPL𝑡−1), rasio kecukupan modal bank (CAR), pertumbuhan PDB riil Indonesia (ΔGDP) dan tingkat suku bunga acuan di Indonesia (BI Rate). Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa kekuatan pasar dan modal inti bank yang besar (bank kategori BUKU 4) dapat mengurangi dampak negatif risiko kredit terhadap pertumbuhan kredit yang disalurkan oleh bank. Selain itu, ditemukan pula fakta bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan perilaku pemberian pinjaman (lending behavior) antara bank milik pemerintah dibandingkan dengan bank milik nonpemerintah serta bank kategori BUKU 4 dibandingkan dengan bank kategori BUKU lainnya.

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This study intends to analysis the effect of the level of non-performing loans (NPL) on lending behavior on banks in Indonesia. This study also wants to understand whether other variables such as bank capitalization and bank market power can influence the relationship between NPL and lending behavior at banks in Indonesia. While the macroeconomic factors that are accommodated are the Indonesian economic cycle which is represented by the variable growth of Indonesia's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The use of the variable Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is aimed at finding out whether the growth of bank credit in Indonesia is procyclical or not. This study uses data from commercial banks that run conventional bank businesses in Indonesia and operate during the period of 2007 to 2017. The factors that determine the level of credit growth (LG) in Indonesia are deposit growth (DG), the ratio of non-performing loans in the previous year (NPL𝑡−1), bank capital adequacy ratio (CAR), GDP real growth (ΔGDP) and the Indonesian benchmark interest rate (BI Rate). The effect of credit risk that can be represented by the ratio of bank non-performing loans (NPL) to credit growth provided by banks will be smaller if the bank has high market power. The credit growth provided by banks in the BUKU 4 category was more unaffected by the previous year's bad credit ratio (NPL𝑡−1) compared to other bank categories. There were no differences in lending behavior of banks owned by the government and banks owned by the private sector. BUKU 4 category banks do not have lending behavior that is different from other banks in the BUKUcategory."

"Secara teori, kebijakan moneter yang tercermin dari suku bunga kebijakan dapat berjalan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kredit. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan suku bunga acuan antar bank (JIBOR) terbukti berkorelasi negatif terhadap pertumbuhan kredit. Demikian pula dengan peran tingkat kompetisi bank (HHI) terhadap transmisi kebijakan moneter melalui jalur kredit, yang berkorelasi negatif dan signifikan secara statistik. Dalam rangka melihat pengaruh kedua elemen tersebut, maka dilakukan kalibrasi secara masing-masing maupun interaksi kedua elemen tersebut. Terbukti bahwa pengaruh interaksi kedua elemen tersebut lebih kecil dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kredit. Sesudah parameter masing-masing diperoleh, dilakukan simulasi untuk melihat pengaruh tingkat kompetisi bank terhadap efektivitas kebijakan moneter melalui jalur kredit. Terbukti bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat konsentrasi atau semakin rendah tingkat kompetisi bank justru melemahkan pertumbuhan kredit dalam transmisi kebijakan moneter, ceteris paribus. Selanjutnya, apabila ukuran bank dikelompokkan berdasarkan modal inti terbukti bahwa Bank BUKU 3&4 (modal inti diatas Rp 5 triliun) lebih berperan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan kredit dibandingkan bank BUKU 1&2 (modal inti kurang dari Rp 5 triliun).

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According to the monetary policy interest rate policy can affect the credit growth. The Jakarta Interbank Offered Rate (JIBOR) as a one of monetary policy indicator was proven to give a negatif correlation with credit growth. Meanwhile, the role of bank competition (HHI) for transmission of monetary policy through bank lending channel gave a significant with negatif correlation. In order to examine the effect of both variable (JIBOR & HHI), the calibration of each variable and the interaction of both variables have been exercised. However, the effect of interaction of both variables on the bank credit growth is small. Meanwhile, after all parameters have been computed the role of bank competition for the transmission of monetary policy through bank lending channel was calculated. The result from the Hirschman Herfindahl Index (HHI) prove that a decrease in the level of banking competition, weakened the monetary policy transmission through bank lending channel, ceteris paribus. Furthermore, when the bank is classified based on its bank core capital, those who has the higher core capital (BUKU 3&4) has a greater role to increase the bank credit growth compared to those who has lower core capital (BUKU 1&2). "

"Berdasarkan data Bank Indonesia pendapatan bunga bank mengkontribusi 76% terhadap total pendapatan kotor operasional bank. Hal ini menunjukkan pendapatan bunga bank merupakan komponen yang penting dalam profitabilitas bank. Dikarenakan tingkat suku bunga merupakan komponen yang menghasilkan pendapatan kotor operasional bank, maka sangatlah penting mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi tingkat suku bunga bank di tahun berjalan. Tesis ini mengindentifikasi faktor internal bank dan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi tingkat suku bunga dalam periode 2009-2013. Objek penelitian ini menggunakan 109 bank yang tercatat aktif di Bank Indonesia. Tingkat suku bunga pinjaman dan simpanan sebagai variabel dependen. BOPO (Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional), Rasio NIM (Net Interest Margin), rasio NPL (Non Performing Loan), total kredit, DPK (Dana Pihak Ketiga), dan LDR(Loan Deposit Ratio) dan BI RATE sebagai variabel independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel BOPO, NIM, dan NPL bergerak positif sementara variabel Total Kredit bergerak negatif terhadap tingkat suku bunga pinjaman. Variabel DPK dan BI Rate bergerak positif sementara variabel LDR bergerak negatif terhadap tingkat suku bunga simpanan.

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Based on data from Bank Indonesia interest income contributed 76% to total gross income of the bank's operations. This shows the interest income of banks is an important component in the bank's profitability. Due to the interest rate is a component of gross revenue that result in the bank's operations, it is important to know what factors affect the level of interest rates in the current year. This thesis identifies factors the bank's internal and external factors that affect interest rate in the period 2009-2013. The object of this study using the 109 registered banks active in Bank Indonesia. The interest rates on loans and deposits as dependent variable. BOPO ratio (operasting expense to operational income), NIM ratio (Net Interest Margin), NPL ratio (Non Performing Loan), total kredit, TPF (Third Party Fund), LDR (Loan Deposit Ratio) and BI RATE as independent variables. The result: BOPO, NIM and NPL have positive effect meanwhile Credit have negative effect to loan interest rates. TPF and BI Rate have positive effect meanwhile LDR have negative effect to deposit interest rates."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan NPF/NPL serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pada bank umum syariah dan bank umum konvensional di Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh variabel independen terhadap NPF bank umum syariah dan NPL bank umum konvensional. Faktor-faktor determinan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Kualitas Aktiva Produktif (KAP), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), dan Financial Growth/Loan Growth (FING/LOANG). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan Non Performing Financing/Non Performing Loan (NPF/NPL), Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) kecuali pada tahun 2007, Kualitas Aktiva Produktif (KAP) kecuali pada tahun 2009 dan 2011, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), dan Financial Growth/Loan Growth (FING/LOANG) yang signfiikan antara bank umum syariah dan bank umum konvensional. Selain itu ditemukan bahwa pada bank umum syariah, faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap NPF bank adalah Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) dan Kualitas Aktiva Produktif (KAP). Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) memiliki pengaruh yang negatif, sedangkan KAP memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap NPF bank umum syariah. Sedangkan CAR dan FING tidak mempengaruhi NPF bank umum syariah. Sementara itu, pada bank umum konvensional, DPK, KAP, CAR, dan LOANGt-2 memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif. Hasil dari penelitan diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi industri perbankan syariah di Indonesia dalam hal meningkatkan manajemen risiko keuangan.

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This research aimed to find the differences of NPF/NPL and other factors in Islamic and convenstional bank each year. In addition, researcher wants to find out how the independent variables influences NPF on Islamic banks and NPL on conventional banks. Determinant factors used in this research are Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Kualitas Aktiva Produktif (KAP), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Financial Growth/Loan Growth (FING/LOANG). Result shows that there are significant differences of NPF/NPL, DPK (except in 2007), KAP (except in 2009 and 2011), CAR, and FING/LOANG between islamic banks and conventional banks. Furthermore, there was also found that Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) and Kualitas Aktiva Produktif (KAP) are the significant factors that influences NPF on Islamic bank. Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) has a negative effect while KAP has a positive effect on Islamic bank?s NPF, while CAR and FING wasn?t influencing islamic bank?s NPF at all. Meanwhile, DPK, KAP, CAR, and LOANGt-2 has positive and significant effect on conventional bank?s NPL. The result of this study may give benefit to the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia on improving financing risk management."

"Bank Umum Syariah menjadi kontributor terbesar dalam mendukung keuangan syariah dengan total aset pada tahun 2020 sebesar 397,07 trilliun yang menggambarkan perkembangan kinerja Bank Umum Syariah dalam menghadapi pandemic COVID-19 terlihat baik. Namun, tidak bisa dipungkiri perbankan syariah pun ikut terdampak karena adanya pandemic COVID-19 ini dimana terjadi nya penurunan penyaluran dan pengembalian pembiayaan dan Bank Umum Konvensional pun ikut terdampak karena adanya pandemic COVID-19 dilihat dari terjadi Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh COVID-19, Inflasi, dan Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum (studi kasus : Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia dan Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia) dengan rentang waktu tahun 2016-2021 melalui data panel. Pada penelitian ini Random Effect Model yang digunakan untuk melihat hasil estimasi. Hasil estimasi penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pandemic COVID-19 berdampak negatif terhadap kinerja bank yang diukur melalui ROA, ROE, dan NIM baik Bank Umum Syariah maupun Bank Umum Konvensional dibuktikan dengan adanya pertumbuhan ROA,ROE,NIM yang menurun ketika tahun 2020-2021. Kemudian, inflasi berpengaruh signifkan negatif terhadap Bank Umum Syariah yang diukur melalui ROE, namun tidak terdampak apabila diukur ROA dan NIM serta dibandingkan dengan Bank Umum Konvensional yang tidak terdampak oleh inflasi baik diukur ROA,ROE,dan NIM.

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Islamic Commercial Banks are the largest contributor to supporting Islamic finance with total assets in 2020 amounting to 397.07 trillion which illustrates the development of Islamic Commercial Bank performance in dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic looks good. However, it cannot be denied that Islamic banking has also been affected due to the COVID-19 Pandemic where there has been a decrease in distribution and return of financing and Conventional Commercial Banks have also been affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic as seen from the occurrence This study discusses the effect of COVID-19, Inflation, and Profit-Sharing Financing on Commercial Bank profitability (case study: Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia and Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia) with a time span of 2016-2021 through panel data. In this study, the Random Effect Model was used to see the estimation results. The estimation results of this study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on bank performance as measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM for both Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks as evidenced by the growth of ROA, ROE, NIM which decreases in 2020-2021. then, inflation has a negative significant effect on Islamic Commercial Banks as measured by ROE, but is not affected when measured by ROA and NIM and compared to Conventional Commercial Banks which are not affected by inflation as measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perbedaan profitabilitas dan kualitas aset antara bank umum syariah dengan bank umum konvensional di Indonesia pada periode 2010-2012. Selain itu juga disertakan beberapa variabel kontrol untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel kontrol tersebut terhadap profitabilitas maupun kualitas aset bank di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bank umum syariah memiliki profitabilitas dan kualitas aset lebih rendah dibandingkan bank umum konvensional. Variabel kontrol equity to total asset, BOPO, loan loss provision, deposit growth, serta size berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank. Variabel kontrol lagged return on equity, size, dan loan to total asset berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas aset bank, sedangkan variabel equity to total asset dan lagged BOPO tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas aset bank.

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The aim of this research is to analyze the difference of profitability and asset quality between Islamic bank and conventional bank in Indonesia for the period of 2010-2012. Moreover this study also included some control variables to find out its effect to bank profitability and asset quality in Indonesia. This research uses panel data regression.

The results of this research indicate that Islamic bank has less profitability and asset quality than conventional bank. Control variables equity to total asset, BOPO, loan loss provision, deposit growth, and size have a significant effect on bank profitability. Control variables lagged return on equity, size, and lagged loan to total asset have significant effect bank asset quality, while variable equity to total asset and lagged BOPO have no significant effect on bank asset quality."

"Secara umum bank-bank di Asia mengalami pergeseran struktur pendanaan bank dari core liabilities ke non core liabilities karena aliran dana ke negara-negara di Asia pasca krisis keuangan global. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari non core liabilities tersebut terhadap kekuatan transmisi kebijakan moneter melalui jalur kredit di Indonesia. Menggunakan data level 95 bank secara bulanan selama periode 2010 hingga Desember 2019, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan suku bunga kebijakan moneter secara signifikan mendorong kenaikan pertumbuhan kredit bank, dan sebaliknya kenaikan suku bunga kebijakan moneter secara signifikan berdampak penurunan pertumbuhan kredit untuk semua bank, bank besar, bank kecil, bank asing dan bank domestik. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa posisi non core liabilities bank yang lebih tinggi mengurangi kekuatan transmisi kebijakan moneter jalur kredit untuk semua bank, bank kecil, bank besar, dan bank asing, namun tidak signfikan pada kelompok bank domestik. Implikasi dari temuan ini bank sentral dapat menggunakan instrumen makroprudensial yang mengarahkan posisi non core liabilities individu bank yang paling optimal dalam mengelola kekuatan pengaruh perubahan kebijakan suku bunga moneter terhadap pertumbuhan kredit bank. Terutama dengan berbagai inovasi keuangan dan perkembangan aktivitas usaha bank ke depan yang berpotensi meningkatkan akses bank terhadap sumber dana selain dana pihak ketiga.

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After the financial global crisis, banks in Asia experienced a shift in their funding structure from core liabilities to non-core liabilities due to the flow of funds to countries in Asia. This study examines the impact of non-core liabilities on the strength of bank lending channels in Indonesia. Using monthly data at the level of 95 banks during the period 2010 to December 2019, the results show that a loosening of monetary policy significantly encourages an increase in bank loan growth, and a tightening of monetary policy significantly reduces loan growth for all banks, large banks, small banks, foreign banks, and domestic banks. This study found that a higher non-core bank liabilities position significantly reduced the strength of bank lending channel for all banks, small banks, large banks, and foreign banks, but not significant for the domestic bank group. This finding implies that the central bank can use macroprudential instruments that affect the optimal level of non-core liabilities of individual banks in managing the strength of monetary policy rates impact on bank loan growth. Especially with various future financial innovations and the development of bank business activities that have the potential to increase bank access to sources of funds other than third-party funds."